e-revistas (Universidad de Los Andes)
Not a member yet
17192 research outputs found
Sort by
Diagnóstico do vínculo entre a superfície agrícola e a diversidade cultivadano Pampa Austral, Argentina
No full texthttps://doi.org/10.53766/RGV/2024.64.2.03Se planteó como objetivos: a) analizar la variación de la superficie sembrada de los principales cultivos agrícolas y de la equitatividad presente en la Pampa Austral (PA), entre las campañas 1995/96 y 2020/21, y b) analizar dicha variación hacia el interior de la región entre los períodos 1995/96-2002/03 y 2002/03-2020/21 y determinar si los cambios en la superficie sembrada total (SST) fortalecieron la equitatividad o profundizaron la inequitatividad. Se sistematizaron y analizaron datos sobre la superficie sembrada con los principales cultivos agrícolas y se aplicó un índice de equitatividad. La PA manifestó un crecimiento de la SST entre 1995/96 y 2020/21, acompañado por un aumento de la equitatividad, demostrando una disminución en la brecha entre el cultivo principal y los restantes; observándose la misma tendencia en la mayoría de los partidos. Estos resultados exhibieron un incremento en la diversidad cultivada del área y conforman una primera aproximación para su análisis.Recibido: febrero, 2023 / Aceptado: mayo, 2023 htpps://doi.org/10.53766/RGV/2024.64.2.03The objectives were: a) to analyze the variation in the sown area of the main agricultural crops and the evenness present in the Southern Pampas (PA) between 1995/96 and 2020/21 and b) to analyze this variation within the region between 1995/96-2002/03 and 2002/03-2020/21 and to determine whether the changes in the total sown area (SST) strengthened evenness or deepened unevenness. Data on the main agricultural crops sown area were systematized and analyzed and an evenness index was applied. PA manifested a growth in SST between 1995/96 and 2020/21, along with an increase in evenness, showing a decrease in the gap between the main crop and the remaining ones; the same trend was observed in most of the counties. These results showed an increase in the cultivated diversity of the area and represent a preliminary approximation for its analysis. htpps://doi.org/10.53766/RGV/2024.64.2.03Este artigo teve como objetivos: a) analisar a variação da área semeada com as principais culturas agrícolas e a equidade presente no Pampa Austral (PA), entre as safras 1995/96 e 2020/21; e b) analisar essa variação dentro da região entre os períodos 1995/96-2002/03 e 2002/03-2020/21 e determinar se as mudanças na área total semeada (TSA) fortaleceram a equidade ou aprofundaram a iniquidade. Os dados sobre a área semeada com as principais culturas agrícolas foram sistematizados e analisados, e um índice de equidade foi aplicado. O PA mostrou um aumento do TSS entre 1995/96 e 2020/21, acompanhado de um aumento na equidade, demonstrando uma diminuição na diferença entre a cultura principal e as demais culturas; e a mesma tendência foi observada na maioria dos municípios. Esses resultados mostraram um aumento na diversidade da área cultivada e oferecem uma primeira aproximação para análise.
Contribuições do aerolevantamento de precisão no diagnóstico territorial de zonas de comunidades tradicionais Caiçaras
No full texthttps://doi.org/10.53766/RGV/2024.65.1.02Precision aerial surveying is a high-accuracy mapping technique capable of resulting in several products, mainly associated with topography techniques. Thus, it was the technique chosen to carry out the diagnosis of the current territory of traditional communities on the North Coast of Paraná, with a view to regularizing their lands and guaranteeing their rights. However, due to the aerial survey being carried out in traditional communities and in the coastal region, a series of specificities arise to be analyzed in order to guarantee the quality of the cartographic products. With this, the present work aims to explain how the aerial survey can contribute to the diagnosis of each community, the necessary steps to apply this technique in the study area, how the specificities of the traditional and coastal territory were resolved. Thus, it was concluded that the aerial survey was presented as a tool with a high capacity to contribute to the diagnosis of the territory, however, it must be accompanied by other stages of social monitoring for its implementation, as well as being associated with legal instruments to beefficient in the territorial regularization.https://doi.org/10.53766/RGV/2024.65.1.02El levantamiento aéreo es una técnica que puede generar varios productos, principalmente asociados a técnicas topográficas. Se eligió para efectuar el diagnóstico territorial de las comunidades caiçaras de la costa norte de Paraná. Sin embargo, debido a que el levantamiento aéreo se realizó en comunidades tradicionales y en la región costera, existen una serie de especificidades que deben analizarse para garantizar la calidad de los productos cartográficos. Por esto, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo explicar cómo el levantamiento aéreo puede contribuir al diagnóstico de cada comunidad, los pasos necesarios para aplicar esta técnica en el área de estudio, cómo se resolvieron las especificidades del territorio tradicional y costero. Se concluyó que el levantamiento aéreo es una herramienta con alta capacidad para contribuir con el diagnóstico del territorio, pero acompañado de otras etapas de monitoreo social para su realización, así como estar asociado a instrumentos jurídicos para ser eficiente en la regularización territorial.https://doi.org/10.53766/RGV/2024.65.1.02O aerolevantamento é uma técnica de mapeamento capaz de resultar diversos produtos, principalmente estando associado a técnicas de topografia. Assim, foi escolhida para realizar o diagnóstico territorial de comunidades caiçaras do litoral norte paranaense. Todavia, devido ao aerolevantamento ser efetivado em comunidades tradicionais e em região litorânea, surge uma série de especificidades a serem analisadas para se garantir a qualidade dos produtos cartográficos. Com isso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo explicar como o aerolevantamento pode contribuir no diagnóstico de cada comunidade, as etapas necessárias para aplicar essa técnica na área de estudo, como foram resolvidas as especificidades do território tradicional e litorâneo. Assim, chegou-se à conclusão de que o aerolevantamento se apresentou como ferramenta com alta capacidade de contribuir no diagnóstico do território, todavia deve estar acompanhado de outras etapas de acompanhamento social para sua realização, bem como estar associado aos instrumentos jurídicos para ser eficiente na regularização territorial
A nova geografia do poder global: do ciclo dos Estados Unidos ao século asiático
No full textThe beginning of the twenty-first century is characterized by profound and complex changes that promise to restructure the old order erected in the twentieth century. In that sense, the crisis of Western capitalism, the decline of US hegemony, and the consolidation of China as the main engine of the economy combine in the birth of a new geography of world power, whose pulsing center moves to the east. The objective of this text is to construct an interpretation about the new geopolitical and geoeconomic configuration that is being gestated. To do this, we incorporate authors, concepts and theories linked to different currents of critical thinking, especially in the field of human geography, contemporary history, geopolitics, political economy, sociology, and international relations. At the same time, we occupy data and references withdrawn from studies, official reports, reports, talks and other types of secondary sources. El comienzo del siglo XXI se caracteriza por profundos y complejos cambios que prometen reestructurar el viejo orden erigido en el siglo XX. En ese sentido, la crisis del capitalismo occidental, la decadencia de la hegemonía estadounidense y la consolidación de China como principal motor de la economía, se combinan para el nacimiento de una nueva geografía del poder mundial, cuyo centro pulsante se desplaza al oriente. El objetivo de este texto es construir una interpretación acerca de la nueva configuración geopolítica y geoeconómica que está siendo gestada. Para ello, incorporamos autores, conceptos y teorías vinculados a diferentes corrientes del pensamiento crítico, especialmente en el campo de la geografía humana, de la historia contemporánea, de la geopolítica, de la economía política, de la sociología y de las relaciones internacionales. Al mismo tiempo, ocupamos datos y referencias procedentes de estudios, informes oficiales, reportajes, charlas y otros tipos de fuentes secundarias. O começo do século XXI se caracteriza por profundos e complexas transformações que prometem alterar a velha ordem erigida no século XX. Neste sentido, a crise do capitalismo ocidental, a decadência da hegemonia estadunidense, e a consolidação de China como principal motor da economia global se combinam no nascimento de uma nova geografia do poder mundial, cujo centro pulsante se translada ao oriente. O objetivo deste texto é construir uma interpretação acerca da nova configuração geopolítica e geoeconômica que está sendo gestada. Para isso, incorporamos autores, conceitos e teorias vinculados a diferentes correntes do pensamento crítico, especialmente no campo da geografia humana, da história contemporânea, da geopolítica, da economia política, da sociologia e das relações internacionais. Ao mesmo tempo, ocupamos dados e referencias procedentes de estudos, informes oficiais, reportagens, palestras, e outros tipos de fontes secundarias.
O papel do território e da política territorial na estratégia de recuperação, transformação e resiliência
No full textSEE FULL TEXT IN THE PDFVER TEXTO COMPLETO EN EL PDFVEJA O TEXTO COMPLETO NO PD
Factores de riesgo de caries dental en niños preescolares con fisura de labio y paladar Risk factors of dental caries in preschool children with cleft lip and palate
Get PDFObjective: Identify the risk factors of dental caries in preschool children with cleft lip and palate. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study of pediatric patients of the pediatric dentistry service of the Qorito Non-Governmental Organization for cleft lip and palate patients in Lima, Peru. 70 Cleft Lip Palate (CLP) children aged 3–6 years were enrolled. The analyzed variables were dental caries, oral hygiene, diet, type of cleft, sex, and age. The applied analyses were Spearman’s correlation, Chi-squared test, and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in CLP children was 92,9%. The index that encodes the deciduous teeth with dental caries damages (dmf) with white spots as decayed, extracted, and obturated was used. Furthermore, it was found that the type of fissure is a risk factor for dental caries with an (OR) of 3.15. Conclusion: Dental caries has a significant relationship with poor oral hygiene. In turn, children with cleft lip and palate with good oral hygiene were less likely to develop dental cavities than those with poor oral hygiene.DOI:https://doi.org/10.53766/GICOS/2024.09.02.02RESUMENObjetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo de caries dental en niños preescolares con labio y paladar fisurado. Metodología: estudio de tipo analítico transversal donde participaron 70 niños de 3 a 6 años con FLAP que fueron atendidos por el servicio de odontopediatría de la Organización No Gubernamental Qorito (Lima-Perú), de enero a diciembre del 2022. Las variables analizadas fueron caries dental, higiene oral, dieta, tipo de fisura, sexo, edad. Los análisis aplicados fueron la evaluación de Spearman, la prueba de Chi cuadrado y la regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: la prevalencia de caries dental en niños con FLAP fue del 92,9%. Para esto se empleó un índice que codifica los dientes deciduos como cariados, extraídos y obturados (CEOD) con manchas blancas. Además, se encontró que el tipo de fisura es un factor de riesgo para la caries dental con un (OR) de 3,15. Conclusión: la caries dental tiene una relación significativa con una deficiente higiene oral. A su vez, los niños con labio y paladar fisurado con una buena higiene oral tenían menos probabilidades de desarrollar caries dental que aquellos con una higiene oral deficiente.ABSTRACTObjective: Identify the risk factors of dental caries in preschool children with cleft lip and palate. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study of pediatric patients of the pediatric dentistry service of the Qorito Non-Governmental Organization for cleft lip and palate patients in Lima, Peru. 70 Cleft Lip Palate (CLP) children aged 3–6 years were enrolled. The analyzed variables were dental caries, oral hygiene, diet, type of cleft, sex, and age. The applied analyses were Spearman’s correlation, Chi-squared test, and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in CLP children was 92,9%. The index that encodes the deciduous teeth with dental caries damages (dmf) with white spots as decayed, extracted, and obturated was used. Furthermore, it was found that the type of fissure is a risk factor for dental caries with an (OR) of 3.15. Conclusion: Dental caries has a significant relationship with poor oral hygiene. In turn, children with cleft lip and palate with good oral hygiene were less likely to develop dental cavities than those with poor oral hygiene.Recibido: 03-03-2024Aprobado: 05-04-2024Publicado: 25-05-202
Eficacia del apósito natural versus convencional en cicatrización de leishmaniasis cutánea. Mérida, 2024 Effectiveness of the natural dressing vs conventional dressing in healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Merida, 2024
Get PDFLocalized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) is a global public health problem and is classified as a Neglected Infectious Disease. In Venezuela, it is predominantly rural and has low social conditions. At the global, regional and local level, the therapeutic approach is clearly antiparasitic with antimonials, with access, cost, therapeutic response and side effects that are not encouraging. The ulcer as a “felt need” is relegated to management by the (doctor, nurse) who faces resource deficiencies, procedural variability, low-value care due to Dry Cure, even with iatrogenesis. Facts that highlight the socio-anthropological space, that is, perceptions and beliefs (popular knowledge) frequently “distorted”, make the proper management of ulcers and parasite control a real challenge. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports the search for new therapies, with Wet Cure being the current scientific approach to cutaneous healing, a medical device for covering the ulcerated bed is proposed. Objective: To determine the efficacy of Natural Dressing (NA) versus Conventional Dressing (CD) in the healing of LCL. Methodology: an experimental study (Phase III), randomized, double-blind was designed in LCL in the state of Merida (Venezuela). Data were analyzed with Epidat 3.1 and SPSS 20; the sample size was calculated (99% confidence interval). Results: significant differences were found in the healing rates of NA and its comparison variables, with no side effects, allowing a good quality of life. Conclusion: NA is effective in the healing of LCL and given its significant clinical-therapeutic benefits, it is considered the tool of choice in the management of these ulcers.La Leishmaniasis Cutánea Localizada (LCL) es un problema de salud pública mundial y catalogada Enfermedad Infecciosa Desatendida, en Venezuela es de predominio rural y bajas condiciones sociales. A nivel mundial, regional y local el enfoque terapéutico es netamente antiparasitario en con antimoniales con acceso, costo, respuesta terapéutica y efectos secundarios no alentadores. La úlcera como “necesidad sentida” queda en relego de manejo entre el (médico, enfermera) que enfrenta deficiencias de recursos, variabilidad procedimental, atención de bajo valor por la Cura Seca hasta incluso con iatrogenia. Hechos que hacen relucir el espacio socioantropológico, o sea las percepciones y creencias (saber popular) frecuentemente “tergiversados”, hacen el manejo de úlceras propiamente y control parasitario un verdadero reto. En respuesta, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) auspicia buscar nuevas terapéuticas, siendo la Cura Húmeda el actual enfoque científico en cicatrización cutánea, se plantea un dispositivo médico de cubrimiento al lecho úlcerado. Objetivo: determinar la eficacia del Apósito Natural (AN) versus el Apósito Convencional (AC) en la curación de LCL. Metodología: estudio experimental (Fase III), aleatorio, doble ciego en LCL del estado Mérida (Venezuela). Datos se analizan con Epidat 3.1 y SPSS 20; calculo del tamaño muestral (99 % de confianza). Resultados: se halla diferencias significativas al AN en las tasas de curación y sus variables de comparación, sin efectos secundarios, permitiendo buena calidad de vida. Conclusión: el AN posee eficacia para la curación de LCL y dada la significativa bondad clínico – terapéutica se plantea como herramienta de elección en el manejo de estas úlceras.Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) is a global public health problem and is classified as a Neglected Infectious Disease. In Venezuela, it is predominantly rural and has low social conditions. At the global, regional and local level, the therapeutic approach is clearly antiparasitic with antimonials, with access, cost, therapeutic response and side effects that are not encouraging. The ulcer as a “felt need” is relegated to management by the (doctor, nurse) who faces resource deficiencies, procedural variability, low-value care due to Dry Cure, even with iatrogenesis. Facts that highlight the socio-anthropological space, that is, perceptions and beliefs (popular knowledge) frequently “distorted”, make the proper management of ulcers and parasite control a real challenge. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports the search for new therapies, with Wet Cure being the current scientific approach to cutaneous healing, a medical device for covering the ulcerated bed is proposed. Objective: To determine the efficacy of Natural Dressing (NA) versus Conventional Dressing (CD) in the healing of LCL. Methodology: an experimental study (Phase III), randomized, double-blind was designed in LCL in the state of Merida (Venezuela). Data were analyzed with Epidat 3.1 and SPSS 20; the sample size was calculated (99% confidence interval). Results: significant differences were found in the healing rates of NA and its comparison variables, with no side effects, allowing a good quality of life. Conclusion: NA is effective in the healing of LCL and given its significant clinical-therapeutic benefits, it is considered the tool of choice in the management of these ulcers.Recibido: 20-08-2024Aceptado: 28-09-2024Publicado: 01-11-202
Fenotipificación del antigeno diego(a) en la comunidad Aimara, ciudad de Gosen, Lima 2023 Phenotypification of the diego(a) antigen in the Aimara community, city of Gosen, Lima 2023
Get PDFObjective: to estimate the prevalence of the Diego(a) phenotype, and its relationship with the ABO/RH blood group, gender, age and alloimmunization against said antigen in Aymara residents of the city of Gosen, Lima 2023. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional study, recruiting Aymara residents who were summoned in prior sensitization and invited individually or as a family, for phenotyping of the Diego(a) antigen regardless of age, gender, examining citrated whole blood and typing by microagglutination by Gel and recording in the blood phenotyping sheet. Results: 125 Aymara residents were typed, of which 16.8% (21) presented the Diego(a) antigen, the relationship with the ABO system, expressed a simultaneity of the Diego(a) antigen and group O in up to 86.4%, followed of A 8.8% and B with 4.8% respectively, while with the RH system, all were positive (100%). Its gender distribution was found in 10.4% males (n=21), and 6.4% females (n=21). According to the age groups, the highest percentage was in the age group of 40 or older, 7.2% (n=9). Alloimmunization by transfusion represented 0.8% and in terms of men it means 1.6%. Conclusions: the prevalence of the Diego(a) antigen in Aymara residents was approximately 17 out of every 100, it was related to group O RH positive, the presence of the Diego(a) antigen was greater in men; in age over 40 years and in relation to alloimmunization it represented a very low percentage according to transfusion history.Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia del fenotipo Diego(a), y su relación con el grupo sanguíneo ABO/RH, género, edad y aloinmunización contra dicho antígeno en pobladores aimaras de ciudad de Gosen, Lima 2023. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, reclutándose 125 pobladores aimaras que fueron convocados en previa sensibilización e invitados individualmente o familiar, para fenotipificación del antígeno Diego(a) independientemente de edad, género. Resultados: se tipificaron 125 pobladores aimaras, de los cuales el 16.8% (21) presentaron el antígeno Diego(a), la relación con el sistema ABO, expresó una simultaneidad del antígeno Diego(a) y grupo O hasta en un 86.4%, seguido del A 8.8% y B con 4.8% respectivamente, en tanto con el sistema RH, todos fueron positivos (100%). Su distribución por género se encontró en varones 10.4% (n=21), y en femenino 6.4%, (n=21). Según los grupos etarios, resultó el mayor porcentaje en el grupo etario de 40 a más años 7.2% (n=9). La aloinmunización por transfusión representó el 0.8% y en razón a varones significa el 1.6%. Conclusiones: la prevalencia del antígeno Diego(a) en pobladores aimaras fue aproximadamente 17 de cada 100, se relacionó con el grupo O RH positivo, su presencia del antígeno Diego(a) fue mayor en varones; en edad mayores a 40 años y en relación a aloinmunización representó un muy bajo porcentaje según antecedente transfusional.ABSTRACTObjective: to estimate the prevalence of the Diego(a) phenotype, and its relationship with the ABO/RH blood group, gender, age and alloimmunization against said antigen in Aymara residents of the city of Gosen, Lima 2023. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional study, recruiting Aymara residents who were summoned in prior sensitization and invited individually or as a family, for phenotyping of the Diego(a) antigen regardless of age, gender, examining citrated whole blood and typing by microagglutination by Gel and recording in the blood phenotyping sheet. Results: 125 Aymara residents were typed, of which 16.8% (21) presented the Diego(a) antigen, the relationship with the ABO system, expressed a simultaneity of the Diego(a) antigen and group O in up to 86.4%, followed of A 8.8% and B with 4.8% respectively, while with the RH system, all were positive (100%). Its gender distribution was found in 10.4% males (n=21), and 6.4% females (n=21). According to the age groups, the highest percentage was in the age group of 40 or older, 7.2% (n=9). Alloimmunization by transfusion represented 0.8% and in terms of men it means 1.6%. Conclusions: the prevalence of the Diego(a) antigen in Aymara residents was approximately 17 out of every 100, it was related to group O RH positive, the presence of the Diego(a) antigen was greater in men; in age over 40 years and in relation to alloimmunization it represented a very low percentage according to transfusion history.Recibido: 10-05-2024Aprobado: 08-07-2024Publicado: 01-11-202
El Nuevo Régimen de Capitulaciones Matrimoniales según la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia. Caso de estudio: Sentencia N° 0652 del 26 de noviembre de 2021 de la Sala Constitucional
Get PDFRecibido: 10 de febrero 2023Aceptado: 15 de marzo de 202
El cigarrillo electrónico y su impacto en la cavidad bucal. Revisión de literatura
Get PDFThe electronic cigarette (e-cig) is a conventional cigarette-shaped device that releases certain doses of nicotine vapors through an electronic heating process. Since their introduction in 2003, e-cigarettes have become widely available and their use has increased exponentially around the world; These e-cigs are aggressively promoted as a smoking cessation aid, selling themselves as healthier, cheaper and more socially acceptable than conventional cigarettes; However, in recent years, these statements have been evaluated in numerous studies, so little is known about their impact on general health and therefore their impact at the oral level. The objective of this review is to present the impact of the use of electronic cigarettes on oral health since it is the first and one of the most affected systems of the human body. The oral cavity is extremely exposed to the potentially harmful effects of electronic cigarettes and may be related to serious health problems, such as oral cancer; However, there are many unknown aspects related to the long-term effects of these e-cigs, and a better understanding of these effects can increase awareness of the general population, but also help specialists in the monitoring and treatment of patients.El cigarrillo electrónico (e-cig) es un dispositivo con forma de cigarrillo convencional que libera determinadas dosis de vapores de nicotina a través de un proceso de calentamiento electrónico. Desde su aparición en 2003, los cigarrillos electrónicos se han vuelto ampliamente disponibles y su uso ha aumentado exponencialmente en todo el mundo; estos e-cig se promocionan agresivamente como coadayudante para dejar de fumar vendiendose como más saludables, más baratos y socialmente más aceptables que los cigarrillos convencionales; sin embargo, en los últimos años, estas afirmaciones han sido evaluadas en numerosos estudios, por lo que se sabe poco sobre su impacto en la salud general y por ende su repercusión al nivel bucal. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer el impacto del uso de cigarrillos electrónicos en la salud bucal ya que la misma es el primero y uno de los sistemas más afectados del cuerpo humano. La cavidad bucal está extremadamente expuesta a los efectos potencialmente dañinos de los cigarrillos electrónicos y puede estar relacionado con problemas de salud graves, como lo es el cáncer bucal; sin embargo hay muchos aspectos desconocidos relacionados con los efectos a largo plazo de estos e cigs, y una mejor comprensión de estos efectos puede aumentar la concienciación de la población general, pero también ayudar a los especialistas en el seguimiento y tratamiento de los pacientes.Recibido: 21-9-23 / Aceptado: 18-12-2