European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Role of Hormonal Therapy (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin – HCG) in the Management of Cryptorchidism
Full text linkBackground: Cryptorchidism is a congenital anomaly characterized by the failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum at birth, and manual repositioning is not feasible. Its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic, hormonal, and anatomical components. The condition is associated with an increased risk of infertility, testicular malignancy, torsion, and inguinal hernia (>90%), in addition to cosmetic concerns. Early and appropriate treatment is therefore crucial. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, benefits, and potential risks of hormonal therapy in the management of undescended testes. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Central Child Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from October 2012 to February 2015. A total of 100 patients with 122 undescended testes were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (control, 30 patients) underwent surgery without hormonal treatment; Group B (study, 70 patients) received HCG therapy prior to surgery. Group B included 86 undescended testes (32 bilateral, 54 unilateral; 38 impalpable, 48 palpable). HCG was administered intramuscularly at 500 IU twice weekly for ages 1–5, and 1000 IU for those older than 5, over five weeks. Results: The overall success rate of complete testicular descent was 38.3%, higher in bilateral cases (50%) and palpable testes (56.3%), with best outcomes in ages 4–6 and 7–9 years. Notably, 47.3% of impalpable testes became palpable. After 4 months, the success rate declined to 30.2% due to a 21% relapse. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was found between groups. Conclusion: HCG therapy is a valuable option for treating undescended testes, particularly in bilateral, prescrotal cases over age 4. It also facilitates surgical management as a neoadjuvant intervention
Comparison between IV Paracetamol and IV Morphine in Prevent Postoperative Pain during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Full text linkBackground; Postoperative pain management is a critical aspect of surgical care, particularly after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is one of the most common abdominal surgeries performed worldwide. Aims of the study; Compare the effectiveness of intravenous paracetamol and intravenous morphine in preventing postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Specifically, the study seeks to evaluate the level of pain relief provided by each drug, assess patient satisfaction, and identify any adverse effects associated with their use. Methodology; This study took place at Al Imam Ali Hospital in Baghdad from December 2018 to February 2020. It included 60 adult patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy while under general anaesthesia. Patients were split into two groups: Group A, with 30 patients, got 2 mg of intravenous morphine, while Group B, also with 30 patients, received 1 g of intravenous paracetamol. Before surgery, we checked medical history, did physical checks, and performed standard tests. Pain was measured postoperatively using a mixed pain scale for 30 minutes. Anaesthesia was started using propofol, ketamine, and muscle relaxants. Result; The study found significant differences in patient distribution by age groups and ASA classification, with 45% in ASA 1 and 55% in ASA 2. Older age groups, especially >39 years, had a higher representation in ASA 2. Gender did not significantly impact ASA classification. Pain scores in the morphine and paracetamol groups were similar at all time points, showing no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Both groups exhibited a gradual decrease in pain scores from 4.83 to 3.5 over 30 minutes. Conclusions; This study concludes that age group significantly influences ASA classification, with older age groups more likely to be in ASA 2. Gender did not affect ASA classification. Additionally, both intravenous morphine and paracetamol provided comparable pain relief, with no statistically significant differences in pain scores between the two groups
Bioinorganic Chemistry of Metalloproteins: Structure, Function, and Biomedical Implications
Full text linkMetalloproteins, a broad class of proteins containing metal ion cofactors, are essential to numerous biological processes. The field of bioinorganic chemistry investigates the roles these metal centers play in protein structure, function, and their broader biomedical implications. This study focuses on the structural diversity and functional versatility of metalloproteins, including heme proteins, iron-sulfur clusters, zinc finger proteins, and copper-containing enzymes. These metalloproteins are critical in oxygen transport, electron transfer, enzymatic catalysis, gene regulation, and cellular defense mechanisms. Recent advancements in spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational methods have enabled a deeper understanding of the metal-protein interface, revealing how coordination geometry and ligand environment affect reactivity and stability. For example, iron in hemoglobin facilitates oxygen binding and release, while zinc in metalloproteases is vital for catalytic activity. Copper and manganese-containing enzymes play key roles in redox reactions and antioxidant defense. From a biomedical perspective, abnormalities in metalloprotein structure or metal homeostasis are associated with several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Understanding the bioinorganic chemistry of metalloproteins aids in the development of metal-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Additionally, artificial metalloproteins and metal-containing drugs are being explored for targeted treatments and biosensing applications. In conclusion, the bioinorganic chemistry of metalloproteins provides fundamental insight into biological function and offers promising avenues for medical innovation. Continued research in this interdisciplinary field is crucial for advancing our knowledge of protein-metal interactions and translating it into clinical and technological breakthroughs
Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimicking a Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A Case Report Highlighting the Importance of Histopathological Confirmation
Full text linkPeritoneal carcinomatosis and peritoneal tuberculosis are two conditions who present clinical and radiological similarities. We report the case of a 69 old year female who was admitted for epigastric pain and vomiting, the EGD with biopsy retained the diagnostic of gastric adenocarcinoma, staging laparoscopy showed peritoneal nodules who were in relation with a peritoneal tuberculosis. In this case we want to emphasize the importance of the diagnostic of peritoneal nodules and the role of histopathological exam
Benefits of Palm Oil Consumption on Human Health: A Review
Full text linkThe global discourse on palm oil has long been polarized between environmental controversies and nutritional concerns. Amid these debates, a growing body of scientific literature has begun to emphasize the positive health implications of palm oil when consumed appropriately. This study aims to systematically evaluate recent scientific evidence (2020–2025) regarding the health benefits of palm oil consumption in humans, with particular focus on its bioactive constituents. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this qualitative research is structured using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol. Data collection involved comprehensive searches in the ScienceDirect database using Boolean operators and targeted keywords such as “palm oil consumption,” “human health,” “tocotrienol,” “carotenoids,” and “fatty acids.” From an initial 1,240 articles, screening and eligibility filtering based on open access, relevance, and publication period (2020–2025) yielded 22 peer-reviewed articles for final analysis. Thematic coding and qualitative content analysis were employed to identify patterns and extract findings. The results reveal that palm oil's tocotrienols, carotenoids, and balanced fatty acid profile contribute significantly to cardiovascular health, antioxidant defense, neuroprotection, and improved lipid profiles. These findings challenge prevailing negative perceptions and highlight the need for context-driven nutritional recommendations. In conclusion, the health benefits of palm oil are evident when consumed within dietary limits and derived from minimally processed sources. Future research should focus on long-term clinical trials and population-specific metabolic responses to strengthen existing evidence
Isolation of Clinical Microbes Isolated during Treatment with Orthodontic Appliances
No full textAfter one day of use, the microbial content of aligners will be determined. Many options for correcting bites are available in the dentistry market nowadays from orthodontists. The aligners are nearly undetectable because they are clear and translucent. Once thought to be reserved for braces, these are now worn daily to rectify the misaligned teeth. While researchers throughout the world have pondered the subject of aligners and the microbiota in the mouth on multiple occasions, recent discussions have focused more on antibiotic resistance and species composition. Furthermore, both these traits and the microbes themselves exhibit qualities that are context- and time-dependent. The issue of antibiotic resistance is relevant here. remains pertinent in the field of dentistry. Because relapses in caries and inflammatory disorders of the mouth can be caused by high contamination of orthodontic materials, it is necessary to evaluate it constantly. This is because local anti-inflammatory medication can be reduced. The virulence factors of microorganisms are provided by adhesive qualities, which are an important component of biofilm architecture. These properties are defined by an increase in optical density, which determines the duration and retrospectivity of diagnostic tests. The potential for antibiotic resistance among clinical microbiological isolates obtained after aligner therapy is the primary topic of this article. We hope to develop a safe and effective biofilm-destroying chemical using the microbes we collected in the future
Concomitant Tricuspid Valve Repair During Mitral Valve Surgery: Indication and Surgical Outcome
No full textBackground: Tricuspid valve repair has been recently advocated in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery who have mild to moderate secondary tricuspid regurgitation. The study aimed to find out how the concomitant performance of tricuspid valve repair (TVR) affects outcomes of patients undergoing mitral valve surgery (MVS). Methodology: Retrospective cross sectional analytical study that was carried out from 15 June to 31 December 2020 in Ibn Al-Bitar hospital for cardiac surgery and Iraqi heart center of 24 patients that were referred for MVR. and TV. repair from 6 up to 3 years were they assessed preoperatively, intraoperative and postoperative. Data collected from patient's files in data were retrieved from the hospital data collecting .The follow up after phoning patient and contact with them by what's up application for sending their data and echocardiogram reports. Results: The total sample was 24 patients. The mean age was 59.7+/- 6.4 year ,Female forming 58.3% and male was 43.7%.The new York Heart Association (NYHA) on collected patients showed class ΙΙΙ in 75% patients and class Ιν in 25% in preoperative period improved reversely to became 75% in class Ι and 25% in class ΙΙ after 6 months while after 1 year the patients reclassified to [25%, 20.8%,4/1% and 50% with class Ι,ΙΙ,ΙΙΙ, and asymptomatic respectively ] and in to [45.8%, 16.6%, and 37.5% with class Ι,ΙΙ and asymptomatic respectively after 3 years]. Preoperative echocardiographic assessment showed that the mean of annular size was 31.5+/-2.9 mm.( ranging 27mm-38mm).The average length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) 2.7+/- 2.1 days, 2(8.3%) patient need for pacemaker, acute renal failure developed in 1 patient and there were no bleeding, madiastinitis, wound infection, thromboembolisation, endocarditis and death. The study showed the postoperative progression of the TR. was 8(33.3%) with moderate TR. and 16(66.7%) with sever TR. improved in 6 months in to [6(25%), 12(50%),and 6(25%) with no TR. ,mild TR. and moderate TR. respectively ] and in to [14(58.3%),8(33.3%),2(8.3%) with no TR, mild and moderate TR. respectively] after 1 year and [4(16.6%),16(66.7%) with no TR. and mild TR. and 2 (8.3%) with moderate and sever TR.]after 3 years. Conclusion: All patients with moderate – sever tricuspid are candidate for repair. The short term outcome show improvement in functional state and in valve regurge but in mid – long term outcome there is gradual decrease in it
Environmental Carcinogenesis: Nitric Oxide Release after Photodecomposition of Nitrosocontaminants in Drugs (Under UV Exposure) as Substantial Factor for Skin Carcinogenicity. Sertraline Induced Cutaneous Melanoma - Third Reported Case in Scientific Liter
No full textThe modern understanding of carcinogenicity has increasingly shifted towards the recognition of the importance of some new triggering factors or factors with exogenous nature. The early and adequate recognition of the environmental carcinogenic acting agents seems to be from paramount importance for their subsequent fast elimination. The regular, permanent intake of nitrosamines in drugs seems to be one of the most serious problems worldwide concerning the problem with the environmental mediated carcinogenicity. The reason for that is that the so called Nitroso compounds seems to be 1) genome modifiers and 2) photocarcinogens. Recent molecular insights suggest that certain nitroso compounds present in widely used medications worldwide may play a more significant role in carcinogenesis than genetic predisposition or other triggering factors alone. There are two main mechanisms that may explain the potential link or axis between the onset of depression and the development and progression of cutaneous melanoma: 1) current concepts of depression pathogenesis define it as an additionally inflammatory disorder characterized by the dysregulation of cellular immunity (immunity, responsible also for protection from cutaneous melanoma) , and 2) the environmental exposure to human photocarcinogens, the so-called nitrosamines, through medications that undergo photodecomposition under ultraviolet light, acting as nitric oxide donors. In this context, we aim to emphasize the potential carcinogenic impact of even a monomedication while integrating the latest emerging evidence. We report the third case report of sertraline-induced cutaneous melanoma in a patient with a diffuse metastatic spread. The concepts of Nitroso-Photocarcinogenesis/ Photo-Nitrosocarcinogenesis - also referred as drug-mediated Nitrosogenesis or Oncopharmacogenesis / Pharmaco- oncogenesis - represent one of the most compelling emerging paradigms in modern medicine, particularly with regard to skin cancer and melanoma pathogenesis
Vitamin D Status in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Case-Control Study
No full textBackground: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJDs) are multifactorial conditions involving joint, muscular, and psychological components. Vitamin D has been proposed as a biological contributor to musculoskeletal pain, yet evidence regarding its role in TMJD remains inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and TMJD and to identify other clinical, metabolic, and behavioral factors linked to the disorder. Methods: A case–control study was conducted from March to October 2025 including 100 adults: 50 clinically confirmed TMJD patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Diagnosis followed the DC/TMD Axis I protocol. Data collection included sociodemographic variables, BMI, clinical TMJD features, lifestyle behaviors, dietary patterns, sun exposure, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels measured via chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: Serum vitamin D concentrations did not significantly differ between TMJD patients and controls (18.00 ± 10.88 vs. 21.36 ± 10.55 ng/mL, p = 0.120). Conversely, TMJD was strongly associated with key clinical symptoms including jaw pain (92%), headaches (88%), joint noises (76%), and functional limitation. TMJD patients demonstrated significantly higher BMI (p < 0.05), greater psychological stress/anxiety (78%), lower physical activity (p < 0.001), and distinct dietary habits characterized by higher daily consumption of dairy and eggs. Sun exposure was paradoxically higher among cases despite lower vitamin D levels. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were not associated with TMJD, whereas metabolic, psychological, and behavioral factors—including BMI, stress, physical inactivity, and diet— showed strong relationships with the disorder. These findings support a multifactorial etiology where vitamin D plays a limited role. Future longitudinal and genetic studies are required to clarify causality
Malrotation in Children: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management – A Single-Center Experience from Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, Wasit, Iraq
No full textIntestinal malrotation is a developmental defect that is caused by the improper rotation and fixation of the midgut during embryonic development, which poses a high risk of life-threatening midgut volvulus when unidentified. Delays in recognition add to morbidity and mortality which are avoidable in low resource environments like Iraq. This was a mixed retrospective prospective observational study, which took place at Al- Karama teaching hospital, Wasit Governorate, the period between January 2020 and December 2024, to establish the occurrence of malrotation in the area, risk factors of adverse outcomes, and management of children under 14 years. There were 27 cases found with an estimated incidence of 1.8 per 10,000 live births. The mean age of presentation was 11 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 542), and 63 percent (n = 17) was during the neonatal period. The most frequent was bilious vomiting (89% n = 24). Forty-four percent (n = 12) of the patients had associated congenital defects (n = 5 cardiac defects and n = 3 heterotaxy syndromes). Ladd carried out his procedure on all surgically treated patients (n = 25): two patients needed bowel resection because of ischemia. The 30-day mortality rate stood at 7.4% (n = 2), in both cases of delayed diagnosis (>48 hours of the development of the symptoms). There were three key indicators of poor outcomes identified by multivariate analysis: delayed presentation and heterotaxy (p < .05). These results highlight the importance of a high level of clinical suspicion, early imaging, and the use of standard referral pathways in the low resource conditions. Early intervention has been the keystone in decreasing mortality as far as pediatric malrotation is concerned