European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Incidence of Slipped Stone During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Multiple Gallstones: Diagnosis and Treatment
No full textA prospective study on 960 cases did for them laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic multiple gallstones through the period of September 2021 to September 2023. 77% were females and 23% were males. Among the complications that the operation had brought about was the leaking out of bile of which 92 out of 141 (65.2 and 43.9) was between 6 to 24 hours and 24 to 48 hours. Numerous causes of this leak, 71 case (50.3) slipped of clipping, 32 cases (22.7) slipped stone or stones, 21 cases (14.9) accessory duct of Luschka and injury to major biliary duct injury 17 cases (12%). Diagnostic ultrasonic results identifying the cause show 102 cases (72.3) and 39 cases (27.7) undiagnosed. MRCP would detect the problem 100%. 98patients (69.5%) the problem would be solved with cautious mobilizations during the gall bladder removals and thus the minimum time of reunions would be taken advantage of; 23cases (16.3%) the problem would be transformed to open techniques
Urinary Schistosomiasis in a Rural Nigerian Community: Prevalence Study from Bango Village, Kaduna State
Full text linkUrinary Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma haematobium, is a significant public health concern in many rural and peri-urban communities in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasis among residents of Bango Village, Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 300 participants, selected through stratified random sampling, to determine the infection rate and assess associated risk factors. Urine samples were collected and examined microscopically for the presence of S. haematobium eggs using the sedimentation technique.The results revealed a prevalence rate of 30.5%, with the highest infection rates observed among children aged 5–14 years. Male participants were more affected (19.8%) than females (17.7%), possibly due to increased water contact activities. Risk factors such as poor access to potable water, frequent contact with contaminated water sources, and inadequate health education were strongly correlated with the infection. Statistical analysis (p < 0.05) confirmed a significant association between these factors and Schistosomiasis prevalence.This study underscores the urgent need for integrated control measures, including public health education, improved water supply, and mass drug administration, to reduce the burden of urinary Schistosomiasis in the community. The findings provide critical baseline data for policymakers and health authorities to design targeted interventions in Bango Village and similar settings
Assessment of Indigenously Developed 99mTc-DTPA Bis-Methionine (99mTc-MDM) Qualitatively and Quantitatively During Initial Clinical Assessment in Breast Cancer Patients
Full text linkIntroduction: Radionuclide-based tracers for SPECT and PET imaging have proven useful in the early detection of breast cancer. While C-11 methionine is an established PET tracer, its high cost and limited availability restrict its widespread clinical use. In contrast, 99mTc-MDM demonstrates promise as an alternative, with uptake facilitated by the overexpression of amino acid transporters, particularly via the LAT1 transporter in tumour cells. It is cost-effective and readily available, making it a potential candidate for identifying malignant breast lesions. Prior to administration, ensuring radiopharmaceutical quality through rigorous quality control is essential to uphold imaging standards in nuclear medicine. Aim: To evaluate both qualitatively and quantitatively the indigenously developed 99mTc-MDM (DTPA-bis-methionine) during its early clinical application in patients presenting with breast lesions. Objectives: To assess the physiological uptake pattern of 99mTc-MDM in patients with breast cancer; To determine the radiolabelling efficiency of the indigenously formulated 99mTc-MDM kits. Results: Physiological uptake of 99mTc-MDM was observed in the kidneys (51/51 patients), liver (50/51), gallbladder (12/51), and bowel (21/51). Quantitative analysis indicated a radiochemical purity of approximately 95%. Conclusion: The indigenously produced 99mTc-MDM kits demonstrated high labelling efficiency (>95%) and consistent physiological biodistribution, primarily involving the kidneys, liver, gallbladder, and bowel. Normal breast tissue in pre-menopausal women exhibited moderate and homogenous tracer uptake, whereas post-menopausal women showed mild and homogenous uptake. These findings suggest that 99mTc-MDM may serve as a viable, cost-effective imaging agent for the evaluation of breast lesions
Leptin Levels in Women with Uterine Leiomyomas
Full text linkBackground: Uterine leiomyomas are common and clinically significant, burdening healthcare systems. Leptin, a hormone produced by the obese (Ob) gene, is mostly synthesised in adipose tissue and expressed in several organs, including myomas and the myometrium. The primary goal of this study was to examine blood leptin levels in women with and without uterine leiomyomas. Method: This prospective case-control research included 50 reproductive-age women. The research group had 25 women with uterine leiomyomas, while the control group had 25 healthy women without, as determined by ultrasonography. BMI was calculated for all subjects. Haemoglobin, BUN, serum creatinine, fasting blood sugar, and serum leptin were tested. Women with and without myomas were compared for serum leptin levels using radioimmunoassay. Results: The average blood leptin levels in women with uterine myomas (7.57± 2.88 ng/mL) were significantly lower (p=0.0001) than in normal women (9.56± 1.77 ng/mL). Furthermore, women with myomas had substantially lower blood leptin levels to body mass index (0.267±0.09) (p=0.0001) compared to normal women (0.34±0.05). In both groups, blood leptin levels were positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.587, p=0.0001) in women with myomas and those without (r=0.608, p=0.0001). Conclusion: the diminished serum leptin levels observed in women with uterine myomas, regardless of their body mass index, suggest a lack of significant up-regulation of leptin production in response to increased adiposity
Tumor Recurrence at the Colostomy Site: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Full text linkRecurrence at the site of a colostomy is a rare event, though it has been documented in the literature. The time to development of carcinoma at a colostomy site after the initial diagnosis varies, ranging from 5 months to 35 years post-surgery, with a median of 22 years. This condition is generally associated with a poor prognosis.We report the case of a patient who initially underwent colostomy for an obstructive left-sided colon adenocarcinoma. This was followed by radical surgery with clear resection margins. Despite this, the patient later developed a recurrence at the site of the former colostomy.The recurrent mass was surgically removed, including excision of the lesion and re-excision of the surgical margins. In this case, the most plausible explanation for the recurrence is direct invasion of the abdominal wall by tumor cells.This case highlights the importance of regular follow-up and thorough examination of stoma sites, as there remains a rare but significant risk of tumor recurrence in these areas
Fetal Precision Medicine: Ai-Driven Approaches for Early Detection of Congenital Anomalies
Full text linkPrenatal healthcare is being revolutionised by machine learning (ML), which makes it possible to anticipate and treat maternal and foetal issues early on. With an emphasis on their applications in identifying foetal abnormalities, evaluating congenital heart problems, and assessing neurodevelopmental indicators, this paper summarises recent advancements in AI-enhanced 4D US. Prenatal care and diagnostics might undergo a transformation thanks to the substantial progress made in the area of foetal medicine with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). Examining recent developments in the potential use of AI in foetal medicine, this scoping review seeks to assess the technology's present applications, possible advantages, and drawbacks. The many hazards associated with cardiovascular illnesses and the urgent need for accurate, dependable, and effective early detection techniques are related. Significant progress has been made in the area of foetal medicine with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), which has the potential to revolutionise prenatal care and diagnostics. By assessing its existing applications, possible advantages, and drawbacks, this scoping review seeks to investigate the most recent developments in the prospective use of AI in foetal medicine. There is a connection between the high risk of cardiovascular illnesses and the urgent need for accurate, dependable, and effective early detection techniques
Profile of Paediatric Morbidity in Hospitals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2019 to 2021
Full text linkKnowledge of morbidity is essential for planning and evaluating health services and assessing a country's level of social and economic development. At a global level, morbidity is constantly evolving in line with the epidemiological transition. This study aims to describe the profile of paediatric hospital morbidity in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).It is a retrospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study conducted between 2019 and 2021 in five referral health facilities in four cities of the country.Of the 2,170 cases analysed, 70% of admissions involved children under 5 years of age, with an average age of 4.43 years. Males accounted for 53.5% of admissions. The highest admission rates were recorded in May and December. Chronic pathologies accounted for 6.5% of cases, 50% of which were related to sickle-cell anaemia. The average consultation time was 4 days, with 63.4% of patients consulting within the first 3 days of their illness. The main reasons for consultation were fever (62.4%), physical asthenia (25.1%), vomiting (23.3%), cough (14.7%) and diarrhoea (12.1%). The most common diagnoses were malaria (61.1%), anaemia (28%), gastroenteritis (12.7%), septicaemia (11.4%) and urinary tract infections (10.3%). The treatments prescribed mainly included antibiotic therapy (64.4%), antimalarials (57.7%), antipyretics (52.5%), infusions (43.9%) and blood transfusions (34.2%). The average length of hospital stay was 5 ± 4 days, with 42.3% of patients staying less than 4 days. The mortality rate was 8.1%, and 9.3% of patients were discharged against medical advice.In conclusion, paediatric morbidity in the DRC remains dominated by communicable diseases such as malaria and gastroenteritis despite the global epidemiological transition. Developing a national epidemiological bulletin and training focused on the common pathologies identified could change the profile of paediatric morbidity and improve the quality of paediatric care in the country
Pneumatosis Intestinal Cystic: A Case Report
Full text linkIntestinal cystic pneumatosis is a rare condition characterised by the presence of gaseous cysts in the intestinal wall that can affect the entire digestive tract, with a predilection for the small intestine and colon. It is diagnosed by CT scan and surgery can be avoided if there are no complications. The authors report a rare case of cystic pneumatosis of the colon leading to abdominal pain requiring surgery
3D Morphological and Volumetric Assessment of the Sella Turcica on CT Scans: A Comparative Study of Males and Females in Jos, North Central Nigeria
Full text linkIntroduction: Sella turcica (ST) is a saddle-shaped middle cranial fossa structure that constitutes a significant landmark when imaging the brain and the base of the skull.Objective: This study aimed to analyze and compare the morphological and volumetric characteristics of sella turcica on three-dimensional (3D) Computed Tomography (CT) Scan in males and female.Methodology: This is a retrospective comparative study of 200 brain scans done at a private medical diagnostics center in Jos, North Central Nigeria.3D CT Images of the sella turcica on bone window were obtained from adult patients without discrimination of gender from the database of the diagnostic center. Patients with history of cranial trauma, surgery or pathological conditions affecting the sella turcica are excluded. Measurements of the sella turcica’s dimensions (length, width and depth) using digital calipers were obtained. The sella turcica’s volume is calculated using Di Chiro-Nelson method [0.5 × (length × width × depth)]Results: The majority of the participants were males 118 (59%)} with a mean age of 48.3 ±18.1 years while the female patients were 82(41%) with a mean age of 47.4 ±17.6 years. The overall mean length, width, depth and volume of the sella turcica were 12.46 mm, 13.24 mm,8.39mm and 702.03 mm3 for males and 11.90 mm, 13.31 mm,8.77mm and 703.71 mm3 for females respectively. A greater number of the participants have normal variant sella turcica 89(44.5%), followed distantly by the oblique anterior wall 40(20%) while the list seen is the irregularity of posterior wall which accounts for 6(3.0%).Conclusion: The study revealed a slight variation in the mean length, depth, width and volume of ST in males and females in our environment. The dominant ST type was the normal variant which is consistent with most of the studies reviewed
A Retrospective Study to Assess the Impact and Importance of Pursuing a Second Opinion Surgical Pathology on Continuum of Treatment
No full textObjective: The aim of this study is to identify the rate of major and minor disagreements with diagnoses from external institutions for patients with head and neck lesions or clinical contexts Design: Considering the high significance of referral in pathology, it seems that no planned retrospective or prospective study has been conducted in Saudi Arabia. Subjects/Patients: We decided to review the diagnoses of patients that were referred to our hospital over 24 months from 2015 to 2016.Methods: Both paper and electronic health records were used for data collection at King Fahad Medical City. A retrospective review of all consecutive referral cases starting from January 1, 2015, to September 30, 2016, was performed for diagnostic errors, adverse events and near misses’ diagnosis. Results: The major diagnostic discrepancy, defined as diagnostic or staging differences resulting in major alterations in treatment, were seen in 26 (10.6%) of the cases. The observed discrepancy rate of 10.6%.Conclusion: Our mandatory second review policy in pathology referral cases leads to 10.57% major diagnostic changes across all sites of head and neck. In conclusion, the second opinion in pathology should be obtained before any major therapeutic endeavour as it reveals diagnoses discrepancy, particularly in challenging sites and cases