Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science
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Integrated Management of Hawthorn Diseases: Development, Harm, and Control Measures
No full textThis study examines the primary diseases affecting hawthorn (Crataegus pontica K. Koch), addressing a significant gap in integrated pest management literature concerning these diseases' development and control. Utilizing a comprehensive approach, we combined field observations, laboratory analyses, and integrated pest management (IPM) techniques to assess the impact of diseases such as powdery mildew, brown spot, tracheomycosis, rust, white spot, and moniliosis. Our findings indicate that these diseases significantly impair hawthorn's growth and yield, with powdery mildew and brown spot being the most detrimental. Results demonstrate that implementing a combination of agrotechnical, biological, and chemical control measures effectively mitigates disease spread and damage. This study's implications underscore the importance of adopting an integrated management system to enhance hawthorn's viability and productivity, providing valuable insights for agricultural practices and future research in plant disease management
Comparison Of Data Collection Algorithms Using Some Mixed Distributions
No full textThe current research aims to compare different data clustering algorithms, focusing on algorithms that use Mixture distributions. We will discuss how these algorithms work, their advantages and disadvantages, and their efficiency in clustering diverse data in size and structure. A comprehensive analysis will also be conducted by applying these algorithms to multiple data sets to evaluate the performance, efficiency, and accuracy of clustering by using them in Mixture distributions. (Mixture Exponential Distribution, Mixture Weibull Distribution, Mixture Pareto distribution) were chosen as applications to study clustering algorithms. Comparing different data clustering algorithms when using Mixture distributions, which are a type of statistical models that depend on merging several probability distributions to represent data, as well as the widespread use of these algorithms in data analysis and extracting patterns of that data, which makes them a powerful tool in many practical applications such as classification, pattern recognition, and statistical predictions. After a detailed presentation of the different clustering algorithms, the algorithm evaluation mechanism, and some Mixture distributions, the researcher concluded that each algorithm has a work that cannot be dispensed with or replaced and that all algorithms are highly efficient in their field of work if the conditions and specifications of each algorithm are adhered to. Therefore, the researcher recommended dealing with these algorithms, each according to its work, to obtain the best results
Synthesis, Characterization and Study of Antibacterial Activity and Laser Efficacy of New Isoxazoline Derivatives
No full textThis "study involves the preparation of heterocyclic pentameric rings derived from isoxazoline compounds using chalcones as nuclei by reacting previously prepared chalcones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride using ethanol as solvent. Spectroscopic measurements confirmed the activity of the prepared compounds. Examples include infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and quantitative elemental analysis (C.H.N). Physical measurements such as melting point, color and product percentage were also performed. Bioavailability was evaluated using two known antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates (Gram-negative Escherichia coli (Gram-ve) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+ve) and compared with controls. The antibiotic comparison reagent (control) was amoxicillin. The stability of the prepared compounds against a helium-neon laser was tested over periods of 15-60 s by shining the laser on the compounds and then observing the color change and melting" poin
Synthesis, Characterization & Biological Survey of Novel 1,2,4-Triazole Schiff Base Derivatives
No full textIn the present study, a new ligand, 4-{[(1E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3 nitrophenyl) ethylidene]amino}-5-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (L) and synthesis of iron (III), copper (II) and red copper (III) complexes. By using techniques including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, mass, molar conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility, the ligand and its complexes were verified to be real. Researchers looked into the compounds' antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ligand's bioavailability investigations and its complexes showed good results compared to a standard antibiotic (ampicillin). Theoretical calculations were performed using the Hyperchem program and the electrostatic potential was studied using a semiempirical approach, which provided good information about the location of the complex. In addition, the stabilization energies of the complexes were studied. Based on the magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity results, for the Cr(III) and Fe(III) complexes, we suggest an octahedral geometry, and for the Cu(II) complex, a tetrahedral geometry
Study of Projects Quality in Construction industry in Thi-Qar City, Iraq
No full textThis study examines the quality of construction projects in Thi-Qar city, located in southern Iraq, in the context of ongoing challenges such as political instability, inadequate funding, and managerial inefficiencies. Despite the critical role of construction in regional development, limited research has addressed the specific factors affecting project quality in this region. To address this gap, the study aims to identify key quality challenges by categorizing them into financial and economic, managerial and operational, and external factors. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the research highlights issues such as insufficient contractor experience, poor operational decisions, and limited adoption of modern construction technologies. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions by local authorities to comprehensively address these challenges, offering actionable insights to enhance project outcomes and support sustainable development in the region
Comparative Studies on the Assessment of Parameters of Water in Different Blocks of District Agra
No full textThe aim of this study is to assessment of parameters of water in different blocks of district Agra. The samples of water were collected from the different blocks in district Agra, Uttar Pradesh ( Blocks are- Barauli Ahir, Shamsabad, Fatehabad, Etmadpur and Kheragarh). Groundwater samples of various locations were analyzed for determination of degree of pollution with respect to the following physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, total hardness, total alkalinity, turbidity, etc.). During the months of May to July, 2022. The samples were collected from the ground water of the different blocks in pre-cleaned polyethylene bottles
Must be Brief, Informative and Indicates the Main Point(s) of the Paper. ( 5-10 Words) font size Minion Pro16
No full textShould not be more than 250 words and is constructed in 1 paragraph which includes brief description of the paper and a summary of the key conclusions . The abstract should adhere to international standards: introduction (one sentence), materials/methods, results, conclusions
Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test for Two Salmonella Typhimurium (TA100, TA98) Strains to Detect Mutant and Carcinogenic Effect of Some Insect Growth Regulators
No full textThis study has aimed to investigate the imutant influence of three insect growth regulators (IGRs): Neporex and Apploud, which belong to chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs), and Admiral, which belong to juvenile hormone analog JHAs. In Iraq , Kerbala Governorate of December 2022 . These IGRs are used to insect control by using biological methods including the study of reversal mutation for two strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA100, TA98) in two ways: The plate incorporation method and the fluctuation method. The results showed that the CSIs (Neporax, Applaud) have mutant influence in bacteria cells for all used concentrations( which are prepared after determining the minimal inhibition concentration for each growth regulator). The plate incorporation method, It has been noticed that the numbers of reversal colonies in each strain increased with increasing concentrations compared with spontaneous reversal colonies in negative control. In using the fluctuation methods, It has been noticed increasing the turbid hole numbers which shows the material effect on bacteria mutation. The result referred to the positive relationship between concentration and the number of holes when testing Admiral (JHIs) by plate incorporation and fluctuation methods, the result has shown there is no mutant effect on Salmonella typhimurium. The statistical analysis has shown there are no significant differences between the numbers of reversal colonies and unclear holes as a result of different concentration treatments of JHIs with negative control of both strains (TA100, TA98)under testing
Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soil and Vegetation Near Fuel Filling Stations in Thi-Qar Governorate
No full textThis study assesses the ecological situation near fuel filling stations in Thi-Qar Governorate by analyzing the alteration of heavy metals in soil and vegetation. The objective is to evaluate the environmental status of the area, considering heavy metal accumulation as an indicator of soil pollution and the impact of plants on fuel pollutants. Research methods include the measurement of heavy metals using an atomic absorption device and calculation of total soil and plant pollution factors. Results indicate high concentrations of lead (Pb) in soil samples from stations 1 and 2, with significant differences observed (p < 0.05). However, concentrations of other heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd) remained within permissible limits. The study highlights the role of soil and root systems in heavy metal accumulation and the potential impact on the food chain due to combined air and soil pollution near fuel filling stations
Assessment of Saliva Lead and Cadmium Levels and Its Association with Dental Caries in Fuel Stations Workers in the City of Nasiriyah
No full textAccording to certain notions, saliva can be a helpful indicator of environmental contamination, especially exposure to heavy metals like lead and cadmium. The study examined the associations between salivary lead and cadmium level with the dental caries: 35 saliva samples of workings in gasoline stations were analyzed for lead and cadmium . A clinical oral examination was performed using the World Health Organization's criteria to identify carious lesions. The median (range) (0.128 ± 0.056) μg/dl concentration of lead in the saliva of fuel stations workers was significantly higher than the median (range) of control group (p< 0.05). The results obtained also showed that the values of saliva lead levels in many workers were higher than action and upper limits acceptable for age > 35 years at p. value < 0.05 while Cd level a significant increase of Cd level in patients that age ≤ 35 years, while decrease in patients that age > 35 years. In fuel station workers, the duration of exposure to leaded fuel was significantly correlated with the saliva lead level. Also significant differences in saliva lead and cadmium concentrations were found in relation to smoking. The current study showed a significant increase of both Cd and Pb levels in caries patients those who did not take care of oral hygiene compared with those who take care of oral hygiene the medium range (0.083 ± 0.032) of lead and (0.0344 ± 0.008) of cadmium. The salivary lead level significantly correlated with the dental caries. The findings showed that tooth caries is associated with high levels of heavy metals in saliva. According to the current research, saliva might be a suitable substitute for biological lead exposure monitoring