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Automated Extraction of Labels from Large-Scale Historical Maps
Get PDFHistorical maps are frequently neither readable, searchable nor analyzable by machines due to lacking databases or ancillary information about their content. Identifying and annotating map labels is seen as a first step towards an automated legibility of those. This article investigates a universal and transferable methodology for the work with large-scale historical maps and their comparability to others while reducing manual intervention to a minimum. We present an end-to-end approach which increases the number of true positive identified labels by combining available text detection, recognition, and similarity measuring tools with own enhancements. The comparison of recognized historical with current street names produces a satisfactory accordance which can be used to assign their point-like representatives within a final rough georeferencing. The demonstrated workflow facilitates a spatial orientation within large-scale historical maps by enabling the establishment of relating databases. Assigning the identified labels to the geometries of related map features may contribute to machine-readable and analyzable historical maps
The internationalization of architectural practice: Mobilizing dependence to secure and enhance (relational) autonomy on the construction site
Get PDFMore than any other profession, architecture has been shaped by the tension between autonomy and heteronomy. Recently, however, this dichotomy is seen as unproductive for understanding architects’ practices in-depth, especially in the context of the growing internationalization that is transforming and restructuring architectural practice. The paper applies the lens of ‘relational autonomy’, grasping architectural practice in relation to the actions of other built environment professionals, and to material artefacts. Dependence is framed not as a threat but as a productive potential. The focus of the paper is on the practices of less prominent architects in celebrity global firms. More specifically, the paper explores the practices enacted during the actual materialization of design-ambitious edifices, on-site and in the workshops of sub-contractors. The main argument is that less visible architects can secure and enhance the (relational) autonomy of global architects during construction, by actively shaping a specific working context, where they can purposefully mobilize dependence. Practices during construction generate new opportunities for creative engagement and enhance architects’ influence over processes beyond their autonomous actions, thereby enabling the making of products with high symbolic value
Karl Schneider and his Architecture of the 1920s. A Composition of Opposites
Get PDFIn den 1920er und 1930er Jahren für sein Werk international anerkannt, geriet der deutsche Architekt Karl Schneider (1892–1945) nach seiner Emigration und seinem frühen Tod bald in Vergessenheit. Ab den 1970er Jahren wurde Schneider zwar wiederentdeckt, doch beschränkt sich die Wahrnehmung seiner Entwürfe bis heute auf einen eher regionalen Kontext. Auffallend dabei ist die Vielfalt der Be-wertungen, die das Werk des Architekten entweder als äußerst bedeutenden Beitrag zur Entwicklung der Moderne, als regionale, moderatere Variante des Neuen Bauens oder schlicht als freies und für sich stehendes Werk sehen.
Vor dem Hintergrund dieser unterschiedlichen Betrachtungsweisen steht die Ausarbeitung einer übergeordneten Charakterisierung von Schneiders Hamburger Werk im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit. Etwaige Zusammenhänge zwischen der Beschaffenheit von Schneiders Architektur und deren heterogener Bewertung sollen untersucht sowie eine Kontextualisierung des Werks vorgenommen werden. Die Arbeit beleuchtet zum einen die Rahmenbedingungen von Schneiders Wirken, um die spezifischen Merkmale seiner Architektur im Zusammenhang ihrer Entstehungszeit besser beurteilen zu können. Zum anderen werden im Sinne eines Querschnitts durch die verschiedenen Bautypen ausgesuchte Gebäude und Entwürfe des Architekten eingehend betrachtet und die daraus gezogenen Erkenntnisse zu einer allgemeinen Aussage über Schneiders Werk zusammengeführt.
Als Ergebnis dieser Analyse hat sich mit der Komposition von Gegensätzen ein zentrales Motiv aus Schneiders Entwürfen herauskristallisiert. Es tritt auf verschiedenen Ebenen auf und umfasst städtebauliche, baukörperliche, räumliche, typologische, konstruktive sowie gestalterische Aspekte. Kennzeichnend ist dabei, dass nicht die Gegensätze an sich, sondern die aus ihrer Komposition entstehende, spannungsvolle Harmonie den Ausdruck von Schneiders Architektur prägt und zu deren Vielschichtigkeit beiträgt. Für die Einordnung in den zeitgenössischen wie auch architekturhistorischen Zusammenhang ist die Entwicklung dieses Prinzips wie auch der für Schneider typischen Formensprache bereits in der ersten Hälfte der 1920er Jahre und damit in einer durchaus vielfältigen Entwicklungsphase des Neuen Bauens ausschlaggebend. Im Sinnes eines differenzierten Modernebegriffs verkörpert Schneiders sich an Prinzipien und nicht an stilistischen Vorgaben orientierende Architektur ein auf der künstlerischen Komposition beruhendes, in seiner Qualität herausragendes und richtungsweisendes Werk der Frühmoderne.Internationally recognized for his work in the 1920s and 1930s, the German architect Karl Schneider (1892-1945) fell into oblivion for a long time after his emigration and early death. Although Schneider was rediscovered from the 1970s onwards, the perception of his designs is still limited to a more regional context. Remarkable is the diversity of evaluations, which see the architect's work either as an extremely significant contribution to the development of modernism, as a regional, more moderate variant of ›Neues Bauen‹, or simply as a free and independent work.
In view of these different perspectives, the present study focuses on the elaboration of a superordinate characterization of Schneider's Hamburg work. Possible connections between the nature of Schneider's architecture and its heterogeneous evaluation are examined and a contextualization of his achievements is undertaken. On the one hand, the work illuminates the general conditions of Schneider's work in order to assess appropriately the specific characteristics of his architecture in connection with its time of origin. On the other hand, selected buildings and designs by the architect are evaluated in detail in the sense of a cross-section through various building types. The insights thereby gained are brought together to a general statement on Schneider's oeuvre.
As a result of this analysis, the composition of opposites has emerged as a central motif from Schneider's designs. It appears on various levels and comprises urban planning, structural, spatial, typological, constructive and design aspects. A significant feature of Schneider's architecture is that it is not the contrasts as such, but the intriguing harmony resulting from their composition that characterises the expression of Schneider's architecture and contributes to its complexity. The development of this principle and of Schneider's typical formal language already in the first half of the 1920s, and thus in a very diverse phase of the development of ›Neues Bauen‹, is decisive for the classification in the contemporary as well as the architectural-historical context. Schneider’s architecture, which is based on principles and not on stylistic specifications, represents in the sense of a differentiated concept of modernity a pioneering work of early modernism based on artistic composition and outstanding in its quality
Backward simulation of temperature changes of District Heating networks for enabling loading history in predictive maintenance
Get PDFSustainable Cities: A KPI-Driven Sustainable Evaluation Framework for Smart Cities
Get PDFCities are currently dealing with the sustainable transition from carbon-based economies to carbon-neutral cities. The H2020 mySMARTLife project seeks to demonstrate innovative technologies through the implementation of about 150 innovative energy solutions in the cites of Nantes, Hamburg and Helsinki. The evaluation framework that was defined and validated in the project enables the assessment of the environmental, energy, economic, social, ICT and governance aspects of replicable and sustainable smart city solutions with a high market potential. The main features and the process for their definition will be described in this paper
Stakeholder Participation in the Planning and Design of Nature-Based Solutions. Insights from CLEVER Cities Project in Hamburg
Get PDFCities are essential players in responding to the present complex environmental and social challenges, such as climate change. The nature-based solution (NbS) concept is identified in the scientific discourse and further recognized by the European Commission as a part of the solution to address such challenges. Deploying NbS in urban contexts requires the cooperation of different public and private stakeholders to manage those processes. In this paper, the experiences of establishing and managing NbS-related processes following a co-creation approach in the city of Hamburg within the framework of an EU-funded research project (CLEVER Cities) are described and analyzed. The paper identifies and discusses the main emerging factors and challenges from (1) a procedural and methodological perspective and (2) concerning the different roles of the diverse stakeholders involved. This discussion is grounded in the context of existing regulations and novel concepts for citizens’ participation in urban decision-making processes. As research results, the article defines the leading players involved in the process and their roles and interrelationships, along with recommendations for future policy agendas in cities when dealing with NbS planning
Urban and spatial planners as pioneers of sustainable transformation
Get PDFFür die Stadt- und Raumplanung stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern Planerinnen und Planer, die innovative Vorstellungen für eine nachhaltige Planungspraxis und räumliche Entwicklung haben, den im Rahmen der großen Transformation geforderten Wandel initiieren oder mitgestalten und folglich als Pioniere des Wandels bzw. Transformationspioniere gelten können. Dabei nehmen sie verschiedene Rollen als Experten-, Prozess-, Macht- oder Beziehungspromotoren mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Funktionen, Kompetenzen und Aufgaben ein. Das vorliegende Kapitel basiert auf einer Befragung von Praxisakteuren aus der Stadt- und Raumplanung bzw. Raumentwicklung. Es wird analysiert, ob die ausgewählten Praxisakteure mit innovativen und nicht-konformistischen Ansätzen, Konzepten und Vorstellungen über ein Pionier-Potenzial verfügen, welche Restriktionen ihrem Wirken entgegenstehen und wie es ihnen gelingt, diese zu überwinden. Die Ergebnisse deuten an, dass die Pioniere der Stadt- und Raumplanung einen substantiellen Beitrag zur Nachhaltigkeitstransformation leisten können. Dies gilt insbesondere für ihre Funktionen in der Prozessgestaltung und der Vermittlung zwischen verschiedenen Akteuren, die an der nachhaltigen Raumentwicklung beteiligt sind. Darüber hinaus entwickeln sie eigene innovative Ideen und integrierte Lösungen, um Städte und Regionen nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Dabei zeigen sich Kommunikation, Kooperation und Integration sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb der Verwaltung als Schlüsselstrategien einer nachhaltigen Planungspraxis. Traditionelle Instrumente, wie Flächennutzungspläne und Entwicklungskonzepte, bilden dagegen allenfalls einen begrenzten Ausschnitt der Realität der Stadt- und Raumentwicklung ab. Mit Blick auf das Studium der Stadt- und Raumplanung wird abschließend diskutiert, dass die Hochschulen insbesondere das freie und kritische Denken fördern und vorherrschende Annahmen infrage stellen sollten, um die Studierenden auf ihren individuellen Wegen zur nachhaltigen Transformation von Städten und Regionen zu unterstützen.In the field of urban and spatial planning, the question arises to which extent planners who have innovative ideas for sustainable planning practice and spatial development initiate or help shape such ideas within the framework of the great transformation. This determines whether they can be viewed as pioneers of change or transformation pioneers. In this context, they take on different roles as expertise promoters, process promoters, power promoters or relationship promoters with different functions, competences and tasks. This chapter is based on a survey of practitioners from urban and spatial planning and spatial development. It analyses firstly whether the selected practitioners have pioneer potential in terms of innovative and non-conformist approaches, concepts and ideas, secondly which restrictions hinder their activities, and thirdly how they manage to overcome these hindrances. The results suggest that pioneers of urban and regional planning can make a substantial contribution to the sustainability transformation. This is particularly true for their work in process design and mediation between various stakeholders involved in sustainable spatial development. Moreover, they develop innovative ideas and integrated solutions for the more sustainable design of cities and regions. Communication, cooperation and integration emerge as key strategies of sustainable planning practice both within and outside the administration. Traditional instruments like land-use plans and development strategies, only represent a limited segment of the reality of urban and spatial development. Finally, attention turns to higher education in urban and spatial planning. It is recommended that universities should particularly promote free and critical thinking and should question dominant assumptions so as to encourage students to follow their individual paths towards the sustainable transformation of urban areas and regions
Octa-Oasis: Activation of underutilized public space at Leipziger Platz in Berlin to promote community engagement.
Get PDFPublic squares are legacy elements in the urban structure of our cities. These multi-functional spaces serve a multitude of uses varying in their nature of use - political, recreational and cultural. Across European cities in the late twentieth century, an effort was made to regain control of these public spaces for the benefit of pedestrians and cyclists. This has resulted in a more active community-level engagement. However, the former dominance of the vehicular aspect is still seen in some squares in European cities, as in the case of Leipziger Platz in Berlin.
Leipziger Platz in Berlin has a historical significance in the city as this is a square that was once seen as part of the city's shopping axis housing one of Europe's largest departmental store, Wertheim back then. The heritage buildings along its iconic octagonal profile were then gradually abandoned and destroyed as the Berlin wall was erected. For the next decades, the square
which was once part of the city's urban core was disused and lost its significance. However, after the fall of the Berlin Wall and through efforts and funding from private developers the entire area around the square was redeveloped into a hub of office and commercial activity, as it stands today. Gradually the city made efforts to restore the legacy of the former spaces. However, the
important traffic route that once passed through the center of this square was restored and led to the divided nature of the square we see today.
In Berlin today this square remains a space that is not actively used but has considerable pedestrian movement along its central axis due to the recent opening of the Mall of Berlin in place of the former departmental store. This thesis aims to activate pedestrian usage within the square with the implementation of urban design interventions that foster community interactions while addressing the traffic situation in the area. In doing so the project aims to give the city of Berlin
an activated space that will serve as a respite for the many commuters that pass through the central district
