JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE AND LIFE-SCIENCE RESEARCH
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POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS): PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT
Get PDFPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The syndrome has multifactorial etiology involving genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors. This article reviews the current understanding of PCOS pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies. Emphasis is placed on early diagnosis, individualized treatment plans, and lifestyle interventions. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) represents a multifaceted endocrinological condition influencing female fertility and metabolism. Hallmarks comprise irregular menstrual cycles, androgen excess, and ovarian cyst formation. Genetic predisposition, hormonal disturbances, and lifestyle factors collectively contribute to its onset. This article explores molecular mechanisms, clinical assessment protocols, and therapeutic interventions. By integrating current evidence, it emphasizes patient-specific strategies that optimize reproductive and metabolic health outcomes
TREATMENT OF DEFORMING ARTHROSIS OF THE KNEE JOINT IN VARUS OR VALGUS DEFORMITY
Get PDFHowever, they do not provide an idea of the articular surface of the tibial plateau. Ultrasonography, CT, MRI, and arthroscopy made it possible to significantly facilitate preoperative planning and rationally determine subsequent surgical tactics. A number of authors indicate that when comparing MRI and arthroscopy data, changes in the capsular ligamentous apparatus and menisci were confirmed in 87.0% of cases. Rehabilitation arthroscopy allows for the complete evacuation of exudate from the knee joint, which in itself leads to significant clinical improvement, since chronic joint diseases are accompanied by pronounced changes in the synovial membrane and synovial composition. In addition, arthroscopic treatment of gross degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the capsular ligamentous apparatus and articular cartilage significantly improves, and in some cases accelerates, the processes of restoring the ability to support the lower extremities of patients with deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Conservative treatment of deforming arthrosis of the knee joint in varus or valgus deformity brings only temporary relief and does not prevent the progression of the process. Currently, surgical treatment of osteoarthritis has become widespread. Osteotomies are the oldest and most frequent bone surgeries in orthopedics
АЁЛЛАРДА APEX 1 (RS2307486) ГЕНИ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМЛАРИНИНГ ПОДАГРА РИВОЖЛАНИШИДАГИ РОЛИНИ БАҲОЛАШ
Get PDFУшбу илмий тадқиқот подагра касаллиги ва симптомсиз гиперурикемияга чалинган аёлларда APEX1 (rs2307486) ген полиморфизмининг учраш частотаси, унинг подагранинг клиник кечиши, яллиғланиш кўрсаткичлари ва метаболик ўзгаришларга таъсирини баҳолашга қаратилган. Тадқиқотда 18–75 ёшдаги 322 нафар иштирокчи қатнашди: подаграли аёллар (I гуруҳ), подаграли эркаклар (II гуруҳ), симптомсиз гиперурикемияли аёллар (III гуруҳ) ва соғлом назорат гуруҳи. Генетик таҳлил полимераза занжирли реакцияси усулида амалга оширилди. Аниқланишича, T/G ва G/G генотиплари подагранинг оғир клиник кечиши, юқори сийдик кислотаси, яллиғланиш биомаркерлари, креатинин ва атерогенлик индекси билан боғлиқ. T/T генотипи эса ҳимояловчи шакл сифатида баҳоланди. Бу натижалар APEX1 (rs2307486) полиморфизмини подагранинг эрта диагностикаси, оғирлик даражасини баҳолаш ва шахсийлаштирилган даволаш стратегияларини ишлаб чиқишда биомаркер сифатида қўллаш имконини кўрсатади
NEUROENDOCRINE DYSFUNCTION CAUSED BY TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Get PDFThis article presents data on the prevalence of hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The effects of hypopituitarism on cognitive function are described, as well as the types of adrenal insufficiency depending on the level of damage to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS ON THE GLIDING OF A FIGURE SKATER
Get PDFThis paper examines the influence of athlete anthropometric characteristics (body weight, height, body proportions) and dynamic movement parameters (speed, push-off force, support angle, center of mass trajectory characteristics) on gliding efficiency in figure skating. Based on the analysis of existing biomechanical models and experimental data, quantitative relationships are presented that allow us to evaluate the contribution of each parameter to glide stability, speed, and length. The results can be used in athlete training, technique optimization, and equipment selection. Gliding is a key component of figure skating technique, determining both the quality of spins and jumps and the expressiveness of choreographic elements. Gliding efficiency is a multiparametric value that depends on both the athlete's physical properties and motor control characteristics.
In recent decades, the significance of biomechanical factors influencing the interaction between the skate blade and the ice surface has been assessed. However, quantitative comparative studies of the role of anthropometry and movement dynamics are limited. This article aims to systematize and analyze these factors
FEATURES OF THE MICROBIOTA OF THE RESPIRATORY AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CLINICAL COURSE OF BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
Get PDFModern concepts of the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary diseases include the concept of the microbiota as a systemic regulator of immune reactions. The leading role is acquired by the “gut–lung axis,” which ensures the metabolic and immune interaction of micro-ecosystems.
Purpose of the study: to conduct a comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of the respiratory and intestinal tracts in children with bronchopulmonary pathology (BPP) and to determine its relationship with the clinical course of diseases.
Materials and methods. The study included 140 children, of which 110 had BPP and 30 served as control. Quantitative microbiological studies of biomaterial from the respiratory tract and intestines were performed. Correlation, cluster and comparative analyses were carried out.
Results. Significant disturbances of the microbiocenosis were established, characterized by a decrease in Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. and an increase in conditionally pathogenic microflora. Correlation analysis revealed a close relationship between the severity of intestinal dysbiosis and the severity of respiratory symptoms (r=0.74; p<0.001). A system of microbiological profiling of patients was developed.
Conclusion. The obtained data confirm the diagnostic and prognostic significance of assessing the microbiocenosis of the respiratory and intestinal tracts in children with BPP, as well as the effectiveness of stratifying patients according to microbiological profiles
HEPATOCARDIORENAL SYNDROME (HCRS): MODERN CONCEPT, CLINICAL PHENOTYPING, AND CARDIOLOGICAL PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR CIRRHOSIS AND OPP/GRS
Get PDFHepatocardiorenal syndrome (HRC) describes a clinical continuum in which liver cirrhosis, myocardial dysfunction (including cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and/or concomitant heart failure) and acute renal damage (AR), including hepatoorenal syndrome-AR (HRS-AR), mutually reinforce each other. At the center of the pathogenesis are splanchnic vasodilation and a decrease in "effective arterial volume," neurohumoral activation, systemic inflammation, limitation of cardiac reserve, and/or venous congestion, which worsens the filtration gradient in the kidneys. The practical meaning of the GCS concept is to move away from the simplification of "this is GCS → all albumin and vasoconstrictor" and to transition to phenotyping: underfilling, congestion, or mixed variant. The tactics of volumetric therapy, the choice of vasoactive agents, as well as the safety and appropriateness of cardiological drugs (diuretics, β-blockers, RAAS/ARNI inhibitors, SGLT2- inhibitors, statins, and anticoagulants) depend on the phenotype. (1-9
EARLY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN THE ORAL CAVITY: SCREENING FOR DENTAL CARIES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASES
Get PDFEarly detection of dental caries and periodontal disease is critical to preserve oral structures, reduce treatment complexity, and improve systemic health outcomes. This review summarizes established and emerging screening and diagnostic methods for early-stage caries and periodontal disease, compares diagnostic performance where evidence exists, outlines practical chairside workflows, and highlights promising biomarkers and digital tools that may shift screening paradigms in coming years
ПЕРВИЧНЫЙ ИММУНОДЕФИЦИТ У ДЕТЕЙ С СЕПСИСОМ: ЛАБОРАТОРНО-ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ И КЛИНИКО-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ
Get PDFАктуальность. Первичные иммунодефициты (PID) являются важной, но часто недиагностируемой причиной тяжёлого, рецидивирующего или нехарактерно протекающего сепсиса у детей раннего возраста. В условиях реанимации ранняя диагностика PID может изменить тактику лечения и прогноз. [1]
Цель. Оценить частоту подозрений на первичный иммунодефицит у детей 0–3 лет с сепсисом, описать ключевые лабораторно-иммунологические характеристики и предложить алгоритм доступной диагностики в условиях клиники.
Материал и методы. Исследование — ретроспективно-проспективная наблюдательная детей 0–36 месяцев, госпитализированных в отделение реанимации с диагнозом сепсиса/септического шока за период (2022–2025). Собраны клинические данные, результаты общеклинических и иммунологических обследований: общий анализ крови (ОАК), С-реактивный белок (CRP), прокальцитонин (PCT), посевы крови, уровни сывороточных иммуноглобулинов (IgG, IgA, IgM), субпопуляции лимфоцитов (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, NK) методом flow-цитометрии, тест DHR (нейтрофильный оксидативный взрыв), CH50 (комплемент), при необходимости — исследование специфических антител к вакцинным антигенам. [2]
Выводы. В условиях отделения реанимации своевременное включение базовых иммунологических тестов (Ig-панель, ОАК с подсчётом лимфоцитов, flow-цитометрия субпопуляций, DHR, CH50) при сепсисе у детей раннего возраста позволяет выявлять кандидатов на PID, что важно для персонализации терапии и направления на генетическое консультирование. Рекомендуется разработать локальный алгоритм скрининга и маршрутизации пациентов для дальнейшего иммунологического и генетического обследования
НЕКРОТИЗИРУЮЩИЙ ЭНТЕРОКОЛИТ (НЭК) НОВОРОЖДЁННЫХ
Get PDFНекротизирующий энтероколит (НЭК) новорождённых - неспецифическое воспалительное заболевание, вызываемое инфекционными агентами на фоне незрелости механизмов местной защиты и гипоксически-ишемического повреждения слизистой кишечника. Летальность колеблется от 28 до 30%. Ранняя диагностика базируется на клинической картине, рентгенологическом исследовании брюшной полости, данных лабораторных тестов. Представлена популярная классификация по M. Bell (1979) в модификации M. Walsh и R. Kliegmaп (1986), имеющая большое значение в выборе метода лечения. Дана информация по этиологии, патогенезу, клинической картине, стадиям развития, тактике лечения НЭК. Отражены также показания к хирургическому вмешательству, его характеру, а также осложнения