International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences
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Conformance Testing and Analysis of Synchrophasor Communication Message Structures and Formats for Wide Area Measurement Systems in Smart Grids
Get PDFThe renewed quest for situational awareness in power systems has brought about the use of digital signal processing of power system measurements, and the transmission of such data to control centres via communication networks. At the control centres, power system stability algorithms are executed to provide monitoring, protection, and control in order to prevent blackouts. This can be achieved by upgrading the existing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems through the deployment of newly proposed power system synchrophasor-based applications for Wide Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control (WAMPAC). However, this can only be done when there is a complete understanding of the methods and technologies associated with the communication network, message structure, and formats required. This paper presents an analysis of the IEEE C37.118 synchrophasor message framework, message formats, and data communication of synchrophasor measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for WAMPAC schemes in smart grids. A newly designed lab-scale testbed is implemented and used in the practical experimentation relating to this paper. Synchrophasor measurements from the PMUs are captured using a network protocol analyzer software-Wireshark, and the compliance of the synchrophasor message structures and formats captured was compared to the specifications defined in the IEEE C37.118 synchrophasor standard
Brain Image Segmentation using Level Set : An Hybrid Approach
Get PDFAdvances in medical imaging technologies have given rise for effective diagnostic procedures. The acquisition promptness and resolution enhancements of imaging modalities have given physicians more information, less invasively about their patients. Active contours are used to segment, match and track images of an atomic structure by manipulating constraints derived from the image data together with prior knowledge about the location, size, and shape of these structures. The level set method is referred as a part of active contour family. The major disadvantages of level set method are initialization of controlling parameters and time complexity. The proposed method adopts Robust Spatial Kernel Fuzzy C-Means (RSKFCM) and Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to overcome these drawbacks. RSKFCM is based on standard Fuzzy C-Means algorithm which uses Gaussian RBF kernel function as distance metric and incorporates spatial information. The LBM uses the energy function to determine and reduce the actual processing time which addresses the time complexity. The proposed system combines both RSKFCM and LBM to form a hybrid approach, and the system is tested on a large set of MRI brain images and the experimental results are found to be improved with respect to time complexity
A Review on Energy Policies and Scenario in India
Get PDFNow a day’s Energy plays a vital role in every sector like agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic. Energy is the primary key for development of the country. Only two types are sources for energy generations are presents that are Non Renewable and Renewable Sources. But due to climate change and fossil fuel depletion renewable sources are becoming major reason for focusing for energy generation. Renewable Energy (RE) generation is useful to decrease pollution, global warming etc. Although the high cost of the renewable energy generation is the main barrier in this field but there are many schemes which plays a very important role in this field. These policies encourage the consumer to used renewable sources for energy. This paper introduces the main energy challenges in India and different types of energy policies existing to overcome that challenges. What the institutional programs presenting in India for energy policies are
Heavy Metal Uptake of Corn Irrigated with Human Urine
Get PDFPit latrine (PL) is one of the most common disposal systems for human excreta in low-income countries but because it is a hole in the ground, infiltration of liquid effluent into the soil can continuously occur. Poor sanitation systems permit the spread of heavy metals in urine to water bodies especially the groundwater. This study investigated the accumulation of heavy metals in shoots of corn plants irrigated with urine. A pot experiment with corn was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Urine was diluted to 3:1 ratio (water and urine respectively) and was compared to control (water only). Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), heavy metals such as Boron, Barium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Silicon, Strontium and Zinc were detected in shoots of all plants with contents ranging from 0.22 to 2,487.44 milligram (mg) per kilogram (kg). The higher amounts detected in urine irrigated plants than the control proved the presence of the metals in the urine. Reuse of urine will definitely benefit farmers while at the same time reduce the risk of heavy metal contamination in groundwater
Modeling of Magnetizing Inrush and Internal Faults for Three-Phase Transformers
Get PDFAmong the most noticeable root causes of improper performance in power transformers, internal short circuit faults can be noted and if not quickly be identified and addressed in the accepted time interval, irrecoverable damages such as interruption or even collapse of the network connected to the power transformer would happen. In this contribution, three-phase transformer behaviors under magnetizing inrush, internal short circuit condition and their current values determination have been surveyed using electromagnetic coupling model approach and structural finite element method. Utilizing the definition of transformer in the form of multi-coil and their electromagnetic and electric couple, a three dimensional geometric model of transformer is developed which includes nonlinear characteristics of the transformer, different states of normal and under internal short circuit occurrence and the moment of magnetizing inrush creation are investigated. The comparison between obtained results of presented model simulation with the consequences of practical studies on a typical three phase transformer reveals that the proposed model has a reliable accuracy in detection and modelling the transformer behavior in normal conditions, magnetizing inrush and different types of internal faults. The proposed approach represents an accurate model of a three-phase transformer for protection aims
Congestion Aware Multi-Path Routing Protocol with Load Balancing
Get PDFThe multi-path routing protocol is one of the approaches used to have less overhead, better bandwidth cost through the load distribution among a set of paths. However, due to the interference of the paths during the communication, it increases the end to end delay and do not work well under a highly congested network. We have proposed the congestion aware multi-path routing protocol with load balancing. The paper explains the problem associated with the end-to-end delay. It deals with the problem of channel interference during the Multi-path communication. It suggests the congestion control mechanisms to improve the protocol performance. It proposes an additive increase/ multiplicative decrease and fast retransmits and recovery process and also it suggest the algorithm for load balancing scheme. In order to minimize the congestion formation, it selects the node disjoint paths for communication. The correlation factor among the selected multiple paths are calculated. It calculates the congestion formation in the network. It compares the proposed MPR protocol with ordinary DSR through the simulation and the simulation results are discussed
A Fuzzy Logic Based Mppt Controller For Wind-Driven Three-Phase Self-Excited Induction Generators Supplying Dc Microgrid
Get PDFIn this paper, a straightforward strategy for tracking the maximum power (MP) accessible in the wind energy conversion system for dc microgrid is proposed. A three-phase diode bridge rectifier alongside a dc-dc converter has been utilized between the terminals of wind-driven induction generator and dc microgrid. Induction generator is being worked in self-energized mode with excitation capacitor at stator. The output current i.e., dc grid current act as a control variable to track the MP in the proposed WECS. In this manner, the proposed calculation for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is autonomous of the machine and wind-turbine parameters. Further, a technique has been created for deciding the obligation proportion of the dc-dc converter for working the proposed system in MPPT condition utilizing wind turbine qualities, relentless state proportionate circuit of prompting generator and power balance in power converters. Circuit straightforwardness and basic control calculation are the significant points of interest of the proposed setup for supplying energy to the dc microgrid from WECS. The fruitful working of the proposed calculation for Fuzzy logic based MPPT has been shown with broad exploratory results alongside the simulated values
Classification of Content based Medical Image Retrieval Using Texture and Shape feature with Neural Network
Get PDFMedical image classification and retrieval systems have been finding extensive use in the areas of image classification according to imaging modalities, body part and diseases. One of the major challenges in the medical classification is the large size images leading to a large number of extracted features which is a burden for the classification algorithm and the resources. In this paper, a novel approach for automatic classification of fundus images is proposed. The method uses image and data pre-processing techniques to improve the performance of machine learning classifiers. Some predominant image mining algorithms such as Classification, Regression Tree (CART), Neural Network, Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT) K-Nearest Neighbor. The performance of MCBIR systems using texture and shape features efficient. . The possible outcomes of a two class prediction be represented as True positive (TP), True negative (TN), False Positive (FP) and False Negative (FN)
Comparison of Modeling and Simulation results Management Micro Climate of the Greenhouse by Fuzzy Logic between a Wetland and Arid region
Get PDFCurrently the climate computer offers many benefits and solves problems related to the regulation, monitoring and controls. Greenhouse growers remain vigilant and attentive, facing this technological development. they ensure competitiveness and optimize their investments / production cost which continues to grow. The application of artificial intelligence in the industry known for considerable growth, which is not the case in the field of agricultural greenhouses, where enforcement remains timid. it is from this fact, we undertake research work in this area and conduct a simulation based on meteorological data through MATLAB Simulink to finally analyze the thermal behavior -greenhouse microclimate energy . In this paper we present comparison of modeling and simulation management of the greenhouse microclimate by fuzzy logic between a wetland (Dar El Beida Algeria) and the other arid (Biskra Algeria)
Optimum Design of GA-BF Algorithm Based PID Controller for the Solar System
Get PDFThis paper presents a new approach based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and Bacterial Foraging (BF) is used to perform a constrained tuning technique for the PID parameters to optimize the power output of solar panel. A small-signal model is used to design the controller parameters of the conventional PID controller. The dynamics of the converter is non linear, therefore, it is hard to derive desirable performance. So hybrid algorithm is used to optimize the control parameters of boost converter. In order to obtain the fitness of an individual, Simulink model of the boost converter is designed and the hybrid algorithm is programmed to design the optimal control parameters. It was found that the proposed optimal PID controller parameters adjustment by the GA-BF algorithm is superior to the conventional method. The Matlab/Simulink was used to verify the effectiveness of proposed control method