JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE AND LIFE-SCIENCE RESEARCH
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HEARING SCREENING IN NEWBORNS: IMPORTANCE AND IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES
Get PDFThis article explores the significance of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) programs, their role in early detection of congenital hearing loss, and the major challenges associated with implementation in diverse healthcare systems. Hearing loss is among the most common congenital disorders, with a prevalence of 1–3 per 1,000 live births, and can profoundly affect speech, language, and cognitive development if undetected during infancy. The study evaluates the benefits of early diagnosis, compares different screening technologies such as otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR), and analyzes practical barriers including financial limitations, lack of trained personnel, and inadequate follow-up systems. Findings indicate that early identification through systematic screening significantly improves linguistic and educational outcomes, yet successful program execution requires integrated policy support, professional training, and public awareness initiatives
THE RANGE OF HORMONAL DRUGS AND THE RELEVANCE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF CAUTION IN THEIR USE
Get PDFThe National Toxicology Program defined low-dose effects as those that occur in the range of human exposures or effects observed at doses below those used for traditional toxicological studies. We review the mechanistic data for low-dose effects and use a weight-of-evidence approach to analyze five examples from the EDC literature. Studies of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology for decades, particularly the dogma of "the dose makes the poison. "Authors also investigate nonmonotonic dose-response curves, which are characterized by a nonlinear relationship between dose and effect in which the slope of the curve changes sign at some point within the range of doses under investigation. In addition to hundreds of examples from the literature on cell culture, animals, and epidemiology, we offer a thorough explanation of the mechanisms causing these events. We demonstrate how low-dose effects and nonmonotonic responses are extremely prevalent in research on EDCs and natural hormones. Epidemiological research indicates that environmental exposure to EDCs is linked to human diseases and impairments, therefore it is no longer speculative if low dosages of EDCs affect specific human disorders. We conclude that the effects at high doses cannot be used to predict the effects at low levels when nonmonotonic dose-response curves are present. Therefore, to safeguard human health, major modifications in chemical testing and safety determination are required. This exercise emphasizes the role of the interprofessional team in educating patients about birth control while reviewing the pharmacology, indications and contraindications, and different formulations of oral contraceptives. When it comes to recommending OCPs, the primary care or ob/gyn team is probably the most effective because of the process of matching patients with the recommended strategy
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ALLERGIC AND NON-ALLERGIC RHINITIS: CLINICAL FEATURES AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES
Get PDFThis study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR), focusing on differences in clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic response. Allergic rhinitis, characterized by IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to environmental allergens, often presents with sneezing, nasal itching, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction. Non-allergic rhinitis, in contrast, manifests similar symptoms but lacks an immunologic basis, often being triggered by irritants, hormonal changes, or idiopathic mechanisms. The study involved a detailed clinical evaluation of patients with both conditions to assess symptom severity, comorbidities, and treatment outcomes following medical therapy. The results indicate that although symptom overlap exists, AR tends to have seasonal exacerbations and higher association with conjunctivitis and asthma, while NAR shows a more constant course influenced by nonspecific triggers. Treatment response to antihistamines and corticosteroids was superior in AR, whereas NAR required a more individualized regimen involving intranasal anticholinergics and capsaicin therapy. The study concludes that precise differentiation between AR and NAR based on clinical, immunological, and diagnostic findings is essential for optimal management and improved patient outcomes
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD) AND CHRONIC LARYNGITIS
Get PDFThis article explores the clinical and pathophysiological relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic laryngitis, emphasizing diagnostic challenges, mechanisms of mucosal injury, and treatment outcomes. GERD is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder caused by retrograde flow of gastric contents into the esophagus, which can extend to the laryngopharyngeal area, resulting in extra-esophageal manifestations such as chronic laryngitis, hoarseness, cough, and throat clearing. The study analyzes clinical data to determine the frequency of laryngeal inflammation secondary to GERD, investigates the role of pepsin and acid exposure in mucosal damage, and evaluates the therapeutic effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and lifestyle modifications. Results confirm a strong association between GERD and chronic laryngitis, with a significant proportion of patients exhibiting symptomatic improvement after antireflux therapy. The findings underscore the importance of multidisciplinary management involving otolaryngologists and gastroenterologists for optimal patient outcomes
ТАЛАБАЛАРНИНГ ФАСТ-ФУДГА (ТЕЗКОР ОВҚАТ) БЎЛГАН МУНОСАБАТЛАРИ
Get PDFУшбу тадқиқот Гулистон давлат университетининг тиббиёт факултети Клиник фанлар кафедрасида учинчи курс талабалари билан ўтказилди. Адабиётлар шарҳи, сўровномалар ва маълумотларни таққослаш таҳлили ўтказилди. Эллик нафар талаба, жумладан, 25 нафар қиз ва 25 нафар ўғил болалар сўровномадан ўтказилди. Респондентларнинг аксарияти (67%) камдан-кам ҳолларда тезкор овқат истеъмол қиладилар, уни соғлом овқатлар билан алмаштирадилар. Респондентларнинг 33% тез-тез юқори калорияли газакларни истеъмол қилишга мажбур
OSTEOCHONDROSIS: PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS, AND MODERN MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
Get PDFOsteochondrosis represents a group of disorders characterized by localized disruption of the normal development, structure, and function of the epiphyseal cartilage and subchondral bone, leading to varying degrees of skeletal deformity, joint dysfunction, and chronic pain. This condition primarily affects growing individuals, with a higher prevalence observed in adolescents and young adults engaged in repetitive physical activity or high-impact sports. The pathogenesis of osteochondrosis is multifactorial, involving mechanical stress, microvascular compromise, genetic predisposition, and aberrant endochondral ossification processes. Clinically, patients present with pain, restricted joint mobility, swelling, and in advanced cases, structural deformities observable via imaging modalities. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are critical for preventing permanent musculoskeletal impairment and ensuring effective management. This study evaluates the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying osteochondrosis, delineates characteristic clinical features, and examines contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, including conservative measures, physiotherapy, pharmacological interventions, and surgical approaches. Utilizing a comprehensive review of clinical cases, radiographic imaging, magnetic resonance assessment, and patient-reported outcome measures, the research identifies patterns in disease progression and assesses the efficacy of modern treatment paradigms. Findings suggest that individualized management plans based on lesion localization, severity, and patient activity level substantially improve functional outcomes and mitigate long-term musculoskeletal complications. This analysis underscores the importance of integrating pathophysiological understanding with clinical evaluation and evidence-based interventions to optimize patient care in osteochondrosis. Osteochondrosis is a multifactorial orthopedic condition that primarily affects growing individuals, resulting from disruptions in the normal development and vascularization of the epiphyseal cartilage and subchondral bone. The condition encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders characterized by varying degrees of skeletal deformity, joint dysfunction, and chronic pain, often exacerbated by repetitive mechanical stress and microvascular insufficiency. The pathophysiology involves a combination of genetic predisposition, aberrant endochondral ossification, and localized ischemia leading to necrosis of the cartilage and adjacent bone tissue. Clinically, patients present with activity-induced pain, swelling, reduced range of motion, and, in advanced stages, structural deformities that may impair daily function and quality of life. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent irreversible joint damage and optimize therapeutic outcomes. The present study investigates the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of osteochondrosis, correlates clinical manifestations with imaging findings, and evaluates contemporary management strategies including conservative interventions, physiotherapeutic protocols, pharmacological therapy, and surgical procedures. By analyzing data collected from clinical examinations, imaging studies, and patient-reported outcomes, this research identifies patterns in lesion progression, treatment efficacy, and long-term functional recovery. The findings emphasize the importance of individualized therapeutic planning, integrating pathophysiological understanding with evidence-based interventions to improve patient prognosis, reduce pain, restore joint function, and enhance overall musculoskeletal health
A REVIEW STUDY ON SHALYAJA NADI VRANA (PILONIDAL SINUS) AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Get PDFShalyaja Nadi Vrana is a chronic sinus condition described in classical Ayurvedic literature, characterized by persistent discharge, pain, and recurrent infection due to the presence of foreign material. It closely correlates with Pilonidal Sinus Disease in modern medicine, which commonly affects the sacrococcygeal region. Acharya Sushruta has categorized Nadi Vrana among Ashtamahagada owing to its chronic and recurrent nature. Despite advancements in modern surgical techniques, recurrence remains a major challenge. Ayurvedic para-surgical measures, particularly Ksharsutra therapy, offer effective management with minimal complications and reduced recurrence. This review critically analyzes the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, classification, and management of Shalyaja Nadi Vrana from both Ayurvedic and modern perspectives
OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION: DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, AND COMPLICATIONS
Get PDFThis article provides a detailed analysis of otitis media with effusion (OME), focusing on its etiology, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and potential complications. OME, also known as “glue ear,” is a non-suppurative inflammation of the middle ear characterized by the presence of serous or mucoid fluid behind an intact tympanic membrane without signs of acute infection. The condition is most prevalent among children but also affects adults, often resulting in conductive hearing loss and speech delay if untreated. The study highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms involving Eustachian tube dysfunction, recurrent upper respiratory infections, and allergic inflammation. Diagnostic modalities such as otoscopy, tympanometry, and audiometry are discussed alongside modern treatment methods including medical therapy, autoinflation, and surgical interventions such as tympanostomy tube insertion and adenoidectomy. The findings indicate that early diagnosis and individualized management significantly reduce long-term complications such as hearing impairment, chronic otitis media, and structural damage to the middle ear
TALABALARDA EKOLOGIK MADANIYATNI MUJASSAMLANTIRISH JIHATLARI
Get PDFMazkur ishda shu kunning eng dolzarb masalalaridan biri bo’lgan- ekologik madaniyatni talaba - ёшlarda mujassamlantirish jihatlari to’g’risida fikr-mulohazalar bayon qilingan
THE IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON NASAL AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH IN URBAN POPULATIONS
Get PDFThis article explores the detrimental effects of air pollution on nasal and respiratory health among urban populations, emphasizing the relationship between exposure to airborne pollutants and the prevalence of upper and lower respiratory diseases. Rapid industrialization, vehicular emissions, and urban overcrowding have significantly increased environmental pollution, making it a major public health concern. The study examines how particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), ozone (O₃), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to nasal inflammation, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. By analyzing clinical and epidemiological data, the study highlights that prolonged exposure to polluted air causes epithelial damage, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation in the respiratory mucosa. The findings demonstrate a clear association between poor air quality and increased incidence of respiratory illnesses, underscoring the urgent need for preventive measures, improved air quality policies, and community health interventions