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Energieeffizientes Renovieren von Gebäuden in Brasilien
Get PDFNatural ventilation in buildings is a beneficial passive strategy for conditioning buildings for different climates. Beside its potential to promote energy efficiency it can improve indoor air quality in buildings along with health and wellbeing for their occupants. The achievement of these benefits is related to a good architectural design where type, geometry and location of openings are defined. Different types of openings provide different air change rates. A parameter to distinguish windows regarding their ventilation efficiency is the discharge coefficient. It describes the actual airflow in relation to the ideal airflow. The discharge coefficient varies according to the type of opening, ventilation area besides other physics factors as pressure, velocity and air density. Recent researches on the topic have used the same value of discharge coefficient for different window types. This simplification implies inaccurate results in the estimation of airflow provided by the openings. More reliable values based on experimental analysis can be found in the literature for some types of openings. In order to complement these studies this research aims to characterize additional window types produced in Brazil and Germany. Wind tunnel measurements are performed at the State University of Campinas (Unicamp).
With measured discharge coefficients thermal building simulations are done for a typical office room in Brazil. It is found that the use of double glazing halves the energy demand for cooling. A simple control algorithm for air conditioning is developed. In comparison with a usually used constant setpoint for air conditioning units the energy demand for cooling can be reduced up to 93%.
Additional tracer gas measurements for direct measurement of the air change rate are done in an office room at the HafenCity University (HCU) are done. A strong dependency between wind flow direction and air exchange rate is proved.Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD
The need for disciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and scientific societies - the cartographic perspective
Get PDFDo we still need Cartography? Do we still need a cartographic society? These questions, which can also be transferred to other disciplines, are answered from disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives – which creates an ideal connection to the networked and interdisciplinary thinking of Gottfried Konecny. The need for Cartography as a discipline is discussed based on a view on historic, current and future functions of maps and changing research and development requirements. With respect to interdisciplinarity, Cartography shows connections to various domains while more and more relationships with young areas from the field of Computer Science are developing. With regard to cartographic societies, their central role and importance as networking platforms are emphasized. Nevertheless, geographical and thematic granularities of societies as well as networking formats (including online versions) need to be evaluated and further developed on a constant basis
Resource Efficient Planning in Niš, Serbia : New Housing Post-Socialism ; Resource efficiency in architecture and planning master’s program 11th generation winter semester 2020/21
Get PDFThis brochure highlights the works of the 11th generation REAP students’ third project in the context of Resource Efficient Planning in Niš, Serbia - New Housing Post-Socialism. The aim of Project III was to develop strategies and design interventions to support the resource efficient planning in the Somborska Boulevard neighborhood and to solve some of the issues of the residents. The results of this study are presented in this brochure, which highlight various facets of resources (water, mobility, waste, energy, and open spaces) and the recommendations for achieving efficiency within the neighborhood.
This collaborative project was initiated between the department of REAP at HafenCity University, Hamburg, Germany and the Architecture department of the Technical University of Niš, Serbia. Due to the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, this joint project could not be conducted in the conventional fashion. Hence, both universities managed to work together during a virtual workshop in November, 2020. For the study, each group from Hamburg worked with multiple groups from Niš in exchange for site information such as pictures, interviews, and insights of the local situation
Proposal of a demolition and disassembly methodology for old buildings in order to maximize the material recovery potential based on the LCA results the case study of the Leek municipal workshop building, Westerkwartier in Groningen, Netherlands
Get PDFThe investigation of this thesis would aim to
measure the environmental performance of
materials throughout their lifecycle in an old
municipal building, with a public function,
by evaluating various environmental impact
indicators and the embodied carbon in the
materials the building consists of, followed by a
proposal of potential ways to reuse or recycle the
materials once they reach their end of operational
life.
The objective is to maximize the resource
efficiency of the building after destruction and
reconstruction, by utilizing the recycled materials
in the new construction. It would eventually
shift the urban district towards having a more
beneficial environmental footprint, through the
footprint enhancement and material recycling of
the individual buildings that form it. The focused
building is a forty six years old one that needs to
be demolished and rebuilt, within the reformation
plan of an urban quarter in Westerkwartier district
in Groningen, Netherlands
Using Object Detection on Social Media Images for Urban Bicycle Infrastructure Planning: A Case Study of Dresden
Get PDFWith cities reinforcing greener ways of urban mobility, encouraging urban cycling helps to reduce the number of motorized vehicles on the streets. However, that also leads to a significant increase in the number of bicycles in urban areas, making the question of planning the cycling infrastructure an important topic. In this paper, we introduce a new method for analyzing the demand for bicycle parking facilities in urban areas based on object detection of social media images. We use a subset of the YFCC100m dataset, a collection of posts from the social media platform Flickr, and utilize a state-of-the-art object detection algorithm to detect and classify moving and parked bicycles in the city of Dresden, Germany. We were able to retrieve the vast majority of bicycles while generating few false positives and classify them as either moving or stationary. We then conducted a case study in which we compare areas with a high density of parked bicycles with the number of currently available parking spots in the same areas and identify potential locations where new bicycle parking facilities can be introduced. With the results of the case study, we show that our approach is a useful additional data source for urban bicycle infrastructure planning because it provides information that is otherwise hard to obtain
Content-based Image Retrieval for Map Georeferencing
Get PDFIn recent years, libraries have made great progress in digitising troves of historical maps with high-resolution scanners. Providing user-friendly information access for cultural heritage through spatial search and webGIS requires georeferencing of the hundreds of thousands of digitised maps.
Georeferencing is usually done manually by finding “ground control points”, locations in the digital map image, whose identity is unambiguous and can easily be found in modern-day reference geodata/mapping data. To decide whether two symbols from different maps describe the same object, their semantic and spatial relations need to be matched. Automating this process is the only feasible way to georeference the immense quantities of maps in conceivable time. However, automated solutions for spatial matching quickly fail when faced with incomplete data – which is the greatest challenge when comparing maps of different ages or scales.
These problems can be overcome by computing map similarity in the image domain. Treating maps as a special case of image processing allows efficient and robust matching and thus identification of geographical regions without the need to explicitly model semantics. We propose a method to encode worldwide reference VGI mapping data as image features, allowing the construction of an efficient lookup index. With this index, content-based image retrieval can be used for both geolocating a given map for georeferencing with high accuracy. We demonstrate our approach on hundreds of map sheets of different historical topographical survey map series, successfully georeferencing most of them within mere seconds
World Bank experiments in housing: microfinance for self-organised housing in Mexico in the era of financial inclusion
Get PDFFramed by an agenda of financial inclusion, housing for and by the poor has become a field of experimentation. These experiments have included the introduction of small, non-mortgage loans dedicated to the construction and improvement of self-organised housing. This paper provides a close reading of how such housing microfinance schemes have been introduced in Mexico with the support of the World Bank since the early 2000s. We highlight how the roll-out of the new schemes has been facilitated through several loans aimed at structural reforms of the Mexican housing sector. Yet while wrapped in a pro-poor discourse, it ultimately served the goal of expanding housing finance to low and middle-income groups. The ensuing implementation, however, was a complex and protracted process. We argue that it was characterised by experimentation, negotiations, and failures, both within state institutions as well as between state actors, World Bank representatives, and civil society. The conclusion presents Mexico’s housing agendas as a field of finance-induced experimentation, in which institutional ruptures resulting from the changes in government rub against the long-term engagement of local housing associations and activists. The latter have played an important role in setting noteworthy limits to financially driven interests
Valuing the Invaluable(?)—A Framework to Facilitate Stakeholder Engagement in the Planning of Nature-Based Solutions
Get PDFNature-based solutions (NBS) have emerged as an important concept to build climate resilience in cities whilst providing a wide range of ecological, economic, and social co-benefits. With the ambition of increasing NBS uptake, diverse actors have been developing means to demonstrate and prove these benefits. However, the multifunctionality, the different types of benefits provided, and the context-specificity make it difficult to capture and communicate their overall value. In this paper, a value-based framework is presented that allows for structured navigation through these issues with the goal of identifying key values and engaging beneficiaries from the public, private, and civil society sector in the development of NBS. Applied methods such as focus groups, interviews, and surveys were used to assess different framework components and their interlinkages, as well as to test its applicability in urban planning. Results suggest that more specialized “hard facts” might be needed to actually attract larger investments of specific actors. However, the softer and more holistic approach could inspire and support the forming of alliances amongst a wider range of urban stakeholders and the prioritization of specific benefits for further assessment. Consequently, it is argued that both hard and soft approaches to nature valuation will be necessary to further promote and drive the uptake of NBS in cities
15.090 I Strukturen, Narrative und Mechanismen der Wohnungssuche wohnberechtigter Geflüchteter in Hamburg
Get PDF15.090 wohnberechtigte wohnungslose Geflüchtete leben im Juli 2019 in Hamburger Folgeunterkünften. Im Schlaglicht des massiven Mangels an vor allem bezahlbarem Wohnraum in deutschen Städten gehören Geflüchtete zu den Wohnungssuchenden mit den geringsten Chancen auf dem freien Wohnungsmarkt und müssen oft Jahre in öffentlicher Unterbringung ausharren. Doch erst durch ein Zuhause wird ein Überlebensraum zum Lebensraum. Und so steht die Frage, inwiefern Menschen an einem Ort ankommen und an der Gesellschaft teilnehmen können, in direktem Zusammenhang mit ihren Teilhabemöglichkeiten auf dem Wohnungsmarkt.
Die Arbeit betrachtet Implikationen, Mechanismen, Handlungsfähigkeiten, Strukturen und Politiken einer Wohnungssuche Geflüchteter in Hamburg und stellt neben der lokalen Ausgangslage auf die Suche einwirkende Vektoren heraus. Die explorative Forschung zeichnet individuelle Suchbiografien Geflüchteter sowie die Positionen wohnungsgebender und institutioneller Akteur:innen nach. Drei Exkurse kontextualisieren die Erkenntnisse theoretisch und erschließen neue Bedeutungsebenen des Wohnens, der Marginalisierung Geflüchteter auf dem Wohnungsmarkt sowie temporärer Aushandlungsräume.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, an welchen Stellen und in welcher Form sich die Zugangsschwierigkeiten Geflüchteter zum Wohnungsmarkt in Hamburg manifestieren und stellen eine Passivierung und hegemonial auferlegte Handlungsunfähigkeit Geflüchteter während ihrer Wohnungssuche heraus. Sie offenbaren zudem einen massiven Mangel an Wohnraum für vordringlich Wohnungssuchende sowie die Passivität seitens der Wohnungswirtschaft und der Behörden, diesem entgegenzutreten.
Durch das Sichtbarmachen sowohl des Prozesses als auch der Strukturen der Wohnungssuche Geflüchteter werden Grenzen und Fehlstellen sowie darauf aufbauend Chancen eruiert und schließlich in Form einer Montage diskutiert. Mit dem Ziel, Potentiale aufzudecken, die die Wohnraumsuche Geflüchteter in Hamburg positiv beeinflussen können, versteht sich diese Arbeit somit auch als Beitrag zu einer wohnungspolitischen Debatte