International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences
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Analytical Model for Critical Impact Energy of Spalling and Penetration in Concrete Wall
Get PDFPenetration is the basic element of designing protective concrete structure against the local impact of hard projectile. Conventional, un-conventional, and sensitive structures should have to be designed as self-protective structures in order to resist natural disaster, consciously engendered unpleasant incidents, or/and against accidently occur incidents in nuclear plants, local industries etc.. When hard projectile collides with concrete wall, it is the critical impact energy of the projectile that deforms concrete wall. Critical impact energy is the dominant cause of penetration in concrete structures. Therefore, it is vital to study critical impact energy that causes penetration. An analytical model is developed to predict the required critical impact energy for spalling and tunneling and maximum penetration without rear effects in concrete walls when it is impacted with hard projectile. The newly developed analytical model is examined for CRH =2.0, 3.0. It was found that the predicted results from analytical model are in close relation with experimental data with less than (8%) and (17%) error in case of CRH =2.0 and 3.0. Furthermore, Chen and Li nose shape factor is modified as (Ni), with introduction of empirical frictional factor (Nf). It was found that the predicted results from analytical model with proposed nose shape (Ni) are in close relation with experimental data in all cases as compared to predicted results with traditional Li and Chen nose shape (N*). In general, the analytical model generates encouraging prediction which is consistent and follows a general trend of experimental results. Therefore, it is suggested that the proposed analytical model is conservative
Preprocessing Techniques in SCVRP Model: Case of Rubbish Transportation Problem in Kecamatan Ilir Barat II Palembang South Sumatera Indonesia
No full textRubbish transportation activities in Palembang can be considered as one of the application of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). We call it Symmetric Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (SCVRP) since we allow two way direction routes. We focus on rubbish transportation of Kecamatan Ilir Barat II Palembang, one of the biggest districts in Palembang to be simplified using preprocessing techniques to achieve simpler SVCRP model. This technique can simplify the model through some stages such as strengthening the bounds of constraint, eliminating redundant variables or fixing the variables [1]. The results show that preprocessing techniques can create simpler SCVRP formulation and easily solve the problem with aid of optimization tool
Baseline Tuning Methodology Supervisory Sliding Mode Methodology: Applied to IC Engine
Get PDFInternal combustion (IC) engines are optimized to meet exhaust emission requirements with the best fuel economy. Closed loop combustion control is a key technology that is used to optimize the engine combustion process to achieve this goal. In order to conduct research in the area of closed loop combustion control, a control oriented cycle-to-cycle engine model, containing engine combustion information for each individual engine cycle as a function of engine crank angle, is a necessity. This research aims to design a new methodology to fix the fuel ratio in internal combustion (IC) engine. Baseline method is a linear methodology which can be used for highly nonlinear system’s (e.g., IC engine). To optimize this method, new linear part sliding mode method (NLPSM) is used. This online optimizer can adjust the optimal coefficient to have the best performance
Verification of Vehicular Emitted Aerosol Components in Soil Biochemical Characteristics in Owerri West Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria
No full textThe study was carried out in Avu Junction in Owerri West L.G.A. at graded distant from the tarred road with an average vehicular flow between 10,000 to 12,000 per day. Soil samples were taken at the distant of 50m, 100m, 150m and 200m respectively. And auger soil samples were taken at the depths of 0-30 cm and 30-45 cm accordingly. Soil factor, heavy metals and microbial populations were investigated at graded distances. From the result of soil factors, pH values indicated acidity with decreased distant from the tarred road ranging between 4.52 – 6.32, soil temperature on the topsoil was higher than subsoil ranging between 19- 25 0C and 18 – 22 0C and soil moisture increases with increased distant from the tarred road ranging between 10.00 – 13.3. Heavy metal concentrations in the soil increased with decreased distant in the order of Pb < Zn < Ni < Cu < Cd. Overall results revealed that Cd in the soil constitutes the highest percentage of 91.7%, Ni 90.9%, Cu 90.1%, Pb. 84.7% and Zn. 81.7%. Significantly, higher fungi and bacterial populations were recorded at increased distant from the tarred road. This then called for proactive measures to checkmate soil contamination due to pollutants from vehicular flows
Energy and Exergy Analyses of Egyptian Cement Kiln Plant with Complete Kiln Gas Diversion through by Pass
Get PDFThe present article deals with evaluation of energy and exergy efficiences of an Egyptian dry process cement kiln plant with precalciner characterized by that the whole kiln gas is diverted through by pass . Such diversion is necessary to break the intense cycles of secondary constituents Cl, alkalis and sulfur that may arise between precaciner -preheater and kiln due to the high content of the raw materials of such secondary constituents. Based on average actual operation data of the process, energy and exergy balances have been established around the preheater-precalciner, the rotary kiln , the rotary cooler and the whole process. Energetic- and exergetic efficiency of the process attains 40% and 25.7% respectively . Sum of the exergy outputs attains about 49% of total exergy input and irreversibility loss = 2354 kJ/kg clinker which represents about 51 % of total exergy input. Energy and exergy of the by pass gases are the largest output loss items ( ~770 and 416 kJ/kg cli respectively) followed by those of the preheater exit gases (~ 622 and 152 kJ/kg cli respectively). For comparative purpose , the process was evaluated with considering no diversion of kiln gas through by pass . Energetic- and exergetic efficiency has been estimated in this case as 52% and 34 % respectively and the irreversibility attains 1840 kJ/kg clinker which represents about 52 % of total exergy input
Mathematical Modelling of Quorum Sensing and Bioluminescence in Bacteria
Get PDFDifferent types of Quorum Sensing in Bacteria, both intra-species and inter-species, have been analyzed over the last decade. A number of Mathematical Models has been proposed to explain the process of Quorum Sensing which depends on a threshold concentration of autoinducers (or QSM) reflecting high bacterial density. Stability of the solution of the differential equations of such an intra-species model for Vibrio fischeri is discussed in this paper
Distance: A Moderator Between Walking Activity and Pattern Classification
Get PDFThe research of this paper is to investigate does distance will affecting the walking activity and the pattern for classification. This paper built a comprehensive picture of the human walking activity, programming language, workflow of the tool, features extraction and patterns classification method and captured the attitudes of the respondents. The subject was performed a range of walking activity in a controlled laboratory setting. The result of this study shows that the moderating effects of walking distance explains 15.80% (Gyroscope), 74.60% (Accelerometer) and 98.60% (Compass) of variance in research output. The result is expected to be beneficial and able to assist researchers and medical officers in analyzing human motion and its pattern classification
Assessment the Mechanical Properties of Soil Cement Interlocking (SCI) Bricks: A Case Study in Malaysia
Get PDFThe research assessed and examined the mechanical properties of the Soil Cement Interlocking brick (SCI) to provide the information for the possible and appropriate development and revision of the (SCI) brick due to the substantial benefits which can be obtained by improving these sorts of bricks .Therefore, drastic efforts and accurate attention were paid precisely on the laboratory tests .Some of the laboratory investigation on (SCI) bricks were conducted in conjunction with the use of various masonry standards to evaluate the Compressive Strength , Dimensional Tolerance ,Water Absorption , Initial Rate of Suction and Modulus of Rapture. Results illustrated that the water absorption for (SCI) brick ranged from (13.566% -17.045%) ,the Initial Rate of Suction ranged from (1.746-3.573) kg/m2 ,the compressive strength on the other hand fell in range between (7.733-12.33)N/mm2 for (SCI)bricks without mortar, whereas the compressive strength for (SCI)bricks filled with mortar ranged from (12.406-15.098)N\mm2 and Modulus of Rapture was found to be to ranged between (0.004-0.023)Pa for (SCI) bricks without mortar ,whereas, Modulus of Rapture for (SCI)bricks filled with mortar was (0.004-0.017) Pa .The study revealed a good quality that can be produced from soil and cement by pressing method whereby contributing to sustainable development