JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE AND LIFE-SCIENCE RESEARCH
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OSTEOARTRIT: PATOGENEZNING ZAMONAVIY JIHATLARI, PAST DARAJADAGI YALLIG‘LANISHNING ROLI (ADABIYOTLAR SHARHI)
Get PDFOsteoartrit (OA) — tayanch-harakat tizimining eng keng tarqalgan kasalligidir. OA patogenezida asosiy rol NLRP3 inflyammasomasi deb nomlanuvchi oqsilli kompleksga tegishlidir. Ushbu inflyammasoma uch komponentdan iborat: sensor (NLRP3), adapter (ASC) va effektor (kaspaza-1). NLRP3 inflyammasomasining faollashuvi interleykin-1β (IL-1β) va IL-18 kabi yallig‘lovchi sitokinlarning kuchli ishlab chiqarilishiga, shuningdek, gasdermin poralarining hosil bo‘lishiga olib keladi, bu esa piroptoz — dasturlashtirilgan hujayra o‘limi bilan yakunlanadi. OA rivojlanish mexanizmlari bo‘yicha erishilgan ilmiy yutuqlarga qaramay, kasallikning progresini to‘liq to‘xtatadigan yoki sekinlashtiradigan samarali terapevtik usullar hanuzgacha mavjud emas. Qolaversa, nosteroid yallig‘lanishga qarshi preparatlar (NYQP) qo‘llanilishi NYQP-induksiyalangan patologiyalar xavfini 50–100% ga oshirishi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lib, bu ularning qo‘llanilishiga ehtiyotkorlik bilan yondashishni taqozo etadi. Aholining umr ko‘rish davomiyligi oshgani va komorbid holatlar sonining ortib borayotgani OAni davolash strategiyasini qayta ko‘rib chiqishni talab qildi. Natijada, past darajadagi tizimli yallig‘lanish bilan tavsiflanadigan kasallik fenotiplari ajratib ko‘rsatildi. Ushbu maqolada OA rivojlanishi va progressida tug‘ma immun tizimi komponentlarining roliga oid zamonaviy ma’lumotlar, shuningdek, ularni hisobga olgan holda patogenetik korreksiya yo‘llari yoritib berilgan
RUHIY RIVOJLANISHI ORQADA QOLGAN (RROQ) O‘QUVCHILAR BILAN DAVLAT TA’LIM STANDARTLARI (DTS)NI AMALGA OSHIRISH JARAYONIDA PEDAGOG VA PSIXOLOGLARNING KASBIY QIYINCHILIKLARI
Get PDFMaqola O‘zbekistonda RROQ o‘quvchilar uchun DTSni tatbiq etayotgan maktablarda pedagog va psixologlarning duch kelayotgan kasbiy qiyinchiliklarini tizimli o‘rganadi. 2024–2025 yillardagi 638-son VMQ, USAID “Inclusive Education Study” (2024) va KIX EMAP (2025) hisobotlaridan olingan empirik ma’lumotlar kontent-tahlili hamda yarim-strukturaviy intervyular asosida tahlil qilindi. Natijalar malaka-bo‘shliqlar, resurs tanqisligi va reabilitatsion-psixologik ko‘mak mexanizmlarining yetarli emasligi DTS ijrosida asosiy to‘siq bo‘layotganini ko‘rsatadi
DEVELOPMENT OF HYPOGONADISM AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
No full textHypopituitarism associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been considered a clinical condition for more than a century, since the first case was reported in 1918. Since 2000, several studies have convincingly proven that TBI-mediated pituitary hormone deficiency may be more common than previously thought. As a result of several studies, it has been seriously suggested that pituitary hormone deficiency mediated by TBI may be more common than previously thought. Gonadal hormone deficiency is the most common condition, followed by growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, cortical hypofunction, and diabetes insipidus. Elucidating the pathophysiology of hypopituitarism, especially hypogonadism, is a real challenge for medicine
UZOQ VAQTLI KOMA HOLATIDAN CHIQQAN BEMORLARNING RUHIY-EMOTSIONAL HLATI
No full textUshbu maqola bemorlarning hayoti uchun xavf tug’diruvchi koma haqida tushuncha beriladi. Koma holatining turlari, komaga olib keluvchi omillar ham sanab o’tiladi. Uzoq vaqtli komani boshdan kechirgan bemorlarning psixikasi haqida ma’lumot beriladi
DAVLAT VA NODAVLAT UROLOGIK TIBBIY MUASSASALARDA HAMSHIRALAR FAOLIYATINI YAXSHILASH YO‘LLARINING O’RGANILGANLIGI
No full textDunyoda urologik kasalliklar bilan kasallanish oshib borayotganligi, oxirgi 30 yil ichida 60% ga oshganligi urologik kasalliklarni parvarishlash va tibbiy yordam ko’rsatish tizimini yanada takomillashtirish muhim ekanligini ko‘rsatadi. Ushbu maqola davlat va nodavlat urologik tibbiy muassasalarda hamshiralar faoliyatini yaxshilash yo‘llari o‘rganilgan ilmiy tadqiqot natijalari taxliliga bag‘ishlangan
SURFACTANT DEFICIENCY IN NEWBORNS OF MOTHERS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
No full textNewborns of mothers with diabetes mellitus (DM) constitute a high-risk group for developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), the primary cause of which is a deficiency or immaturity of the pulmonary surfactant system. Maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy leads to fetal hyperglycemia and compensatory fetal hyperinsulinemia. Excess insulin in the fetus exerts an inhibitory effect on the maturation of type II pneumocytes and surfactant synthesis, likely through antagonism with the action of cortisol. This delays lung maturation and increases the risk of RDS development, even in full-term or near-term infants. Understanding these mechanisms underscores the importance of strict glycemic control in pregnant women with DM for preventing neonatal respiratory complications. This article reviews the key pathophysiological links, clinical manifestations, and approaches to the prevention and treatment of RDS in this category of newborns
ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЭХОКАРДИОГРАФИИ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ СЛОЖНЫХ ВРОЖДЁННЫХ ПОРОКОВ СЕРДЦА У ДЕТЕЙ: СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР
No full textВ статье представлен систематический обзор с элементами PRISMA, посвящённый оценке эффективности эхокардиографии в диагностике сложных врождённых пороков сердца (ВПС) у детей. Анализ выполнен по структуре IMRaD и включает исследования, опубликованные на русском языке за последние 5 лет. В обзор вошли оригинальные работы и обзоры, соответствующие критериям качества. Результаты показали, что как пренатальная, так и постнатальная эхокардиография обладают высокой диагностической точностью при выявлении сложных ВПС – чувствительность метода достигает 95–98%, специфичность – около 99%. Эхокардиография доказала свою ценность как основной метод первичной диагностики, позволяющий своевременно выявлять критические пороки, снижать младенческую смертность и повышать эффективность кардиохирургического лечения. Обсуждаются ограничения метода, роль дополнительных визуализирующих технологий и необходимость развития экспертного эхокардиографического скрининга в регионах
CLINICAL AND SURGICAL EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH NASAL POLYPOSIS UNDERGOING ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY
No full textNasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa characterized by benign growths causing nasal obstruction, anosmia, and recurrent infections. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has become a standard treatment for refractory cases. This study aims to evaluate clinical presentation, surgical outcomes, and postoperative quality of life in patients undergoing ESS for nasal polyposis.
Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted on 45 patients with confirmed nasal polyps who underwent ESS at Samarkand State Medical University between October 2024 and March 2025. Preoperative symptom severity, surgical details, and postoperative follow-up data were collected.
Results: Patients showed significant symptomatic improvement postoperatively, especially in nasal obstruction and sense of smell. Complications were minimal and manageable. The Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score improved markedly after surgery.
Conclusion: ESS is an effective and safe procedure for patients with nasal polyposis unresponsive to medical therapy, improving both objective findings and patient-reported outcomes
OPTIMIZATION OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA WITH CHOLESTEATOMA: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
No full textChronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) with cholesteatoma remains a significant health challenge worldwide due to its potential to cause persistent otorrhea, hearing impairment, and life-threatening complications if left untreated. Cholesteatoma is a destructive lesion of keratinizing squamous epithelium within the middle ear and mastoid process that erodes bone and surrounding structures. This comprehensive study conducted over three years at Samarkand State Medical University involved 150 patients diagnosed with CSOM accompanied by cholesteatoma. The research aimed to assess the clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, surgical treatment modalities, and postoperative outcomes to optimize patient management. This scientific study focuses on the clinical and diagnostic features, treatment methods, and postoperative outcomes of patients suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) with cholesteatoma. Chronic suppurative otitis media remains a significant otorhinolaryngological problem worldwide, often leading to hearing loss, persistent ear discharge, and, in severe cases, intracranial complications. Cholesteatoma, as a destructive and expanding growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and mastoid, poses particular challenges in terms of early diagnosis and effective management.
The research was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology No. 2 at Samarkand State Medical University, involving 150 patients diagnosed with CSOM with cholesteatoma over a period of three years. A comprehensive clinical evaluation, audiological testing, radiological imaging including high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and microbiological analysis were performed. Surgical treatment approaches, including tympanomastoidectomy and canal wall-up or canal wall-down procedures, were analyzed for efficacy and postoperative recovery.
The study reveals that early diagnosis combined with individualized surgical interventions significantly improves hearing outcomes and reduces the risk of complications. Moreover, it highlights the role of adjunctive antibiotic therapy and postoperative care in enhancing patient prognosis. The findings contribute to the optimization of treatment protocols for CSOM with cholesteatoma, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary management and patient education in preventing disease progression and recurrence
AVTONOM NERV TIZIMI FIZIOLOGIYASI
No full textUshbu maqolada avtonom (vegetativ) nerv tizimining tuzilishi, funksiyalari va uning inson organizmidagi fiziologik jarayonlarni boshqarishdagi roli yoritilgan. Avtonom nerv tizimi ixtiyorsiz faoliyatlarni – yurak urishi, nafas olish, ovqat hazm qilish, bezlar sekresiyasi kabi hayotiy muhim jarayonlarni boshqaradi. Maqolada simpatik va parasimpatik bo‘linmalarning vazifalari, ular orasidagi muvozanat, shuningdek, bu tizimning turli ichki organlar faoliyatiga ta’siri haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan. Avtonom nerv tizimidagi buzilishlarning klinik jihatlari ham qisqacha ko‘rib chiqiladi