International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences
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Estimation of Vertical Distance and Reduce Level using Modern Mine Survey Equipments (Total Station) at Sub Level in Maddhapara Granite Mine, Bangladesh
Get PDFAn underground mine survey work is done using Total Station (TS) at sub-level from third drilling drift to cage shaft in Madhyapara Granite Mine (MGM). The MGM is situated at Madhyapara in Dinajpur district, NW Bangladesh. Room and pillar sub-level stoping underground mining method is applied in MGM and extracted economic mineral (granite, granodiorite, diorite etc) from five stopes, three in the northern side and two in the southern side. Different types of survey equipments (measuring tape, normal staff, compass, ranging rod, automatic level, automatic theodolite) were used in MGM during the development period for the constructions of shafts, underground roadways, drilling drifts, sumps, loading bunkers, cross cuts, stopes etc. MGM contains two vertical shaft (Cage Shaft and Skip Shaft) and three underground levels, ventilation level is used for mine air ventilation, sub-level is for drilling or blasting and production level is for production of mineral ores. The dimension of each stope (l×h×w) is 276,000 m3 (230 m × 60 m × 20 m) as per design. Modern surveying in MGM reduce the error survey data which were used to develop the further constructions as per design and also monitor the weak zones or mine subsidence rate to minimize mine accidents. During the year of 2008-2009, an underground mine survey work is done and calculate the Reduce Level (RL) at various points. The first R.L in the mouth of third drilling drift is -247.267 m and last RL near the cage shaft is -246 m. The vertical distance is also calculated with taping method from surface (mean sea level) to ventilation level, sub level and production level is -228 m, -246 m and -270 m respectively. Using TS and other modern survey accessories regularly in MGM may give the actual survey results which may monitor all the mine constructions and find out the weak zones (if detect) and recommends for supporting system as per geotechnical pressures and finally MGM get read of any type of mine accidents and successfully continue as the mine life time
The Preprocessing and Probing Technique of Open Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Split and Time Deadline (OCVRP-St) Model In Rubbish Transportation Problem
No full textThe activity of rubbish transportation in Palembang is one of the applications of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) in transporting rubbish in Sako Palembang by applying preprocessing and probing techniques to obtain simplest OCVRP model. The solution is conducted by using LINDO software. The results show that the optimal routes in Sukarami before and after applying the tehniques are the same routes. In addition, we obtain the reduction of constraints and variables, the reduction of iteration numbers and the optimal value did not change
A Key Agreement Protocol Based on Superior Fractal Sets
Get PDFThe fractal properties endeavour of inventing new techniques because of its complex structure. Mandelbrot and Julia sets are created by using the same function but in different parameter plane. This strong connection of fractals leads its use in the field of cryptography. In the proposed protocol, superior Mandelbrot set function is used to calculate the public keys with the help of chosen private keys as input parameter whereas superior Julia set function is used to generate a shared private key by using public keys of either side for both parties which is impossible to hack by an intruder
Sensitivity analysis of simplified low cost converging thermal wave technique for thin bilayer solid
Get PDFIn this paper, the sensitivity analysis of thermo physical parameters of the semi-infinite bilayer was presented by using a simplified converging thermal wave model. This is done under the consideration that radial flow of converging thermal wave substantially dominates in the first layer and axial thermal wave, dominates in the second layer. The sensitivity of the correlated parameters due to the 5%, 10% and 100% of increment were evaluated.. The results of the calculated temperature were simulated by Mathematica software, in order to generate a sensitivity analysis and examined by graphs. From this analysis, we concluded the optimum conditions, hence to be applied in the real experiment. Our merit on this report is for introducing a simple method of optical transient heating by using low cost equipment such as camera’s flash lamp and thermocouple, which may also apply to the short pulse laser measurement. A brief theory of the present work is presented and the results obtained from the simulation are discussed
Elemental Concentrations in the Surface Sediments Collected from the Straits of Malacca: 2004 Sampling Cruise
Get PDFIn this study, surface sediments from four geographical sampling sites in the Straits of Malacca (three near the northern part and one near the central part) were collected between February and March 2004 and they were analyzed for 35 elements by using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (7 elements) and an Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (28 elements). It was found that one site at the northern part had highest levels of 23 elements out of 35. This indicated that the sampling site located at the northern part had received anthropogenic inputs due to shipping activities. However, illegal dumpings and other unidentified sources could not be rule out. In general, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn have low potential to cause adverse effects on biota except for Ni that a biological effect could affect some benthic species occasionally, as compared to the Interim Sediment Quality Values. Therefore, this study provided an evidence that high elemental concentrations is plausibly due to shipping activities since the Straits of Malacca is the busiest shipping lane in this region
A view Plan Sheet Pile: Design Chart for Cantilever Retaining Wall Construction for Active and Passive Earth Pressure in Baghdad Soil
Get PDFAs society begins to demand greater and more efficient use of underground space, deep excavations are being carried out to meet the surging need for infrastructure in big cities. During excavation, an in situ wall system is often constructed to provide stability and to minimize movements of the adjacent ground. The choice of an appropriate retaining system depends on certain factors such as subsoil characteristics, groundwater condition, and building protection considerations. For some circumstances, steel sheet piling typically provides the most usual solution for the conditions encountered in the field. In order to ensure successful excavation work, the behaviors of the wall must be considered during the design phase. In this paper, the design of cantilever sheet pile walls involves the evaluation of loads imposed by soil, water, and surcharging was conducted using specialized computer program. The effect of variation in height, loading, and soil properties on the design was investigated. This paper is intended to enable the pile selection and penetration to be quickly determined for the certain construction cases of cantilever sheet pile in Baghdad soil. Finally, some simple guidelines to installation method and to prevent failures related to geotechnical works of sheet pile are presented
A Thermally Non-equlibirium Approch for CFD Simulation of a Pulse Tube Refrigerator
Get PDFThis paper deals with a new type of numerical computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach of making more realistic to the porous media inside the regenerator of a pulse tube refrigerator. The available commercial software package FLUENT for solving Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has capable of define a porous media and solve the governing equation for this region. But one problem arises is that inside the porous media region the software consider the fluid medium temperature and solid matrix medium temperature remains same in any spatial location which is impractical in real case. So to avoid this impractical situation we made attempt to make a non-thermally equilibrium medium inside the regenerator by putting a solid inside the regenerator, a size equal with solid matrix and added the source term to the fluid and solid of the regenerator by user define functions (UDF). In this analysis we used inertance tube pulse tube refrigerator (ITPTR) and helium is the working fluid
Critical Impact Energy of Flat Nose Hard Projectile Causing Early Scabbing in Concrete Slab
Get PDFIn this paper, 2D numerical simulation finite element analysis has been carried out for critical impact energy of flat nose hard projectile causing early scabbing in concrete slab, based on reflected stress wave propagation with elastic assumption of the classic wave equation, using ABAQUS software. Numerical simulation predictions were compared with experimental data and with the well established UMIST, NDRC, Li and Reid formulae and found comparable and reliable. The influence of hard projectile diameter with flat nose, and concrete wall thickness on critical impact energy was also investigated. It was found that the effect of critical impact energy is directly proportional to the thickness of concrete target and inversely proportional to the diameter of flat nose hard projectile
The Vulnerability Level of Groundwater Quality Degradation in The Ecosystem of Sand Dune Landscape on the Southern Coast of Central Java and the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia
Get PDFThe sand dune ecosystem phenomenon in the research area has unique and interesting characters. It is identified that there is an increase in the construction of the environment in the use of sand dune ecosystem which influence the groundwater quality. Such phenomenon is the manifestation of the existence of spatial dynamics influencing the groundwater degradation vulnerability. This research is aimed at 1) predicting the level of groundwater quality degradation vulnerability based on the sand dune ecosystem spatial dynamics; 2) developing an environmental management model to continuously maintain the availability of groundwater. The research employed survey research and inductive mapping. The aspect of the study included an environmental study with hydromorphological and hydrogeological approach. Analysis and evaluation were based on the multiplication of weight and rate, and were done on landscape units resulting from the map overlay. The research result indicates that there are 4 (four) classes of groundwater degradation vulnerability out of the 5 (five) classes of vulnerability determined beforehand. Groundwater degradation vulnerability classes III and IV indicate problems of disturbances in the groundwater supply system and domestic and agricultural waste pollution. In order to overcome the disturbances in the groundwater supply system, water infiltration well should be constructed, communal domestic water processing should be encouraged, and in order to reduce pollution from the use of agricultural fertilizers, the fertilizers should be blended with clay
Shells of Telescopium Telescopium as Biomonitoring Materials of Ni Pollution in the Tropical Intertidal Area
No full textThe objective of this paper is to propose the use of the shells of Telescopium telescopium as good biomonitoring materials of Ni pollution. The snail and surface sediment samples were collected from 17 geographical sites in Peninsular Malaysia and they were dissected into six different soft tissues, namely foot, cephalic tentacle (CT), mantle, muscle, gill and remaining soft tissues (REST). The total shells, pooled and dissected soft tissues and sediments were determined for Ni using an air-acetylene flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The present findings based on 1) ratios of shell/soft tissues (ratios> 1.0), 2) bioaccumulation factor values (shell as microconcentrator), 3) statistical outcomes of correlation analysis [significant correlations between shells and geochemical fractions (acid-reducible, non-resistant, resistant and total Ni concentrations) in the environmental sediments] and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis [significantly influenced by total Ni concentrations in the sediment], and 4) lowest value of coefficient of variation [thus higher precision], do indicate the very potential of shells of T. telescopium as good biomonitoring material of Ni pollution in the tropical intertidal area