European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Neonates with Intestinal Obstruction: A Retrospective Study from Karami hospital
No full textBackground: Neonatal intestinal obstruction (NIO) is a major percentage of the surgical emergencies that are experienced during the neonatal days. It is a broad range of both inherited and acquired defects of the gastrointestinal tract. The timely surgical intervention and prompt diagnosis is essential to avoid bowel ischemia, perforation, sepsis and short bowel syndrome. Even with the development of neonatal treatment and surgical methods, NIO still remains a challenge to diagnosis and treatment, especially in resource- restricted cases. Methods: The proposed study is a retrospective observational study that will be performed at the Karami hospital where the medical records of all neonates diagnosed with intestinal obstruction between January 2019 and December 2023 will be reviewed. The information gathered was on demographic data, antecedent history, clinical picture, radiological results, operative data, histopathological diagnoses, postoperative results, and mortality. The statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS 26 version and the variables were categorical (demonstrated by frequencies and percentages), and continuous (mean and standard deviation). Resuls: The study involved 87 neonates; a majority of them were male (59.8). Etiological causes Jejunoileal atresia (34.5%), malrotation with volvulus (21.8%), and Hirschsprungs disease (16.1), were the most common etiological causes. Abnormalities that were identified by the use of antenatal ultrasounds were indicative of an intestinal obstruction in 32 percent of the cases. Main clinical manifestations consisted of bilious vomiting (87.4%), abdominal distension (70.1%), and inability to pass meconium (56.3). Initial evaluation was made universal with plain abdominal radiography with contrast enema and upper gastrointestinal series playing a crucial role in establishing the degree and cause of obstruction. Every patient was subjected to definitive surgical management, such as resection and anastomosis, Ladd procedure, duodeno- duodenostomy, or pull-through surgeries. One quarter of the patients experienced postoperative complications (25.3) with wound infection (9.2), anastomotic leak (5.7), and sepsis (6.9). The total mortality rate stood at 6.9, and it mainly was related to late presentation and septic problems. The average stay was 12.4 days in months. Conclusion: Neonatal intestinal obstruction is a severe condition with a high index of suspicion and multidisciplinary approach that is necessary. Diagnostic intervention, resuscitation and surgery can and should be performed timely. Our statistics show acceptable morbidity and mortality rates relative to the published international standards. The further progress in the areas of enhancing prenatal diagnosis, the optimal perioperative treatment, and the prolongation of the follow-up work are necessary to increase survival rates and the quality of life of the affected infants. 
Regional Neck Metastatic Lymph Node in Relation to The Primary Head and Neck Carcinoma
No full textBackground: The management of head and neck carcinomas is strongly influenced by the presence and distribution of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy. The lymphatic drainage pathways of the upper aero digestive tract form the basis of current nodal classification systems and help predict metastatic spread patterns. Objective: To evaluate the topographic distribution of cervical lymph node metastasis in relation to various primary head and neck carcinomas. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the ENT Department of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital from March 2013 to March 2014 and included 48 patients presenting with metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation, including detailed history, physical examination, and endoscopic assessment. Radiological investigations—ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—were performed to characterize nodal involvement. Surgical procedures under local or general anesthesia included fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), panendoscopy with directed or blind biopsies, and excisional biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Results: Lymphatic spread followed predictable anatomical drainage patterns. Levels II, III, and IV were the most frequently involved nodal groups, particularly in pharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas. Levels I and VI were the least commonly affected across head and neck malignancies. Papillary thyroid carcinoma demonstrated a characteristic pattern of metastasis to the central compartment (level VI) in addition to jugulodigastric nodes. Conclusion: Understanding the lymphatic anatomy of the upper aerodigestive tract is essential for predicting metastatic pathways in head and neck cancer. The predictable patterns of nodal spread aid in planning surgical management, tailoring therapeutic strategies, and anticipating prognosis
Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a rapidly escalating public health challenge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), where it is the second most common cancer overall and the leading cancer among men.(1,2) Methods: A Systematic review of current evidence for colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia, its financial impact, and the human resources required to support care of such burden. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as well as gray literature sources, including Saudi National Cancer Registry reports and documents from the Saudi Ministry of Health. The search identified 27 records from database searching and 21 records from the registry and other sources. After the removal of 8 duplicates, 40 records were screened at the title and abstract level. Full texts of CRC articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 10 were excluded (non-Saudi populations, insufficient CRC-specific data, or non-original research), leaving 30 studies included in the final qualitative synthesis. A PRISMA-style flow was used to summarize the study selection process. Results: In 2020, the incidence and mortality rate of CRC in Saudi Arabia were 14.6% and 1.48% among all cancers, respectively [1]. National guidelines in Saudi Arabia recommend CRC screening for all individuals above 45 years using colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or fecal occult blood test. The incidence of cancer increased (1990-2016) approximately 10-fold for colon Cancer [2], A dangerous combination of genetic vulnerability and modern lifestyle pressures fuels this epidemic. Approximately 11.6% of young Saudi CRC patients have confirmed Lynch Syndrome(3). And 83% of all Saudi CRC patients carry the GSTM1 null genotype, this genetic trait leaves them highly sensitive to environmental carcinogens [4]. These genetic risks collide with modifiable factors, including sedentary habits and poor knowledge of high-fiber diets [5,2,4], leading to metabolic weaknesses like widespread Vitamin D deficiency [6]. The high overall one-, three-, and five-year survival rates were 83, 65, and 52.0% [7]. is fundamentally driven by failures in early detection. Screening rates are extremely low [8,9] primarily because physicians fail to recommend testing [8,10] and the public wrongly believes screening is unnecessary unless they feel sick [9,10,11]. Conclusion: To control Colorectal cancer demands immediate risk-stratification, genetic testing for all early-onset cases, and aggressive, physician-led efforts to increase public engagement with non-invasive screening options. The increasing incidence of CRC in Saudi Arabia, along with rising treatment costs, underscores the necessity for early detection
and efficient healthcare resource allocation. Managing the projected increase in CRC cases over the next five years requires a strategic assessment of workforce needs, including ensuring sufficient numbers of oncologists, nurses, and allied health professionals, alongside effective training and recruitment strategies.
 
Evaluation the Effectiveness of Acupressure in Reducing Pain among Caesarean Mothers
No full textIntroduction: Pain is the most common symptom of Caesarean mothers and it is a subjective feeling that can be expressed by most of the mothers. There are many pharmacological and non pharmacological measures are adopted to treat the pain but the data from various studies revealed that there were no complete relief from the pain. Acupressure is a form of massage in which specific points are used to get relief from pain. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of acupressure on reduction of pain among caesarean mothers in selected maternity hospitals, Bengaluru. Methodology: True experimental approach is adopted for this study to test the relationship between acupressure in reducing pain among caesarean mothers. By Random sampling technique, 60 samples by using numerical pain intensity scale. Level of pain was compared among experimental and control groups. Chi-square test and‘t’ test were used for analyzing data. Result: The level of pain among experimental group prior to the intervention was marked to worst pain 10 (33.33%) and 20(66.6%) of the samples were having severe pain. However, after conducting post test the number of samples got reduced to 11 (36.66%) severe pain and 19 (63.33%) moderate pain. While, in control group prior to the intervention worst pain was 7 (23.33%) and 23 (76.66%) severe pain. However after conducting post –test worst pain reduced to severe pain 24 (80%) and moderate pain was 6 (20%). Conclusion: The overall findings of the study clearly showed that the acupressure was effective in reducing the level of pain among caesarean mothers
Assess the Effectiveness of Cervical Vaccine on Reducing Cervical Cancer among Adolescence Girls at Smt.Nagarathnamma College of Nursing Bengaluru
No full textThe study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on the knowledge and awareness of cervical vaccination among 2nd-year BSc Nursing students at Smt. Nagarathnamma College of Nursing, Bangalore. Cervical cancer, primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, remains a significant public health concern, and vaccination is a key preventive measure. A pre-experimental, one-group pre-test and post-test design was adopted with a sample of 60 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire before and after administering the teaching program. Results showed a significant improvement in the students’ knowledge and awareness about cervical vaccination post-intervention, highlighting the effectiveness of the structured teaching program. The study underscores the importance of educational interventions in enhancing awareness and promoting preventive health practices among future healthcare professionals
Impact of a Structured Teaching Program on Primary School Teachers' Knowledge of Early ADHD Symptoms. A Descriptive Study from Greater Noida, India
No full textBackground: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition with a long history of being known to affect a child's functioning. Individuals with ADHD exhibit persistent patterns of inattentiveness, excessive activity, or impulsiveness. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a Structured Teaching Program on Primary School Teachers' Knowledge of Early ADHD Symptoms. Methodology: A pre-test/post-test design assessed the ADHD knowledge of 60 teachers before and after an intervention, using a 40-item questionnaire. Results: Following the structured teaching program, most primary school teachers demonstrated a moderate level of ADHD knowledge, with a statistically significant increase in scores noted between the pre-test and post-test (P<0.05). Conclusion: Primary school teachers in Noida have a moderate grasp of ADHD's features and treatment. Continuous professional development, including a structured teaching program on ADHD, is recommended to improve their knowledge
The Impact of Self-Esteem and Psychological Empowerment on Nursing Students: A Descriptive- Correlationl Study from Tripura, India
No full textBackground: Developing attributes like self-esteem, psychological empowerment, and assertiveness is critical for nurses to make sound decisions and serve as effective patient advocates. Aim: The study aimed to determine the impact and correlation between self-esteem and psychological empowerment among nursing students. Methodology: In this study, 300 undergraduate nursing students were recruited, ensuring representation across all academic years through stratified random sampling. The data was collected using two standardized and validated instruments: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Spreitzer's Psychological Empowerment Scale. Results: The study revealed a significant correlation between self-esteem and psychological empowerment (p < 0.05). This is notable given that 60% of the students reported low self-esteem and their average psychological empowerment was also low (M = 1.46, SD = 0.67). Conclusion: Considering the low self-esteem and psychological empowerment scores observed, nurse educators should prioritize the implementation of strategies designed to develop these essential qualities during training
Effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Among Nursing Officers in Selected Hospitals of Udaipur
No full textBackground of the study: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, and effective rehabilitation is crucial to improving the quality of life of survivors. Nursing professionals play a vital role in post-stroke rehabilitation; however, gaps in knowledge and practice often hinder effective care. Objective of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Programme (STP) on enhancing knowledge and practice regarding post-stroke rehabilitation among nursing officers in selected hospitals of Udaipur. Methodology: Quantitative Research Approach and A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group pre-test–post-test research design was used with 300 nursing officers, equally divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and an observational checklist, followed by the intervention delivered through lectures, demonstrations, and discussions. Result: Results revealed significant improvement in the experimental group’s knowledge (mean 11.40 to 21.93, p < 0.001) and practice (15.1 to 25.2, p < 0.001), with a positive correlation between the knowledge & Practice. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of structured educational programs in bridging professional competency gaps and strengthening post-stroke care outcomes
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and Selected Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer Patients Attending Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa Bayelsa State
Full text linkBreast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally particularly in resource-limited like Nigeria, due to late presentation and few diagnostic services. This study determined the association between the rs5030625 single nucleotide polymorphism in the CDH1 gene and HER2/Neu expression among breast cancer patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A total number of 236 Archived Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) breast tissue samples were retrospectively analyzed from 2012 to 2020. Histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, and molecular studies, including direct sequencing, were conducted to analyze tumor markers and genetic alterations. The results demonstrated that 47% of the breast lesions were malignant. The most common malignancy detected was invasive ductal carcinoma, (IDC).0 The expression of E-Cadherin and HER2/Neu was shown in 94.6% and 49.5% of cases respectively. Accordingly, the genotypic analysis demonstrated that GG was the most prevalent genotype, with 84%, followed by GA with 12%, and AA with 4%. Rs5030625 SNP was associated with E-Cadherin and HER 2/Neu expressions that may implicate involvement in tumor progression and prognosis. The study findings also highlight that genetic and molecular profiling remains one of the major drivers for improving understanding of the biology of breast cancer and, hence, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, especially in resource-poor settings
The Gut-Wrenching Truth: Pathophysiology and Clinical Features of Intestinal Hyperpermeability Syndrome
Full text linkThe microbes associated with the gut are called the gut microbiota. There are about 1000 species of bacteria weighing up to 1-2 kg in the human gut. Microbial diversity increases with age until it is stable. Humans have evolved to live with them and have learned to play their role in the body. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota causes various ailments, disorders and diseases in humans. And all of this is due to the increased intestinal permeability caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis. The present review discusses some pathophysiological and clinical symptoms of leaky gut syndrome, a highly controversial but logical and relevant topic of medical microbiology and gastroenterology in humans