Open Journal System Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
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Kesahan Kandungan Instrumen Efikasi Kendiri Keusahawanan Bagi Guru Pelatih Berdasarkan Indeks Kesahan Kandungan (CVI)
No full textEfikasi kendiri keusahawanan guru pelatih boleh menentukan tahap kesediaan guru pelatih menerapkan elemen keusahawanan dalam bidang pengajian mereka. Maka, instrumen bagi mengukur efikasi kendiri keusahawanan perlu dikenalpasti dan disahkan. Kesahan kandungan adalah satu kaedah yang diperlukan untuk menilai kesesuaian instrumen menjadi alat ukur yang berkesan. Kajian ini akan menggunakan kaedah Indeks Kesahan Kandungan (Content Validity Indeks-CVI) untuk menilai kesahan kandungan instrumen. Instrumen yang dinilai mengandungi 23 item berdasarkan empat domain. Seramai lapan orang pakar telah dipilih melalui persampelan bertujuan untuk mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Para pakar terdiri daripada lima orang pakar profesional dalam psikometrik, penilaian, psikologi pendidikan, bahasa, dan keusahawanan dan tiga orang pakar awam adalah pengamal penerapan elemen keusahawanan dalam bidang profesional masing-masing. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa instrumen yang dibina mempunyai kesahan kandungan yang relevan dan berpotensi menjadi instrumen yang dapat mengukur efikasi kendiri keusahawanan guru pelatih. Seterusnya analisis dan kajian lanjutan dicadangkan bagi menilai hubungan dan pengaruh antara efikasi kendiri keusahawanan dengan kesediaan penerapan elemen keusahawanan
Advances in Ecological Modeling: Tools, Approaches, and Future Perspectives
No full textAn ecological model serves as a simplified representation of a real-world system, aiming to capture our current understanding of its functioning through the use of mathematical relationships, computer code, and rules. Ecological modeling gained remarkable popularity as a tool in environmental management during the 1970s. Over time, various tools and approaches for ecological modeling have been invented and developed. Ecological models play a crucial role in supporting environmental decision-making by predicting ecological consequences and helping achieve societal objectives. This paper aims to review recent model types, approaches, and tools used by ecologists by consolidating peer-reviewed research articles published from 1984 to 2023. The results revealed that researchers employ unique model types to address specific ecosystem situations. These model types include dynamic, population dynamic, static, structurally dynamic, artificial neural networks, fuzzy, individual-based, and cellular automata, ecotoxicological, spatial, stochastic, and hybrid/integrated models. Each model has limitations in its application and is suitable for specific situations. However, integrated/hybrid models are recommended as they combine multiple model types, enhancing their effectiveness. Different model approaches such as Ecopath, Ecosim, Ecospace, Ecotroph, and Ecopath with Ecosim are utilized for modeling ecosystems and predicting outcomes amidst disturbances caused by anthropogenic factors, fishing impacts, and climate change. These model approaches greatly contribute to our understanding of ecosystems. However, despite the variety of methods available, authors still encounter challenges when using these methods, leading to the evolution and refinement of additional approaches and tools that will continue to emerge in the future
A Review of Enzymatic Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Bioenergy Conversion
No full textLignocellulosic biomass, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is an abundant and renewable resource with immense potential for sustainable bioenergy production. The methodology could potentially lead to a reduction in fossil fuel reliance and greenhouse gas emissions. However, its complex structure poses significant challenges for conversion, and effective pretreatment technologies are needed to make the sugars more accessible for fermentation. Enzymatic pretreatment for biomass is turning into a promising biofuel production route because it requires less energy and has a lower environmental impact. This method improves biomass solubilization, sugar release, and volatile fatty acid production by reducing particle size and increasing substrate solubilization. Key enzymes such as cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninolytic enzymes are critical to breaking down the complex structure of lignocellulose. The efficiency of enzymes has improved dramatically over the years due to advances in enzyme discovery, molecular modifications, and production. Enzymatic saccharification has been advanced by approaches that include solid-state fermentation, enzyme immobilization, and optimization of reaction conditions. Enzymatic pretreatment is not free from drawbacks as it also requires high enzyme loadings because of lignin recalcitrance, and, while using the so-called hydrothermal pretreatment, harsh conditions to advantage are unavoidable due to high solids loading. As a response, improved methods such as flow-through hydrothermal pretreatment or combined techniques are being investigated to increase sugar digestibility and decrease the formation of inhibitory products. Future directions should focus on finding novel pretreatment methods that are sustainable and cost-effective for large-scale applications. Through methods including sulfite pretreatment and enzyme engineering combined with CRISPR-Cas gene editing and artificial intelligence techniques, subprocesses of bioconversion can be optimized to improve the overall process. Enzymatic pretreatment has excellent potential to improve the stages of bioenergy production and provide sustainable energy solutions
Mechanical Properties of Annealed Soda Lime Silica Glass with Various Potassium Salt by Ion Exchange
No full textThis work studied the effect of ion exchange parameters on the glass properties. The regular soda lime silica glass was annealed at 600 ºC for 16 hours, followed by the chemical treatment process. The chemical treatment was carried out using different types of potassium salts at two different temperatures. Different ion exchange media in salt paste were prepared using KNO3, KCl, and K2SO4 and heat treated at 425 ºC and 465 ºC for 4 hours. The mechanical properties of the glass before and after ion exchange treatment were analyzed using the 3-point bending and Vickers hardness method. The results show the highest flexural strength was obtained after the annealed glass was treated with KCl for 4 hours at 425 ºC. Meanwhile, treatment with KNO3 at 425 ºC resulted in the highest Vickers hardness strength and glass fracture toughness compared to samples treated with other potassium salts. From both characterization techniques, the K2SO4 salt medium showed the lowest flexural strength, hardness, and fracture toughness values. Additionally, ion exchange treatment at 465 ºC reduced the glass\u27s mechanical properties as higher treatment temperatures lead to surface structure stress relaxation
Advances in Membrane Technology for Gold Extraction: A Comprehensive Review
No full textThis comprehensive review investigates recent advancements in separation technologies for gold extraction, focusing on sustainable and efficient methods to address environmental concerns associated with traditional practices. The study explores innovative techniques such as hydrometallurgical methods, biocyanidation, biosorption, and membrane technology, evaluating their mechanisms and environmental implications. Significant trends in gold extraction have emerged over the past five years, as revealed by a comprehensive review of numerous studies. One such trend is the increasing adoption of non-toxic leaching agents like thiocyanate, which show comparable recovery rates to cyanide while posing lower environmental risks. Additionally, advancements in bioleaching through engineered microbial strains have demonstrated improved gold solubilization efficiencies, with reported increases of up to 25% in recovery rates. Membrane technologies, particularly composite and nanostructured membranes, have emerged as promising alternatives for selective gold ion separation, offering enhanced permeability and selectivity. The integration of these advanced technologies into hybrid systems further enhances overall recovery rates, with efficiencies of over 95% when combining biological and physical separation methods. This review concludes that the future of gold extraction lies in the combination of these innovative technologies, which improve recovery efficiencies and address critical environmental concerns. The ongoing research in this field is vital for the development of sustainable gold recovery processes that meet both economic and ecological demands. By examining the mechanisms, efficiencies, and environmental impacts of these methods, this paper highlights the future potential of separation technologies in sustainable gold recovery
Plantlet regeneration of Cucumis melo L. Glamour cv. using different types of cytokinin and explants
No full textPlantlets or clones’ regeneration in Cucurbitaceae species can be performed in vitro by applying the tissue culture techniques. Hypocotyls, cotyledons, leaves, cotyledonary nodes and petioles can be used as the explants or starting materials to initiate the regeneration under laboratory condition. BAP (Benzyl aminopurine) and TDZ (Thidiazuron) were among the well-known cytokinin used in tissue culture as plant hormones to regulate the plant growth in vitro. The effectiveness of BAP and TDZ was investigated in this study to determine the effect of different types of cytokinin hormone on C. melo explants since both hormones might show differences in their activity towards C. melo explants. This study found that BAP was superior at all used concentrations compared to TDZ during most of the growing stage of the explants (cotyledons and hypocotyls). Based on this finding, the experiment was repeated by using different types of explants which were nodal explants, petioles and young shoots along with cotyledons and hypocotyls, by using BAP that showed excellent plantlet regeneration. Cotyledon and nodal explants successfully regenerated plantlets with excellent height and significant number of shoots compared to the rest of the explants. The plantlets from cotyledons and nodal explants were regenerated via direct regeneration without any formation of callus. The direct shoot regeneration was the preferred method for mass production via tissue culture because the chances of somaclonal variation is low. Contrarily, the hypocotyls, petioles and shoot tips mostly developed callus and only several treatments formed very small plantlets
Modeling the impact of urbanization and climate change on groundwater flow pattern in Warri-Effurun area of the western Niger Delta
No full textWarri-Effurun is one of the oil regions in the Niger Delta and has experienced industrial expansion with upsurge in population growth in the last five decades. The attendant effect of such growth is synonymous with more groundwater pumping needed to satisfy domestic, industrial and other purposes. The consequence is the subjection of aquifers to intensive abstraction of groundwater to meet the water needs of the inhabitants. The high demand for groundwater may be worsened by the climate change. The impact of climate change on groundwater is complex but can better be understood by modeling. The study used groundwater modeling software to understand groundwater flow pattern under high groundwater over-abstraction under climate change conditions. Model scenarios output revealed that pumping is sustainable when the aquifer was recharged with 2*10-4mm/year of precipitation and pumping rate of 6.1776m3/day, groundwater flow is towards the Warri River. However, flow direction was reversed when pumping rate was increased geometrically to 13,590.72m3/day with zero net recharge (drought conditions precipitated by climate change). The reversal in the flow direction is indicative of interaction between groundwater and river water. The implication is that contaminants may be transported from the river into the aquifer, consequently compromising groundwater quality and thus making it unsuitable for drinking. The study concludes that groundwater modeling is a better tool in understanding how stressed aquifer under the influence of climate change may respond to heavy groundwater over-pumping
Tomato fruit: Origin and its developmental regulation
No full textFruit development and ripening genes have a close relationship with the regulatory elements that control the development of floral organs. Furthermore, like with many other aspects of plant development, understanding the processes that drive fruit development and ripening necessitates disclosing both the genetic and epigenetic architecture that underpins gene structure and expression. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic regulators are important in fruit development and ripening, and that they may work together with hormones and transcription factors. To determine particular chromatin states, epigenetic changes like-as DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and noncoding RNAs can interact with one another. Developments in the plant\u27s molecular biology have enabled researchers to surpass the limits of classical methodology of study for other crops especially the tomato\u27s ancestor. In this review, we cover a variety of subjects, including the history of the tomato, the evolution of fruit ripening regulation, and the mechanisms relating to epigenetic regulation in tomato fruit ripening. These findings, according to researchers, may have a significant impact on crop development strategies in fruit-bearing species
Effects of silicon treatments on Nilaparvata lugens and rice yield under field conditions
No full textThe brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a destructive pest of rice crops. In the present work, experiments were conducted to study the impact of an ideal Si rate of 200 kg/ha applied at different splits on brown planthopper infestation and rice yield components under natural field conditions. Results showed that application at a two-equal split of 100 kg Si/ha at 7 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT) significantly controlled the brown planthopper infestation by an average of 59.2% compared to control. However, the fertilisation time did not contribute to giving maximum rice grain yield. The maximum rice grain yield was achieved with 200 kg Si/ha applied once at 25 days after transplanting. The agronomic efficiency of these two methods were 3.79 kg/ha and 4.25 kg/ha, respectively. This may help to explain why a single application of Si during the maximum tillering-reproductive stages (25 DAT) is critical for producing rice grain yield. The application of Si effectively increased the uptake of N, P, and K in rice plants. An increase in these macronutrients in rice plants may be the reason why rice plants effectively hindered the brown planthopper infestation and also provided greater nutrients for sustaining the rice grain yield. Overall, the application during the early vegetative (7 DAT) and reproductive (45 DAT) stages sheds light on how Si application influences the rice plants\u27 defence mechanisms against brown planthoppers but sacrifices the grain yield. Future research on silicon applications and integration with biological control for ecologically sustainable pest management in rice should be considered
Penilaian Kurikulum Bahasa Jepun Berpandukan Standard Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR) di Universiti Malaysia Kelantan: Evaluation of the Japanese Language Curriculum Based on the Standard Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR) at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
No full textKajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pelaksanaan kurikulum kursus Bahasa Jepun sebagai Bahasa Ketiga di Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK). Kajian ini menggunakan Model Penilaian KIPP yang melibatkan dimensi konteks, input, proses dan produk. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 145 orang pelajar semester ketiga yang mengambil kursus Bahasa Jepun. Kajian ini menggunakan instrumen soal selidik bagi menilai dimensi konteks, input, proses dan produk. Statistik yang digunakan dalam kajian ini melibatkan skor frekuensi, peratus, min dan sisihan piawai. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pelaksanaan Kurikulum Kursus Bahasa Jepun berpandukan standard Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR) sebagai Bahasa Ketiga di UMK berada pada tahap yang tinggi apabila keempat-empat objektif kajian memperoleh nilai min pada aras yang tinggi (4.63). Justeru, inisiatif Fakulti Pengajian Bahasa dan Pembangunan Insan memperkenalkan kursus ini di UMK adalah tindakan yang amat tepat malah menjadikan pelajar UMK sebagai pelajar yang mempunyai soft skill dan berupaya menguasai kemahiran berbahasa asing bagi persediaan mereka dalam menempuh alam pekerjaan pada masa hadapan. Perkara ini sejajar dengan Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) 2013-2025 yang amat menitik beratkan penguasaan bahasa asing sebagai nilai tambah kepada setiap pelajar di institusi pengajian tinggi Malaysia yang boleh dianggap sebagai salah satu langkah dalam penambahbaikan jenama pendidikan Malaysia pada peringkat global