Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de Alicante
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A práxis da enfermagem à luz do modelo de sistemas de cuidados na Covid-19 longa em países lusófonos
No full textO presente ensaio propõe uma reflexão sobre a práxis de enfermagem sob o modelo dos sistemas de cuidado tendo em vista a síndrome da Covid-19 longa em países lusófonos. Deste modo, buscou-se problematizar ações ligadas ao cuidado e as diferentes facetas da assistência por meio dos pressupostos teóricos do modelo de sistemas. A partir desta faceta entende-se que os pontos ligados à prática do enfermeiro envolvem questões éticas, científicas e políticas acerca do trabalho de enfermagem em períodos de crise sanitária, especialmente, na Covid-19 longa. Se faz primordial, portanto, investir em ações programáticas de formação seja com a educação em saúde, formação profissional ou investimento sanitário visando o equilíbrio de um sistema holístico em saúde
Resenha de capítulo: O método de pesquisa em etnoenfermagem
No full textJuan Daniel Suárez-Máximo escribe una reseña sobre el capitulo 2 del libro de Marilyn R. McFarland, Hiba B. Wehbe-Alamah “Leininger\u27s Culture Care Diversity and Universality A Worldwide Nursing Theory”, de la editorial Jones & Bartlett Learning, con la fecha de publicación del 2014
Institutionalization of Psychiatric Nursing Care in a city in northeastern Brazil
No full textBrazilian psychiatric care began in the Santas Casas de Misericórdia until the emergence of psychiatric hospitals. The aims of this study were to identify traces of nursing care in psychiatry in the first institutions created in the state of Piauí, in northeastern Brazil, and to analyze their relationship with the institutionalization of this group in the first half of the 20th century. This is a qualitative, social-historical study, using data published in the news media and collected from Brazilian public archives. The analysis, under the Foucauldian theoretical framework, followed the methodology of triangulation of sources and data interpretation. Results: two institutions started psychiatric care in the state: the Asylo de Alienados, a public institution created in 1907, and the Sanatório Meduna, a private institution opened in 1954. Despite the 47-year gap between these institutions, both instituted the asylum model, whose care practice included long periods of hospitalization and disciplinary treatment. This model opened up the job market for psychiatric nursing, which initially consisted of people with no formal training, due to the lack of nursing courses in the state. Conclusion: Nursing care in psychiatry was institutionalized in Piauí/Brazil according to traditional psychiatry, and the lack of nursing knowledge placed it in a position of submission to medical power, with little progress in the first half of the 20th century.A assistência psiquiátrica brasileira começou nas Santas Casas de Misericórdia até o surgimento dos hospitais psiquiátricos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar vestígios do cuidado de enfermagem em psiquiatria nas primeiras instituições criadas no estado do Piauí, região Nordeste do Brasil e analisar suas relações com a institucionalização deste grupo na primeira metade do século XX. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, histórico social, com dados publicados na mídia jornalística, coletados em arquivos públicos brasileiros. A análise, sob o referencial teórico foucaultiano, seguiu a metodologia de triangulação das fontes e interpretação de dados. Resultados: duas instituições iniciaram a assistência psiquiátrica no estado: o Asylo de Alienados, instituição pública criada em 1907, e o Sanatório Meduna, instituição privada inaugurada em 1954. Apesar do intervalo de 47 anos entre tais instituições, ambas instituíram o modelo manicomial, cuja prática assistencial incluía longos períodos de internação e tratamento disciplinar. Tal modelo abriu o mercado de trabalho para a enfermagem em psiquiatria, que se constituiu inicialmente de pessoas sem preparo formal, devido a inexistência de cursos de enfermagem no estado. Conclusão: o cuidado de enfermagem em psiquiatria foi institucionalizado no Piauí/Brasil de acordo com a psiquiatria tradicional e a ausência de um saber próprio da enfermagem a colocou em condições de submissão ao poder médico, com poucos avanços na primeira metade do século XX. A assistência psiquiátrica brasileira começou nas Santas Casas de Misericórdia até o surgimento dos hospitais psiquiátricos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar vestígios do cuidado de enfermagem em psiquiatria nas primeiras instituições criadas no estado do Piauí, região Nordeste do Brasil e analisar suas relações com a institucionalização deste grupo na primeira metade do século XX. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, histórico-social, com dados publicados na mídia jornalística, coletados em arquivos públicos brasileiros. A análise, sob o referencial teórico foucaultiano, seguiu a metodologia de triangulação das fontes e interpretação de dados. Resultados: duas instituições iniciaram a assistência psiquiátrica no estado: o Asylo de Alienados, instituição pública criada em 1907, e o Sanatório Meduna, instituição privada inaugurada em 1954. Apesar do intervalo de 47 anos entre tais instituições, ambas instituíram o modelo manicomial, cuja prática assistencial incluía longos períodos de internação e tratamento disciplinar. Tal modelo abriu o mercado de trabalho para a enfermagem em psiquiatria, que se constituiu inicialmente de pessoas sem preparo formal, devido a inexistência de cursos de enfermagem no estado. Conclusão: o cuidado de enfermagem em psiquiatria foi institucionalizado no Piauí/Brasil de acordo com a psiquiatria tradicional e a ausência de um saber próprio da enfermagem a colocou em condições de submissão ao poder médico, com poucos avanços na primeira metade do século XX.
 
Más allá de la ventana: incidencia del entorno visual de las viviendas en la restauración psicológica durante episodios de confinamiento
No full textThis study analyzes the degree of influence of various housing characteristics, especially the restorative capacity of the landscape observed from within the home, on the psychological distress experienced during situations of residential immobility. The methodology is based on an online survey conducted during the home confinement imposed by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The survey considered spatial variables such as location, dwelling size, and the subjective assessment of the visible landscape from the home. The statistical analysis is structured into three levels: first, contingency tables and chi-square tests were used to explore marginal associations and to build profiles based on demographic and environmental variables related to the presence of negative emotions; second, a decision tree was employed to identify combinations of factors that explain complex response patterns; finally, a multiple logistic regression model was applied to quantify individual and interactive effects using statistical significance measures and odds ratios. The results show that young people and those who did not previously value the view from their home were the most emotionally affected, whereas having a larger dwelling helped mitigate this impact. Furthermore, a positive assessment of the landscape observed from the home is associated with greater psychological restoration. These findings reinforce the importance of territorial planning and urban design in shaping quality of life, emphasizing the need to integrate landscape considerations into territorial and urban development strategies. The research provides evidence on how spatial elements influence people’s perception and well-being, highlighting the fundamental role of Geography in studying the interaction between individuals and their built environment.Este estudio analiza el grado de influencia de diversas características habitacionales —especialmente la capacidad restauradora del paisaje observado desde las viviendas— en el malestar psicológico generado en situaciones de inmovilidad domiciliaria. La metodología parte de una encuesta online realizada durante el confinamiento domiciliario ocasionado por la enfermedad por Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). En ella se consideraron variables espaciales como la localización, la amplitud de la vivienda y la valoración subjetiva del paisaje visible desde la vivienda. El análisis estadístico se estructura en tres niveles: primero, mediante tablas de contingencia y test chi-cuadrado, explorando asociaciones marginales y construyendo perfiles en función de variables demográficas y ambientales relacionadas con la presencia de sentimientos negativos; posteriormente, se emplea un árbol de decisión para detectar combinaciones de factores que explican patrones de respuesta complejos; finalmente, se ajusta un modelo de regresión logística múltiple para cuantificar los efectos individuales e interactivos mediante medidas de significación estadística y odds ratios. Los resultados muestran que las personas jóvenes y aquellas que no valoraban previamente las vistas desde su vivienda fueron las más afectadas en términos emocionales, mientras que el hecho de disponer de una vivienda más amplia ayudó a reducir ese impacto. Además, la valoración positiva del paisaje observado desde el domicilio está relacionada con una mayor restauración psicológica. Estas conclusiones refuerzan la importancia de la planificación territorial y del diseño urbanístico en la calidad de vida, destacando la necesidad de integrar el paisaje en las estrategias de ordenación del territorio y desarrollo urbano. La investigación aporta evidencia sobre cómo los elementos espaciales influyen en la percepción y el bienestar de la población, destacando el papel fundamental de la Geografía en el estudio de la interacción entre las personas y su entorno construido
Problematizing the Fantasy of the Good Life in Akhil Sharma’s Family Life (2014) and Gary Shteyngart’s Little Failure (2014)
No full textThe American Dream is a potent if illusive idea which is frequently evoked, yet hard to define. In common parlance, it is associated with upward mobility and thus with what Lauren Berlant (2011) terms “a fantasy of the good life.” While the Dream is said to be possible within the framework of American meritocracy—where economic outcomes and social status are meant to reflect individual achievement rather than inherited privilege—there is a caveat to it. The responsibility for fulfilling the Dream lies with the individual, who is expected to make the good life for themselves through industry and effort. There is something cruel in the optimism that drives the Dream and the system which it underwrites (Berlant 2011), for its insistence on individual responsibility makes little room for trauma, precarity, bad luck—forces that disrupt the linearity and onwardness that the Dream presupposes. It is precisely this tension between the promise and the lived experience that this article is interested in. To this purpose, it explores Akhil Sharma’s semi-autobiographical Family Life (2014) and Gary Shteyngart’s memoir Little Failure (2014), focusing on those moments in their narratives when the fantasy of the good life and the life itself collide. Despite being strikingly different in style, both works expose the good life myth as contingent upon the factors beyond the characters’ volition, problematizing the meritocratic ideal in the process. Moreover, by adopting the perspective of child immigrants, Sharma and Shteyngart provide intimate insights into immigrant households, where the weight of failed expectations materializes in conflict and trauma, which, especially in Sharma’s work, call into question the cost of the fantasy which has driven the emigration. Ultimately, these coming-of-age stories reveal the American Dream as an ambivalent construct, whose optimistic promise of individual success through hard work must be constantly adjusted to the characters’ lived realities as part of their immigrant families, which, in turn, are embedded in a meritocratic system marked by inequity
Confronting the Labor-Market and Housing Crises in Post-Recession U.S. Drama: Lisa D’Amour’s Detroit and Stephen Karam’s The Humans
No full textThis article analyses how the representation of the effects of economic crisis and increasing labour precarity in post-recession U.S. drama was concomitant with a gradual discernment of the cruel promises of the American Dream and the associated myth of equality of opportunity based on individual merit. It presents a close reading and performance analysis of Lisa D’Amour’s Detroit (2010) and Stephen Karam’s The Humans (2014) as exemplary post-recessionary plays that summoned on stage scenarios of economic crisis and a realization of the many dissatisfactions brought about by impending downward mobility. The staging of economic precarity as a political, theatrical trope points to larger social and economic forces at play in the characters’ advancement or lack thereof and, within the material world of the stage, the most obvious way in which these plays show visually, spatially and symbolically a new, real struggle to move up the social ladder is through the unattainability of homeownership. The house, the quintessential locale of the American dramatic tradition, is a dilapidated, ghostly space in these plays, engaging thus with a recurring motif in U.S. drama. In an uncannily familiar setting, dramatic characters measure their disappointments and vulnerabilities within the parameters of a grand narrative of effort and success with initial shame, almost apologetically. And yet, uttering the truth to others about their shared plights, this article contends, is ultimately liberating and transformative, reinforcing for both characters and audiences a new perception of human life as relational rather than autonomous and individualistically sovereign
Ecotopías: Presentación monografía
No full textIn this issue of the journal [i2] Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio, a new monographic section titled #ecotopías is introduced. This section emerges from the papers presented at the Edumeet 2024 conference, exploring the intersection of architecture, ecology, and the climate crisis from the perspective of alternative futures. The included articles address a range of topics such as spatial justice, interspecies urban dwelling, the cosmopolitics of matter, and urban heat islands in Madrid, fostering a scientific debate on adaptation and new architectural practices in a world in crisis.En este número de la revista [i2] investigación e innovación en arquitectura y territorio, se introduce una nueva sección monográfica titulada #ecotopías. Esta sección surge de las ponencias presentadas en el congreso Edumeet 2024, explorando la intersección entre arquitectura, ecología y crisis climática desde una perspectiva de futuros alternativos. Los artículos incluidos abordan diversos temas como la justicia espacial, el habitar urbano interespecie, la cosmopolítica de la materia y las islas de calor en Madrid, promoviendo un debate científico sobre la adaptación y nuevas prácticas arquitectónicas en un mundo en crisis
Hibridación de la novela histórica contemporánea: revolución, cultura fósil y ecología en Proletkult de Wu Ming
No full textThis article aims to explore the possibilities of the genre of the historical novel in the context of current ecological devastation. To do so, it takes as a case study the novel by the Italian collective Wu Ming dedicated to the Russian Revolution: Proletkult (2018). Emphasizing the figure of Alexander Bogdanov, heterodox revolutionary and author of the utopian novel entitled Red Star (1908), as well as the intertextual play that Proletkult engages with the latter, the study explores the way in which Wu Ming carries out a hybridization of the genre of the historical novel through science fiction to propose a “potential uchronia”. In Proletkult, this narrative devise materializes in the invention of Denni, a hybrid character who comes from a distant future and warns about the environmental dangers of the revolutionary industrial model. His perspective gives rise to an ecocentric focus of the story, since it allows questioning from an ecological approach the link established by the revolution between emancipation and a certain fossil culture. At the same time, the article concludes that Proletkult seeks in the revolutionary past a possibility for the socialism of the 21st century. In that sense, Wu Ming’s novel revisits the political possibilities of the past in order to propose an ecosocialist horizon in which human emancipation is not to be distinguished from its ecological and animalistic dimension. Ultimately, the work suggests that, instead of perpetuating the productivist and anthropocentric imaginary of revolutionary modernity, it is necessary to adopt a post-fossil worldview that reconfigures the relationship between the concepts of history, revolution and nature.El presente artículo tiene como finalidad explorar las posibilidades del género de la novela histórica en el contexto de la devastación ecológica actual. Para ello toma como caso de estudio la novela del colectivo italiano Wu Ming dedicada a la Revolución rusa: Proletkult (2018). Haciendo hincapié en la figura de Aleksandr Bogdánov, revolucionario heterodoxo y autor de la novela utópica titulada Estrella Roja (1908), así como en el juego intertextual que Proletkult entabla con esta última, el estudio explora la manera en que Wu Ming lleva a cabo una hibridación del género de la novela histórica a través de la ciencia ficción para proponer una “ucronía potencial”. En Proletkult, este procedimiento narrativo se materializa en la invención de Denni, un personaje híbrido que proviene de un futuro lejano y que advierte sobre los peligros medioambientales del modelo industrial revolucionario. Su perspectiva da lugar a una focalización ecocéntrica del relato, toda vez que permite cuestionar a partir de un enfoque ecológico el vínculo establecido por la revolución entre la emancipación y una determinada cultura fósil. Al mismo tiempo, el artículo concluye que Proletkult busca en el pasado revolucionario una posibilidad para el socialismo del siglo XXI. En ese sentido, la novela de Wu Ming revisa las posibilidades políticas del pasado con el fin de proponer un horizonte ecosocialista en el que la emancipación humana no ha de poder distinguirse de su dimensión ecológica y animalista. En última instancia, la obra sugiere que, en lugar de perpetuar el imaginario productivista y antropocéntrico de la modernidad revolucionaria, es necesario adoptar una cosmovisión postfósil que reconfigure la relación entre los conceptos de historia, revolución y naturalez
Introducción al monográfico: Plantas y plantaciones en la literatura y la cultura iberoamericanas
No full textIntroduction to the Special Issue: Plants and Plantations in Ibero-American Literature and Culture.Introducción al monográfico: Plantas y plantaciones en la literatura y la cultura iberoamericanas
El discurso sobre el medioambiente en la prensa digital en español: Neologismos en eco- y titulares clickbait
No full textThe different discourses on environmental issues influence the way we treat the environment. To this end, it is essential to analyze the new words of these discourses that are disseminated through the media, whose role is fundamental, since they not only determine which issues are newsworthy, but also influence public opinion and act as socializing agents. This article presents a qualitative and exploratory design study of Spanish digital press headlines (both published in Latin America and Spain) with neologisms in eco-coming from the shortening of the word ecología or ecológico. The objective is to analyze these words in order to understand the construction and pragmalinguistic uses of the ecological/sustainable discourse to which they refer. In this way, we will be able to appreciate with what intention they are used in the headlines analyzed and how the neologism activates frames of interpretation both in terms of specific semantic fields and the communicative intentions it intends, which are highly linked to the emotional. The analysis has made it possible to detect the lexical-discursive strategies used in the headlines in which these neologisms are inserted and how these neologisms are key parts of the clickbait headlines, since they adopt a sensationalist approach, favor curiosity and the creation of emotions and play a fundamental role in the ideologization of the headline, since, through them, an evaluation or judgment related to the environment, ecology and the people who position themselves in favor or against is made. Los distintos discursos sobre cuestiones medioambientales influyen en el trato que otorgamos al medio ambiente. Para ello es esencial analizar las palabras nuevas que acompañan estos discursos y que son divulgadas a través de los medios de comunicación, cuyo papel es fundamental, ya que no solo determinan qué asuntos poseen interés informativo, sino que influyen en la opinión pública y actúan como agentes socializadores. Este artículo presenta un estudio de diseño cualitativo y exploratorio de titulares de prensa digital en español (tanto publicada en Hispanoamérica como en España) con neologismos en eco- procedentes del acortamiento de la palabra ecología o ecológico. El objetivo es analizar estas palabras para entender la construcción y los usos pragmalingüísticos del discurso ecológico/sostenible al que se refieren. De este modo, podremos apreciar con qué intención se emplean en los titulares analizados y cómo el neologismo activa marcos de interpretación tanto en lo referente a campos semánticos específicos, como a las intenciones comunicativas que pretende, altamente ligadas a lo emocional. El análisis ha permitido detectar las estrategias léxico-discursivas empleadas en los titulares en los que se insertan dichos neologismos y cómo estos neologismos son piezas claves de los titulares gancho (clickbait), ya que adoptan un enfoque sensacionalista, favorecen la curiosidad y la creación de emociones y desempeñan un papel fundamental en la ideologización del titular, pues, a través ellos, se realiza una evaluación o juicio relacionado con el medio ambiente, la ecología y las personas que se posicionan a favor o en contra.