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Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible: una mirada desde la investigación en ciencias sociales en tiempos complejos Sustainable development goals: a social science research perspective in complex times
Get PDFThis article explores the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Ecuador, focusing on challenges and opportunities from a social science perspective. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders, including community leaders and sustainability experts, and complemented with a desk review of previous policies and studies. The results reveal that SDG implementation faces structural barriers and regional inequalities, especially in rural areas, where access to basic services such as education and health is limited. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of social sciences in adapting the SDGs to specific contexts, promoting a deeper understanding of local dynamics and facilitating an inclusive approach. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for contextualized public policies and greater strengthening of local capacities to achieve more equitable sustainable development in Ecuador.Este artículo explora la implementación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en Ecuador, centrándose en los desafíos y oportunidades desde la perspectiva de las ciencias sociales. A través de un enfoque cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores clave, incluyendo líderes comunitarios y expertos en sostenibilidad, y se complementaron con un análisis documental de políticas y estudios previos. Los resultados revelan que la implementación de los ODS enfrenta barreras estructurales y desigualdades regionales, especialmente en áreas rurales, donde el acceso a servicios básicos como educación y salud es limitado. Además, se destaca la importancia de las ciencias sociales para adaptar los ODS a contextos específicos, promoviendo una comprensión más profunda de las dinámicas locales y facilitando un enfoque inclusivo. En conclusión, el estudio subraya la necesidad de políticas públicas contextualizadas y de un mayor fortalecimiento de las capacidades locales para alcanzar un desarrollo sostenible más equitativo en Ecuador.This article explores the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Ecuador, focusing on challenges and opportunities from a social science perspective. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders, including community leaders and sustainability experts, and complemented with a desk review of previous policies and studies. The results reveal that SDG implementation faces structural barriers and regional inequalities, especially in rural areas, where access to basic services such as education and health is limited. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of social sciences in adapting the SDGs to specific contexts, promoting a deeper understanding of local dynamics and facilitating an inclusive approach. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for contextualized public policies and greater strengthening of local capacities to achieve more equitable sustainable development in Ecuador.Recibido: 01-09-2024Aceptado: 17-10-2024Publicado: 01-11-202
Manifestaciones clínicas y diagnóstico del virus del ébola. Revisión narrativa Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of the ebola virus. Narrative review
Get PDFEbola virus disease (EVD) appeared for the first time in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1976. Different non-specific signs and symptoms are observed, such as the unexpected appearance of fever of 39.5° and 40°C, myalgia, intense headaches, chills, anorexia and asthenia, known as the first phase, followed by a second phase characterized by symptoms of gastrointestinal origin, while in the third and fourth phases patients present critical symptoms. One of the diagnostic methods used is RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction), being the main confirmation study for the virus, it has the advantage of obtaining the results in a period of 24 to 48 hours. Objective: describe the most frequent clinical manifestations and the most used methods for diagnosis in patients with Ebola virus infection. Original articles, systemic reviews, bibliographic and narrative reviews were included using PubMed and the Virtual Health Library and the Medline and LILACS databases as search engines. The time interval in which the search was carried out was between June and August 2022, obtaining seven articles that met the purpose of the work. Among the results for diagnosis, different tests were used, including: RT-PCR, ELISA, detection of antigens and antibodies, seroneutralization test, virus isolation by cell culture.DOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/GICOS/2024.01.09.05RESUMENLa enfermedad por el virus del Ébola (EVE), apareció por primera vez en la República Democrática del Congo en 1976. Se observan diferentes signos y síntomas inespecíficos como la aparición inesperada de fiebre de 39,5° y 40°C, mialgias, cefaleas intensas, escalofríos, anorexia y astenia, conocida como primera fase, seguida de una segunda fase caracterizada por sintomatología de origen gastrointestinal, mientras que en la tercera y cuarta fase los pacientes presentan síntomas críticos. Uno de los métodos diagnósticos utilizados es la RT-PCR (Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa con Transcriptasa Inversa), siendo el principal estudio de confirmación para el virus, tiene la ventaja de obtener los resultados en un lapso de 24 a 48 horas. Objetivo: describir las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes y los métodos más utilizados para el diagnóstico en los pacientes con infección por el virus del Ébola. Se incluyeron artículos originales, revisiones sistémicas, revisiones bibliográficas y narrativas utilizando como motores de búsqueda, PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y las bases de datos Medline y LILACS. El intervalo de tiempo en que se hizo la búsqueda fue entre junio y agosto del año 2022, obteniéndose siete artículos que cumplieron con el propósito del trabajo. Dentro de los resultados para el diagnóstico se utilizaron, diferentes pruebas que incluyen: la PCR-RT, ELISA, detección de antígenos y anticuerpos, prueba de seroneutralización, aislamiento del virus mediante cultivo celular.ABSTRACTEbola virus disease (EVD) appeared for the first time in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1976. Different non-specific signs and symptoms are observed, such as the unexpected appearance of fever of 39.5° and 40°C, myalgia, intense headaches, chills, anorexia and asthenia, known as the first phase, followed by a second phase characterized by symptoms of gastrointestinal origin, while in the third and fourth phases patients present critical symptoms. One of the diagnostic methods used is RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction), being the main confirmation study for the virus, it has the advantage of obtaining the results in a period of 24 to 48 hours. Objective: describe the most frequent clinical manifestations and the most used methods for diagnosis in patients with Ebola virus infection. Original articles, systemic reviews, bibliographic and narrative reviews were included using PubMed and the Virtual Health Library and the Medline and LILACS databases as search engines. The time interval in which the search was carried out was between June and August 2022, obtaining seven articles that met the purpose of the work. Among the results for diagnosis, different tests were used, including: RT-PCR, ELISA, detection of antigens and antibodies, seroneutralization test, virus isolation by cell culture.Recibido: 15-09-2023. Aprobado: 25-10-2023. Publicado: 01-03-202
Diversificación organizacional a través de la extensión universitaria Organizational diversification through university extension
Get PDFFactores socio-alimentarios y estado nutricional en una comunidad universitaria: un estudio descriptivo en Ambato Socio-nutritional factors and nutritional status in a university community: a descriptive study in Ambato
Get PDFIntroduction: the university community exhibits unhealthy eating patterns, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and sedentary behavior, contributing to the adoption of inadequate lifestyle habits. Therefore, the objective of this study was to relate dietary factors to nutritional status. Methods: this was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of 52 adults who attended nutritional counseling at a university in Ambato. A complete history was taken, including physical activity level, physical signs, and food consumption; weight, height, circumferences, and skinfolds were measured to obtain body mass index (BMI) and assess metabolic risks, leading to a nutritional diagnosis. Variables were associated using Jamovi 2.3 via Chi-square tests. Results: the majority were students (86.5%), with 78.8% being women. 68.3% did not engage in physical activity, 7.7% consumed tobacco, and 11.5% consumed alcohol. 28.8% had personal medical history, 23.1% had surgical history, and 15.4% had allergies or intolerances. Most individuals had obesity and overweight (55.8%), cardio-metabolic risk (59.6%), and signs of malnutrition (55.8%). Protein intake was insufficient in 78.8%, carbohydrates in 51.9%, and fats in 59.6%. Significant associations were found between nutritional status and age group (p=0.033), family history (p=0.008), and cardio-metabolic risk (p<0.001); between sex and cardio-metabolic risk (p<0.001). Conclusion: it was concluded that patients attending university nutrition services are predominantly women who do not engage in physical activity, have overweight and obesity, cardio-metabolic risk, exhibit signs of malnutrition, and have insufficient intake of macronutrients. Factors related to nutritional status include age group, family history, cardio-metabolic risk, and sex.Introducción: la comunidad universitaria presenta patrones alimentarios poco saludables, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, son sedentarios, lo cual contribuye a la adopción de estilos de vida inadecuados, por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar factores socio-alimentarios con el estado nutricional. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal con una muestra no probabilística de 52 adultos que acudieron a la atención nutricional en una universidad de Ambato, se realizó un historial completo, nivel de actividad física, signos físicos, consumo alimentario; se midió peso, talla, circunferencias, pliegues para obtener índice de masa corporal, riesgos metabólicos; obteniendo un diagnóstico nutricional, se asoció variables en Jamovi 2,3 mediante Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: la mayoría son estudiantes 86,5%, mujeres 78,8%, no realizan actividad física 68,3%, consumen tabaco 7,7% y alcohol 11,5%. El 28,8% tiene antecedentes personales patológicos, 23,1% quirúrgicos, 15,4% presenta alergias o intolerancias; la mayoría tiene obesidad y sobrepeso 55,8%, riesgo cardio metabólico 59,6%, signos de malnutrición 55,8%, consumo insuficiente de proteínas 78,8% carbohidratos 51,9% y grasas 59,6%; existe una asociación significativa entre estado nutricional y grupo etario 0,033, antecedentes familiares 0,008 y riesgo cardio metabólico <0,001; entre sexo y riesgo cardio metabólico <0,001. Conclusión: se concluye que los pacientes que acuden a un servicio de nutrición universitario en su mayoría son mujeres, no realizan actividad física, tienen sobrepeso y obesidad, riesgo cardiometabólico, reflejan signos de malnutrición y presentan consumo insuficiente de macronutrientes. Los factores que se relacionan con el estado nutricional son grupo etario, antecedentes familiares y riesgo cardio metabólico y sexo. Introduction: the university community exhibits unhealthy eating patterns, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and sedentary behavior, contributing to the adoption of inadequate lifestyle habits. Therefore, the objective of this study was to relate dietary factors to nutritional status. Methods: this was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of 52 adults who attended nutritional counseling at a university in Ambato. A complete history was taken, including physical activity level, physical signs, and food consumption; weight, height, circumferences, and skinfolds were measured to obtain body mass index (BMI) and assess metabolic risks, leading to a nutritional diagnosis. Variables were associated using Jamovi 2.3 via Chi-square tests. Results: the majority were students (86.5%), with 78.8% being women. 68.3% did not engage in physical activity, 7.7% consumed tobacco, and 11.5% consumed alcohol. 28.8% had personal medical history, 23.1% had surgical history, and 15.4% had allergies or intolerances. Most individuals had obesity and overweight (55.8%), cardio-metabolic risk (59.6%), and signs of malnutrition (55.8%). Protein intake was insufficient in 78.8%, carbohydrates in 51.9%, and fats in 59.6%. Significant associations were found between nutritional status and age group (p=0.033), family history (p=0.008), and cardio-metabolic risk (p<0.001); between sex and cardio-metabolic risk (p<0.001). Conclusion: it was concluded that patients attending university nutrition services are predominantly women who do not engage in physical activity, have overweight and obesity, cardio-metabolic risk, exhibit signs of malnutrition, and have insufficient intake of macronutrients. Factors related to nutritional status include age group, family history, cardio-metabolic risk, and sex.Recibido: 30-07-2024Aceptado: 04-09-2024Publicado: 01-11-202
Talla baja asociada a dientes supernumerarios y anomalías esqueléticas como clave diagnóstica de displasia cleidocraneal en pediatría. Caso clínico. Short stature associated with supernumerary teeth and skeletal abnormalities as diagnostic key of cleidocranial dysplasia in pediatrics. Clinical case.
Get PDFCleidocranial dysplasia (OMIM #119600) is an autosomal dominant osteochondrodysplasia due to a heterozygous mutation in the RUNX2 gene. Its prevalence is 1 in 1,000,000 individuals. It can be detected in patients with short stature associated with dental alterations, craniofacial malformations and absence or hypoplasia of the clavicle. The diagnosis is corroborated with imaging and molecular studies; treatment is symptomatic, orthopedic and dental. The objective of this article is to describe a low prevalence genetic disease, its clinical characteristics and the importance of the diagnostic approach. We present a case of a male adolescent with short stature, prolonged presence of primary and supernumerary teeth, macrocephaly, frontal prominence, ocular hypertelorism, asymmetry of the thorax and extremities; positive family history; Radiological study reveals absence of clavicles and molecular study confirms cleidocranial dysplasia. The patient attended the Nutrition and Development consultation late. Exhaustive clinical history, appropriate complementary studies and timely follow-up by a multidisciplinary team are key aspects for an early diagnosis and favorable prognosisDOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/GICOS/2024.01.09.10RESUMENLa displasia cleidocraneal (OMIM #119600) es una osteocondrodisplasia de herencia autosómica dominante debida a una mutación en heterocigosis en el gen RUNX2. Su prevalencia es 1 en 1.000.000 individuos. Puede detectarse en pacientes de estatura baja asociada a alteraciones dentales, malformaciones craneofaciales y ausencia o hipoplasia de clavículas; el diagnóstico se corrobora con estudios imagenológicos y moleculares; el tratamiento es sintomático, ortopédico y dental. Objetivo: describir una enfermedad genética de baja prevalencia, sus características clínicas y la importancia de la aproximación diagnóstica. Se presenta caso de adolescente masculino con talla baja, presencia prolongada de dientes primarios y supernumerarios, macrocefalia, prominencia frontal, hipertelorismo ocular, asimetría de tórax y extremidades; antecedentes familiares positivos; estudio radiológico revela ausencia de clavículas y estudio molecular confirma la displasia cleidocraneal. El paciente asistió tardíamente a consulta de nutrición y desarrollo. La historia clínica exhaustiva, estudios complementarios adecuados y seguimiento oportuno por equipo multidisciplinario son aspectos claves para un diagnóstico precoz y pronóstico favorable.ABSTRACTCleidocranial dysplasia (OMIM #119600) is an autosomal dominant osteochondrodysplasia due to a heterozygous mutation in the RUNX2 gene. Its prevalence is 1 in 1,000,000 individuals. It can be detected in patients with short stature associated with dental alterations, craniofacial malformations and absence or hypoplasia of the clavicle. The diagnosis is corroborated with imaging and molecular studies; treatment is symptomatic, orthopedic and dental. The objective of this article is to describe a low prevalence genetic disease, its clinical characteristics and the importance of the diagnostic approach. We present a case of a male adolescent with short stature, prolonged presence of primary and supernumerary teeth, macrocephaly, frontal prominence, ocular hypertelorism, asymmetry of the thorax and extremities; positive family history; Radiological study reveals absence of clavicles and molecular study confirms cleidocranial dysplasia. The patient attended the Nutrition and Development consultation late. Exhaustive clinical history, appropriate complementary studies and timely follow-up by a multidisciplinary team are key aspects for an early diagnosis and favorable prognosis.Recibido: 15-01-2023. Aprobado: 21-02-2023. Publicado: 01-03-202
Convocatoria a las IV Jornadas en Bioestadística Educativa e Investigación en Salud Call for the IV conference on educational biostatistics and health research
Get PDFLa Agresión Verbal en la Práctica del Acoso Escolar: Violación de un Derecho humano
Get PDFAmong the types of bullying, verbal aggression is the statistically most prevalent. Therefore, the present work consisted of studying the verbal aggression in the practice of bullying as a violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in its article 12, which says that "no one will be subject to attacks on his honor or reputation. Every person will have the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks" Within this context, the legal and social effect that this practice has on adolescents is reviewed, as well as the legal provisions applicable to the criminal responsibility of adolescents and, finally, the influence of society and culture on the practice of bullying.Entre los tipos de acoso escolar, la agresión verbal es el estadísticamente más predominante. Por ello, el presente trabajo consistió en estudiar la agresión verbal en la práctica del acoso escolar como una violación a la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, en su artículo 12, el cual dice que “nadie será objeto de ataques a su honra o reputación. Toda persona tendrá derecho a la protección de la ley contra tales injerencias o ataques”. Dentro de este contexto, se revisa el efecto jurídico y social que esta práctica tiene sobre los adolescentes, las disposiciones jurídicas aplicables a la responsabilidad penal de los adolescentes y, finalmente, se revisa la influencia que tiene la sociedad y la cultura sobre la práctica del acoso escolar.Recibido: 12-04-2023Aceptado: 30-07-202
Representation of the teacher in the venezuelan educational system in the current moments of great digital transformations
No full textLa educación es la parte de la gestión educativa en la cual el docente representa el sujeto promotor, mediador y facilitador del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, por cuanto facilita y motiva tanto la innovación como los cambios permanentes dentro del quehacer educativo que requiere aprovechar al máximo el potencial de los educandos, con el propósito de lograr los contenidos propuestos sin mayores dificultades. Bajo este contexto, el artículo tuvo como objetivo, analizar la representación del docente en el sistema educativo venezolano ante los momentos actuales de grandes transformaciones dentro de la era digital. Por ello, se enmarcó bajo el paradigma cualitativo, enfocado en una investigación del tipo documental, cuyo procedimiento metodológico implicó la recopilación de información mediante fuentes de información primarias enfocadas en la adopción de nuevas tecnologías como estrategias pedagógicas para el desarrollo de habilidades digitales, así como la transformación de las prácticas de enseñanza, la colaboración y el liderazgo de todos los involucrados en el sistema educativo. Finalmente, se concluyó que el profesional educativo, necesita adaptarse y actualizarse para modelar su representación docente dirigida a la comprensión, apropiación y reinvención de su praxis educativa, que incluya tanto el trabajo participativo como el colaborativo, donde la constante transformación digital sirva de apoyo al proceso de enseñanza para que genere aprendizajes significativos.Recibido 01/07/2024Aceptado 23/08/2024Education is the part of educational management in which the teacher represents the promoter, mediator and facilitator of the teaching and learning process, since it facilitates and motivates both innovation and permanent changes within the educational task that requires making the most of it. the potential of the students, with the purpose of achieving the proposed contents without major difficulties. In this context, the article had the objective of analyzing the representation of the teacher in the Venezuelan educational system in the current moments of great transformations within the digital age. For this reason, it was framed under the qualitative paradigm, focused on documentary-type research, whose methodological procedure involved the collection of information through primary information sources focused on the adoption of new technologies as pedagogical strategies for the development of digital skills, as well as the transformation of teaching practices, collaboration and leadership of all those involved in the educational system. Finally, it was concluded that the educational professional needs to adapt and update himself to model his teaching representation aimed at understanding, appropriation and reinvention of his educational praxis, which includes both participatory and collaborative work, where the constant digital transformation supports the teaching process to generate meaningful learning
Juan Pablo Peñaloza: Político y militar tachirense
Get PDFThe Tachira study, from a political and military perspective, allows us to investigate the political-military confrontations that occurred during the 19th century. For this reason, this research intends to carry out a historical analysis of the life and trajectory of Juan Pablo Peñaloza, political and military of the Yellow Liberal Party. The study is oriented to the analysis of its political and military participation at the end of the XIX century and first decade of the XX, with the purpose of describing the influence of this caudillo in the configuration of the political culture of the development of the Táchira, before the fracture of the alliance of the privileged classes, who directed the Venezuelan State from 1830. The political history of Táchira is also the fundamental basis for understanding historical facts, based on the analysis of concrete realities of the different districts and municipalities that dynamized to nineteenth-century Venezuela, and its impact on the process of state formation, through the political pretensions of Táchiran governments and leaders, belonging to different political groups (conservatives and liberals) that developed clashes, pacts and civic-military alliances.El estudio de Táchira, desde una perspectiva política y militar, nos permite investigar los enfrentamientos político-militares que ocurrieron durante el siglo XIX. Por este motivo, esta investigación pretende realizar un análisis histórico de la vida y trayectoria de Juan Pablo Peñaloza, político y militar del Partido Liberal Amarillo. El estudio está orientado al análisis de su participación política y militar a fines del siglo XIX y primera década del XX, con el propósito de describir la influencia de este caudillo en la configuración de la cultura política del desarrollo del Táchira , antes de la fractura de la alianza de las clases privilegiadas, que dirigió el Estado venezolano desde 1830. La historia política de Táchira es también la base fundamental para entender hechos históricos, a partir del análisis de realidades concretas de los diferentes distritos y municipios que dinamizaron a la Venezuela del siglo XIX, y su impacto en el proceso de formación del estado, a través de las pretensiones políticas de los gobiernos y líderes del Táchira, pertenecientes a diferentes grupos políticos (conservadores y liberales) que desarrollaron choques, pactos y alianzas cívico-militares. Recibido: 19 de junio de 2015Aceptado para su publicación: 29 de noviembre de 201