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Knowledge and opinions of healthcare workers about Legionnaires' disease
No full textBroj slučajeva legionarske bolesti u svijetu se značajno povećao u zadnjem desetljeću te je taj trend i danas prisutan. Legionarska bolest je karakterizirana vrlo nespecifičnim znakovima od strane dišnog sustava (upala pluća s općim znakovima infekcije uzrokovana bakterijom Legionella pneumophila), te je važno povećati svijest o mogućnosti njene pojave, kako bi se kod sumnje na pojavu legionarske bolesti provelo testiranje i tako spriječilo daljnje širenje bolesti iz nekog izvora.
Svrha ovog istraživanja je utvrditi znanje zdravstvenih djelatnika/ca Republike Hrvatske o legionarskoj bolest. Provedenim se istraživanjem željelo ustanoviti u kojoj su mjeri zdravstveni djelatnici upoznati sa uzročnikom, načinima širenja, simptomima, kliničkom slikom, dijagnostičkim pretragama i drugim specifičnostima legionarske bolesti; te kakav stav imaju prema toj bolesti, ovisno o socio-demografskoj grupaciji kojoj pripadaju.
Rezultati prikupljeni od gotovo 200 zdravstvenih djelatnika/ca pokazuju da zdravstveni djelatnici zaposleni na različitim razinama sustava zdravstvene zaštite se ne razlikuju statistički značajno u razini znanja o legionarskoj bolesti no da je ta razina relativno niska te da pogrešno identificiraju osnovne simptome legionarske bolesti, dok polovica ne zna koji dijagnostički testovi nedvojbeno ukazuju na legionarsku bolest. Niska razina znanja o uzročniku i glavnim značajkama legionarske bolesti, čini slabo vjerojatnim da će se bolest na vrijeme uočiti i spriječiti njeno daljnje širenje u populaciji. Stoga je potrebno poduzeti dodatne napore kako bi se znanja o legionarskoj bolesti jasno prikazala zdravstvenim djelatnicima, kako bi temeljem tog znanja djelovali u svojoj sredini i prepoznavanjem pojave bolesti, osigurali ispravnu dijagnostiku, pravovremeno i liječenje i skrb o oboljelome. Istodobno, zdravstveni djelatnici s visokom razinom znanja o uvjetima razmnožavanja legionela (temperaturni raspon), načinima širenja (aerosolima iz sustava klimatizacije i vodovodnog sustava, bez izravnog prijenosa među ljudima) i predisponirajućim čimbenicima mogu djelotvorno utjecati na sprječavanje daljnjih slučajeva i širenje legionarske bolesti.The number of cases of Legionnaires' disease in the world has increased significantly in the last decade, and this trend is still present today. Legionnaires' disease is characterized by very non-specific signs of the respiratory system (pneumonia with general signs of infection caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila), and it is important to increase awareness of the possibility of its occurrence, so that if Legionnaires' disease is suspected, testing can be carried out and thus prevent further spread of the disease from some source. The purpose of this research is to determine the knowledge of healthcare workers in the Republic of Croatia about Legionnaires' disease. The research aimed to determine the extent to which healthcare workers are familiar with the causative agent, modes of spread, symptoms, clinical picture, diagnostic tests and other specific features of Legionnaires' disease; and what their attitude towards the disease is, depending on the socio-demographic group to which they belong.
The results collected from almost 200 healthcare professionals show that healthcare professionals employed at different levels of the healthcare system do not differ statistically significantly in their level of knowledge about Legionnaires' disease, but that this level is relatively low and that they incorrectly identify the basic symptoms of Legionnaires' disease, while half of them do not know which diagnostic tests unequivocally indicate Legionnaires' disease. The low level of knowledge about the causative agent and the main features of Legionnaires' disease makes it unlikely that the disease will be detected in time and its further spread in the population will be prevented. Therefore, additional efforts are needed to clearly present knowledge about Legionnaires' disease to healthcare professionals, so that they can act on the basis of this knowledge in their environment and by recognizing the occurrence of the disease, ensure correct diagnosis, timely treatment and care for the patient. At the same time, healthcare professionals with a high level of knowledge about the conditions for the reproduction of Legionella (temperature range), the ways of spread (aerosols from air conditioning and water systems, without direct transmission between people) and predisposing factors can effectively influence the prevention of further cases and the spread of Legionnaires' disease
Comparative analysis of national action plans for combating antimicrobial resistance
No full textAntibiotici su lijekovi koji djeluju na bakterije te su namijenjeni liječenju i prevenciji bakterijskih infekcija. Imamo baktericidne antibiotike koji "ubijaju" bakterije i bakteriostatske antibiotike koji "sprječavaju rast" bakterija. Antibiotike također dijelimo prema spektru njihovog djelovanja, kemijskoj strukturi i mehanizmu djelovanja. Antimikrobni lijekovi mogu biti prirodni proizvodi mikroorganizama ili sintetski proizvodi. Antibiotici su stupovi moderne medicine i znatno su pridonijeli napretku zdravstvene zaštite. Svaka zlouporaba i kriva primjena antibiotika, dovodi do antimikrobne rezistencije. Antimikrobna rezistencija (AMR) javlja se kada bakterije, virusi, gljivice i paraziti ne reagiraju na antibiotike, odnosno na antimikrobne tretmane kod ljudi i životinja, te se time omogućava preživljavanje mikroorganizama unutar domaćina. Antimikrobna rezistencija također se širi i zbog upotrebe antimikrobnih sredstva u hrani za stoku i općenito u prehrambenoj industriji. Kako bi se spriječio rast antimikrobne rezistencije potrebne su međunarodne suradnje i suradnje svih vladinih i ne vladinih agencija. Antimikrobna rezistencija veliki je javnozdravstveni problem na globalnoj razini. 2015- te godine Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija odobrila je izradu Globalnih akcijskih planova o antimikrobnoj rezistenciji, te je time pozvala sve zemlje da naprave i provedu nacionalne akcijske planove za AMR. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija izradila je priručnik sa smjernicama za održivu provedbu nacionalnih akcijskih planova. Države diljem svijeta izradile su planove, naveli su svoje ciljeve i strategije, no pojedine države suočavaju se sa problemima vezanih uz realizaciju ciljeva i strategija.
Ovaj rad uspoređuje osam država i njihovih Nacionalnih planova o otpornosti bakterija na antibiotika. To su planovi: Hrvatske, Crne Gore, Danske, Norveške, Njemačke, Kine, Nigerije i Kenije. Sve zemlje imaju jedan zajednički cilj – smanjiti antimikrobnu rezistenciju.Antibiotics are bacteria-acting medicines designed to treat and prevent bacterial infections. We have bactericidal antibiotics that “kill” bacteria and bacteriostatic antibiotics that “prevent the growth” of bacteria. Antibiotics are also distributed according to their spectrum of activity, chemical structure and mechanism of action. Antimicrobials can be natural products of microorganisms or synthetic products. Antibiotics are pillars of modern medicine and have contributed significantly to the progress of health care. Any abuse and misuse of antibiotics leads to antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites do not respond to antibiotics, or antimicrobial treatments in humans and animals, allowing the survival of microorganisms within the host. Antimicrobial resistance also spreads due to the use of antimicrobials in feed and in the food industry in general. International cooperation and cooperation between all governmental and non-governmental agencies is needed to prevent the growth of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem globally. In 2015, the World Health Organization approved the development of global antimicrobial resistance action plans, inviting all countries to develop and implement national AMR action plans. The World Health Organization has developed a guide manual for the sustainable implementation of national action plans. Countries around the world have drawn up plans, stated their goals and strategies, but some countries face problems related to the realisation of goals and strategies.
This paper compares eight countries and their national plans on antibiotic resistance. These are plans: Croatia, Montenegro, Denmark, Norway, Germany, China, Nigeria and Kenya. All countries have one common goal: to reduce antimicrobial resistance
System for security and information events management
No full textZavršni rad detaljno istražuje pojam, primjenu i važnost Sustava za upravljanje sigurnosnim i informacijskim događajima (Security information and event management) u okviru informacijske sigurnosti i kibernetičke otpornosti organizacija u Republici Hrvatskoj. Teorijski dio rada obuhvaća arhitekturu i funkcionalnost SIEM sustava, proces njegovog implementiranja, kao i razlike između srodnih tehnologija kao što su Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) i Extended Detection and Response (XDR). Također je obrađena uloga SIEM-a u detekciji, praćenju i odgovaranju na sigurnosne incidente kao i prednosti koje ovi sustavi posjeduju u okviru zakonske usklađenosti i operativne efikasnosti.
Praktični dio rada, s jedne strane, oslikava potpuno realizirane primjene SIEM sustava kod srednje velike financijske institucije u Hrvatskoj, dok s druge strane prikazuje izazove implementacije, postignute rezultate i usklađenost s regulativnim okvirom. Posebno je izdvojeno SIEM rješenje u kontekstu odredbi NIS 2 direktive, Zakona o kibernetičkoj sigurnosti Republike Hrvatske, kao i norme ISO/IEC 27001:2022. Analiza pruža zaključak da integracija SIEM, zahvaljujući suvremenim tehnologijama, značajno podiže razinu kibernetičke sigurnosti, omogućava pravovremeno identificiranje prijetnji, kao i jednostavnije ispunjavanje zakonskih i regulatorni obaveza iz područja kibernetičke sigurnosti.
U radu su dane preporuke za uspješnu implementaciju rješenja, kao i uputstva za organiziranje i planiranje vezane uz proces definiranja i unapređenja integriranog sustava upravljanja sigurnosnim događajima.The thesis thoroughly explores the concept, application, and significance of Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems within the framework of information security and cybersecurity resilience of organizations in the Republic of Croatia. The theoretical part of the paper covers the architecture and functionality of SIEM systems, the process of their implementation, as well as the differences between related technologies such as Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) i Extended Detection and Response (XDR). It also addresses the role of SIEM in detecting, monitoring, and responding to security incidents, as well as the advantages these systems provide in terms of legal compliance and operational efficiency.
The practical part of the thesis depicts the fully realized implementation of SIEM systems in a medium-sized financial institution in Croatia and outlines the challenges of implementation, achieved results, and compliance with the regulatory framework. The SIEM solution is specifically analyzed in the context of the provisions of the NIS 2 Directive, the Cybersecurity Act of the Republic of Croatia, and the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard. The integration of SIEM, due to applied state-of-the-art technologies, significantly enhances the institutions’ cybersecurity posture, enables timely identification of threats, and facilitates easier compliance with supervisory bodies.
The thesis provides recommendations for the successful implementation of the solutions, as well as guidelines for organizing and planning related to the process of defining and improving an integrated Security Information and Event Management system
Sleep Quality in Female Football Players
No full textUvod: San je ključan za fizičko i mentalno zdravlje svih ljudi, a osobito je važan za sportaše jer izravno utječe na sportsku izvedbu, regeneraciju i oporavak. Kod sportaša često se javljaju poremećaji sna, posebice uoči utakmica, što može negativno utjecati na lučenje hormona rasta i sposobnost oporavka. Nogomet, kao intenzivan kontaktni sport, zahtijeva visoku razinu fizičke spremnosti i mentalne stabilnosti. Zbog učestalih ozljeda, osobito mišićnih, zglobnih i ligamentarnih, kvalitetan san jest izrazito važan faktor za prevenciju i rehabilitaciju. Nogometašice su posebno podložne određenim vrstama ozljeda (npr. ozljede prednjeg križnog ligamenta), što dodatno naglašava potrebu za analizom njihove kvalitete sna. Povezanost kvalitete sna s treningom, ozljedama, mentalnim zdravljem i drugim čimbenicima temelj je ovog istraživanja.
Cilj: Cilj ovog rada bio je detaljno ispitati kvalitetu sna nogometašica kroz subjektivnu samoprocjenu. Također se analizirala moguća povezanost između učestalosti i intenziteta treninga te kvalitete sna, kao i prisutnost raznih psihofizičkih simptoma (npr. tjeskoba, razdražljivost, itd.) koji mogu biti povezani s lošim snom. Cilj je ujedno i razumjeti kako navedeni faktori mogu utjecati na sportsku izvedbu i kapacitet oporavka sportašica.
Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno putem anketnog upitnika izrađenog u Google Formsu. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 30 nogometašica. Anketni upitnik sastojao se od 75 pitanja koja su bila raspoređena u 4 kategorije; 1. Opći podaci i privola, 2. Skala ovisnosti o vježbanju, 3. Skala pobuđenosti prije treninga, 4. Pittsburgh indeks kvalitete spavanja (PSQI) koji je služio za procjenu subjektivne kvalitete sna.
Rezultati: Istraživanje je uspoređeno s nekoliko drugih istraživanja provedenih u različitim sportovima, te u usporedbi s drugim istraživanjima nogometašice imaju bolju kvalitetu sna i manje problema s dnevnom pospanošću. Prosječna duljina stvarnog sna tijekom noći bila je 7 sati te je samoprocjena pospanosti tijekom dana i učestalosti korištenja lijekova za nesanicu bila niska. Kako san ima veliku ulogu kod nogometašica za sportsku izvedbu, ali i brži oporavak, izrazito je važno da ne dođe do pretreniranosti i do smanjene kvalitete sna. Vrlo je važno da nogometašice imaju dovoljno sati stvarnog sna zbog samog normalnog funkcioniranja i bolje sportske izvedbe.Introduction: Sleep is essential for the physical and mental health of all people, and is particularly important for athletes because it directly affects sports performance, regeneration and recovery. Athletes often experience sleep disorders, especially before matches, which can negatively affect growth hormone secretion and recovery ability. Football, as an intense contact sport, requires a high level of physical fitness and mental stability. Due to the frequent injuries, especially muscle, joint and ligament injuries, quality sleep is an extremely important factor for prevention and rehabilitation. Female football players are particularly susceptible to certain types of injuries (e.g. anterior cruciate ligament injuries), which further emphasizes the need to analyze their sleep quality. The connection between sleep quality and training, injuries, mental health and other factors is the basis of this research.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine in detail the sleep quality of female soccer players through subjective self-assessment. The possible association between training frequency and intensity and sleep quality was also analyzed, as well as the presence of various psychophysical symptoms (e.g. anxiety, irritability, etc.) that may be associated with poor sleep. The aim is also to understand how these factors may affect sports performance and recovery capacity of female athletes.
Methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire created in Google Forms. 30 female soccer players participated in the study. The questionnaire consisted of 75 questions that were divided into 4 categories; 1. General information and consent, 2. Exercise addiction scale, 3. Pre-training arousal scale, 4. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) which was used to assess subjective sleep quality.
Results: The study was compared with several other studies conducted in different sports, and compared to other studies, female soccer players have better sleep quality and fewer problems with daytime sleepiness. The average duration of actual sleep per night was 7 hours, and self-assessment of daytime sleepiness and the frequency of using insomnia medication was low. Since sleep plays a major role in female soccer players for sports performance, but also for faster recovery, it is extremely important to avoid overtraining and reduced sleep quality. It is very important that female soccer players have enough hours of real sleep for normal functioning and better athletic performance
The role of social media in the promotion of running events
No full textOvaj rad istražuje ulogu društvenih mreža u promociji trkačkih događaja u Hrvatskoj. Korištenjem kvalitativne metode intervjua s organizatorima utrka analizirane su strategije koje organizatori koriste kako bi povećali vidljivost, broj prijava i angažman publike. Rezultati pokazuju da organizatori najčešće koriste Facebook i Instagram, pri čemu se Facebook ističe kao dominantna platforma zbog većeg broja pratitelja i naprednijih mogućnosti ciljanja oglasa. Iako većina ispitanika vjeruje da aktivna prisutnost na društvenim mrežama pozitivno utječe na vidljivost događaja i broj prijava, konkretna učinkovitost promotivnih kampanja u pravilu se ne mjeri sustavno. Uočen je prostor za profesionalizaciju digitalnih strategija, osobito u segmentima korištenja analitičkih alata i uključivanja influencera iz same trkačke zajednice.This paper explores the role of social media in promoting running events in Croatia. Using a qualitative interview method with race organizers, the study analyzes the strategies employed to increase visibility, registration numbers, and audience engagement. The results show that organizers most commonly use Facebook and Instagram, with Facebook standing out as the dominant platform due to a larger follower base and more advanced ad targeting capabilities. Although most respondents believe that an active presence on social media positively impacts event visibility and the number of registrations, the actual effectiveness of promotional campaigns is generally not measured systematically. There is noticeable room for the professionalization of digital strategies, particularly in the use of analytical tools and the involvement of influencers from within the running community
Incidence and association of electrolyte disturbances with outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
No full textIzvanbolnički srčani zastoj (ISZ) pokreće brojne metaboličke i elektrolitske poremećaje, uključujući kombiniranu acidozu, disbalans glukoze i promjene u razinama kalija, kalcija, magnezija i laktata. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 38 ispitanika s ISZ-om, od čega je 78% bilo muškaraca, a najzastupljenija dobna skupina bila je od 70 do 79 godina. Ventrikularna fibrilacija bila je najčešći početni ritam (79%). Većina ispitanika (53%) imala je normalne vrijednosti kalija, dok je 36% imalo hipokalijemiju, a 7,9% hiperkalijemiju. Kod primjene infuzija, fiziološka otopina od 500 ml korištena je kod 28,9 % pacijenata, dok su ostale bile kombinacije. Rezultati statističke analize pokazali su značajnu razliku u vrijednostima kalija između preživjelih i preminulih pacijenata (p = 0,018), dok za ostale elektrolite (natrij, kloridi) te bikarbonate i laktate razlike nisu bile statistički značajne. Rezultati istraživanja ističu važnost elektrolitskog statusa, osobito kalija, kao potencijalnog prognostičkog faktora kod ISZ-a. Također, naglašena je važnost zdravstvenih djelatnika, posebno magistara sestrinstva, u edukaciji javnosti o znakovima srčanog zastoja i osnovnim postupcima oživljavanja. Jedan educirani promatrač može biti presudan za ishod jer pravodobno prepoznavanje i reakcija mogu povećati šansu za preživljenje i do 2-3 puta, što dodatno potvrđuje važnost ulaganja u zdravstvenu pismenost i edukaciju građana.Outpatient cardiac arrest (OHCA) triggers numerous metabolic and electrolytic disorders, including combined acidosis, glucose imbalance, and changes in potassium, calcium, magnesium, and lactate levels. The study included 38 respondents with IZS, of whom 78 % were men, and the most prevalent age group was from 70 to 79 years. Ventricular fibrillation was the most common initial rhythm (79 %). Most respondents (53 %) had normal potassium values, while 36% had hypokalemia and 7.9 % had hyperkalemia. When administration of infusion, saline of 500 ml was used in 28.9 %) % of patients, while the others were combinations. Restorative analysis showed a significant difference in potassium and deceased patients' values (P = 0.018), while for other electrolytes (sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, lactate). The study's results emphasize the importance of electrolytic status, especially potassium, as a potential prognostic factor at IZS. Also, the importance of healthcare professionals, especially the masters of nursing, was emphasized in public education on the signs of heart failure and the basic procedures of revival. One educated observer can be crucial for the outcome because timely recognition and reaction can increase the chance of survival up to 2-3 times, which further confirms the importance of investing in health literacy and education of citizens
Motivation and satisfaction of healthcare professionals in the prison system
No full textUvod: Politike i prakse usmjerene na unapređenje zdravlja u zatvorskom sustavu donose višestruke koristi – ne samo zatvorenicima i široj zajednici, već i samim zdravstvenim djelatnicima, jer pridonose većem profesionalnom zadovoljstvu, motivaciji te smanjenju stresa i psihičke napetosti. Visoka razina motivacije i empatije u ovom specifičnom radnom okruženju nužna je za pružanje kvalitetne i humane zdravstvene skrbi.
Cilj: Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati razinu emocionalne empatije zdravstvenih djelatnika zaposlenih u zatvorskom sustavu Republike Hrvatske te njihove stavove o važnosti specijaliziranih edukacija potrebnih za uspješno obavljanje posla u zatvorskom okruženju. Također je ispitivan utjecaj sociodemografskih obilježja (spol, razina obrazovanja, radno iskustvo) na razinu empatije.
Metode: Primijenjena je kombinacija kvantitativnog i kvalitativnog pristupa. Kvantitativni dio sastojao se od anketnog upitnika s ljestvicom emocionalne empatije i pitanjima o stavovima prema edukaciji, dok su kvalitativni podaci prikupljeni polustrukturiranim intervjuima s četvero medicinskih sestara/tehničara. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 46 ispitanika različitih zdravstvenih profila (medicinske sestre, liječnici, stomatolozi, fizioterapeuti), većinom ženskog spola (62%) i srednje stručne spreme (64%).
Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da zdravstveni djelatnici u zatvorskom sustavu iskazuju umjerenu do visoku emocionalnu empatiju, bez značajnih razlika u odnosu na spol, obrazovanje ili radno iskustvo. Sudionici su izrazili visoko priznanje važnosti specijaliziranih edukacija, smatrajući ih korisnima za unapređenje profesionalnih kompetencija, osobito u području empatije i pristupa specifičnim skupinama poput zatvorenika. Većina ispitanika (95,12%) nije bila upoznata s radom u zatvorskom okruženju tijekom osnovnog ili visokog obrazovanja, što ukazuje na potrebu uključivanja ovih sadržaja u obrazovne programe. Također, rad u zatvorskom sustavu najčešće je rezultat preporuka obitelji i prijatelja, a ne osobne profesionalne inicijative, što upućuje na nedostatak informacija o uvjetima i izazovima ovog rada prije zapošljavanja.
Zaključak: Zaključeno je da je nužno razviti specijalizirane edukacijske programe te kontinuiranu profesionalnu podršku za zdravstvene djelatnike u zatvorskom sustavu, kako bi se osigurala njihova stručnost, emocionalna otpornost i motivacija za dugoročni rad u zahtjevnom okruženju kaznenih ustanova.Introduction: Policies and practices aimed at improving health care within the prison system bring multiple benefits—not only for inmates and the wider community but also for health care professionals themselves. Such policies contribute to higher professional satisfaction, motivation, and reduced stress and psychological tension among staff, which positively affects their overall physical and mental well-being. A high level of motivation and empathy is essential for providing quality and humane health care in this specific working environment.
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the level of emotional empathy among health care professionals employed in the prison system of the Republic of Croatia and to assess their attitudes regarding the importance of specialized education necessary for quality work in this unique environment. The study also explored the influence of sociodemographic factors (gender, education level, work experience) on empathy levels.
Methods: A mixed-methods design was used. The quantitative part included a questionnaire with an emotional empathy scale and questions on perceptions of education, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with four nurses/technicians working in prisons. A total of 46 respondents participated, including various health professions (nurses, physicians, dentists, physiotherapists), mostly female (62%) and with secondary education (64%).
Results: The results showed that health care professionals in the prison system demonstrate moderate to high levels of emotional empathy, with no statistically significant differences based on gender, education, or work experience. Participants highly valued the importance of specialized training, considering it essential for improving their professional competencies, especially in the context of empathy and working with specific populations such as prisoners. Most respondents (95.12%) reported that they had not been introduced to the specifics of prison health care during their formal education, indicating the need to incorporate these topics into educational curricula. Furthermore, employment in the prison system was most often the result of family or friend recommendations rather than personal professional choice, highlighting a lack of prior information regarding the working conditions and challenges of this environment.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the development of specialized educational programs and the provision of continuous professional support are necessary to ensure the competence, emotional resilience, and motivation of health care professionals working in the demanding environment of correctional institutions
The HandbALL IN Program from the Perspective of Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities
No full textUvod: Sport i tjelesna aktivnost imaju mnoštvo dobrobiti na razvoj djece, osobito one s teškoćama u razvoju, ostavljajući tako pozitivne učinke na fizičke, psihičke a i na društvene aspekte njihova razvoja. No, i dalje djeca i mladi s teškoćama u razvoju često nailaze na brojne prepreke prilikom pokušaja uključivanja u sportske programe. HandbALL IN program osmišljen je kako bi omogućio djeci s teškoćama u razvoju sudjelovanje u sportskim aktivnostima te im pružio priliku za inkluziju u zajednicu.
Cilj: Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti stavove roditelja djece i mladih s teškoćama u razvoju o sudjelovanju u ovom programu, uključujući njegove prednosti, izazove i mogućnosti poboljšanja.
Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno metodom intervjua koje je uključivalo 10 roditelja čija su djeca uključena u HandbALL IN program u Novom Marofu.
Zaključak: Rezultati pokazuju zadovoljstvo roditelja programom, ističu brojne prednosti programa no, uz pozitivne aspekte, roditelji ističu potrebu za povećanjem broja termina, što naglašava potrebu veće podrške lokalne zajednice i državnih institucija za provedbu inkluzivnih sportskih programa.Background: Sport and physical activity offer numerous benefits for children's development, especially for those with developmental disabilities, positively impacting their physical, psychological, and social growth. However, children and youth with developmental disabilities still often face many barriers when trying to participate in sports programs. The HandbALL IN program was designed to enable children with developmental disabilities to take part in sports activities and provide them with opportunities for inclusion in the community.
Aim: The aim of this paper was to explore the perspectives of parents of children and youth with developmental disabilities regarding their participation in this program, including its benefits, challenges, and possibilities for improvement.
Methods: The research was conducted using interview methodology, involving 10 parents whose children are enrolled in the HandbALL IN program in Novi Marof.
Results: The results show that parents are satisfied with the program, highlighting its many advantages. However, alongside the positive aspects, parents emphasized the need for an increased number of sessions, pointing to the importance of greater support from local communities and government institutions in implementing inclusive sports programs
Construction of the Regional Education and Rehabilitation Center in Čakovec
No full textOvim završnim radom predočujem postupak izvođenja građevinskih radova dilatacije B na projektu Izgradnje Regionalnog edukacijsko-rehabilitacijskog centra u Čakovcu. Početak rada započinje uvodom u graditeljstvo kako bi lakše pojmili što je to graditeljstvo i od čega se sastoji. Nakon toga uz pomoć projektno-tehničke dokumentacije izrađujem tehnički opis u kojemu jasno opisujem projektni zadatak tj. građevinu, građevinsku česticu, lokaciju građenja, iskaze površina, načine priključenja i slično. Kad smo razradili tehnički opis slijedi nam opisivanje konstrukcije i sadržaja zgrade. Zatim prelazimo na opisivanje tehnologije izvođenja građevinskih radova predmetne dilatacije, pojedinačno za geodetske, zemljane, betonske i armiranobetonske, zidarske, tesarske i izolaterske radove. Nakon opisivanja tehnologije izvođenja slijedi opisivanje sheme i table gradilišta. U tom poglavlju prilažem shemu gradilišta tvrtke Hidroing d.o.o. te vlastitu dopunu sheme tvrtke koju sam izradio u programu AutoCAD. Potom slijedi izrada analize cijena i dinamičkog plana izvođenja radova za sve radove gore navedene u tekstu. Naposljetku je dinamički plan izvođenja radova prikazan u obliku gantograma.With this final paper, I present the procedure for carrying out the construction works of dilatation B on the project of the Construction of the Regional Education and Rehabilitation Center in Čakovec. The beginning of the paper begins with an introduction to construction in order to better understand what construction is and what it consists of. After that, with the help of project-technical documentation, I am presenting a technical description in which I clearly describe the project task, i.e. the building itself, the building parcel, the location of construction, surface statements, methods of connection and the like. After working out the technical description, we will describe the construction and contents of the building. Then we move on to describing the technology of the construction works of the subject dilatation, specifically for geodetic, earth, concrete and reinforced concrete, masonry, carpentry and insulation works. After describing the performance technology comes the description of the construction site scheme and the construction site board. In that chapter, I accept the scheme of the construction site of the company Hidroing d.o.o. and my own supplement to the scheme of the company that I made in the AutoCAD program. This is followed by the creation of a price analysis and a dynamic work execution plan for all of the works mentioned above in the text. Finally, the dynamic work execution plan is presented in the form of a Gantt chart
Treatment and physiotherapy approach after Achilles tendon rupture
No full textAhilova tetiva je najjača i najduža tetiva u ljudskom tijelu, smještena na stražnjoj strani potkoljenice, gdje povezuje mišiće stražnje strane potkoljenice s petnom kosti. Njena glavna funkcija je prijenos sile mišića potkoljenice na stopalo, čime se omogućuje kretanje poput hodanja, trčanja i skakanja, kao i stabilizacija gležnja tijekom opterećenja. Unatoč iznimnoj čvrstoći i sposobnosti podnošenja velikih opterećenja, Ahilova tetiva je sklona ozljedama zbog relativno slabe vaskularizacije i anatomske građe, osobito kod fizički aktivnih osoba povećanjem životne dobi. Ruptura Ahilove tetive, bila parcijalna ili totalna, ozbiljna je ozljeda koja značajno narušava funkcionalnost donjeg ekstremiteta. Do rupture najčešće dolazi pri naglim i snažnim pokretima, poput skakanja ili iznenadne promjene smjera kretanja. Klinička slika uključuje bol, oticanje, smanjenu funkciju i nemogućnost stajanja na prste. Dijagnostika se temelji na specifičnim testovima, među kojima su najpouzdaniji Thompsonov test i Matlesov test, koji procjenjuju integritet tetive kroz promatranje plantarne fleksije stopala pri kompresiji potkoljenice. Liječenje rupture može biti operacijsko (otvorena, perkutana ili endoskopska metoda) ili konzervativno (imobilizacija i funkcionalna rehabilitacija), a izbor pristupa ovisi o dobi, aktivnosti i opsegu ozljede pacijenta. Operacijsko liječenje češće se primjenjuje kod mlađih i aktivnih osoba, dok se konzervativni pristup preferira kod starijih ili manje aktivnih pacijenata. Fizioterapijski proces započinje procjenom koja uključuje subjektivni i objektivni pregled, mjerenje opsega pokreta, mišićne snage i provođenje specifičnih testova. Rehabilitacija se individualno prilagođava i obuhvaća terapiju pokretom, elektrostimulaciju, terapijski ultrazvuk, laser, udarni val, manualne tehnike i vježbe za jačanje mišića. Dodatne metode, poput kinesio tapinga, IASTM, PNF tehnike i TECAR terapije, mogu doprinijeti oporavku. Cilj rehabilitacije je povratak funkcija, prevencija komplikacija i omogućavanje povratka pacijenta svakodnevnim i sportskim aktivnostima, uz naglašenu važnost timskog pristupa između pacijenta, fizioterapeuta i liječnika radi optimalnog ishoda liječenja.The Achilles tendon is the strongest and longest tendon in the human body, located at the back of the lower leg, where it connects the muscles of the calf to the heel bone. It' s primary function is to transmit the force generated by the calf muscles to the foot, enabling movements such as walking, running, and jumping, as well as stabilizing the ankle during weight-bearing activities. Despite it's exceptional strength and ability to withstand significant loads, the Achilles tendon is prone to injury due to its relatively poor vascularization and anatomical structure, particularly in physically active individuals and with increasing age. A rupture of the Achilles tendon, whether partial or complete, is a serious injury that significantly impairs the functionality of the lower limb. Ruptures most often occur during sudden and forceful movements, such as jumping or abrupt changes in direction. The clinical presentation includes pain, swelling, reduced function, and the inability to stand on the toes. Diagnosis is based on specific tests, with the most reliable being the Thompson test and the Matles test, which assess the integrity of the tendon by observing plantar flexion of the foot during compression of the calf. Treatment of a rupture can be surgical (open, percutaneous, or endoscopic methods) or conservative (immobilization and functional rehabilitation), with the choice of approach depending on the patient's age, level of activity, and extent of the injury. Surgical treatment is more commonly used in younger and more active individuals, while conservative management is preferred for older or less active patients. The physiotherapy process begins with an assessment that includes subjective and objective examination, measurement of the range of motion, muscle strength testing, and the use of specific diagnostic tests. Rehabilitation is individually tailored and includes movement therapy, electrical stimulation, therapeutic ultrasound, laser therapy, shockwave therapy, manual techniques, and strengthening exercises. Additional methods, such as kinesio taping, IASTM, PNF techniques, and Tecar therapy, can contribute to recovery. The goal of rehabilitation is to restore function, prevent complications, and enable the patient to return to daily and sport's activities, with an emphasis on a team approach between the patient, physiotherapist, and physician for an optimal treatment outcome