European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Preventive Effect of Pretreatment with Intravenous Metoclopramide on Incidence of Post Laparoscopic Surgery Nausea and Vomiting
Get PDFIntroduction: Common complications following anesthesia include Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), which leads to patient dissatisfaction and discomfort. The incidence of PONV after inhalational general anesthesia is up to 30% [1]. When anesthetics are used with no prophylaxis, and in certain high-risk patients, the incidence of PONV can reach up to 70% [2]. Furthermore, laparoscopic surgeries are associated with an even higher incidence of PONV (40%-75%) [3]. This makes PONV one of the most prevalent post-operational complaints [4].Methods: This case control study includes 79 patients with high PONV risk scores scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia in Duhok hospitals. 40 patients received 8 mg (2ml) metoclopramide intravenously as pretreatment, while 39 patients received normal saline (2ml) as the control group. After 48 hours, we called patients and asked them about the incidence and severity of PONV.Result: statically insignificant differences in the incidence of PONV between both groups (p-value 0.91). The incidence of PONV in this study was (27.8%) which correlates with the PONV risk score mean (2.48) and was statistically significant with a p-value of less than 0.01 and a 95% confidence score (2.13, 18.32).Conclusion: PONV risk score is effective in the prediction of the incidence of PONV, and Metoclopramide is ineffective as a single drug in the prevention of PONV in high-risk patients
Study of the Effectiveness of Extracts of Black Pepper Fruits (Piper nigrum) on the Growth of Fungi Isolated from Some Food Products
Get PDFThe research was carried out to estimate the biological effectiveness of water and alcoholic extracts from black pepper fruits on the growth of some fungi isolated from food products (rice seeds, nuts, noodles, and spaghetti). Various fungi linked with these products were isolated, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium spp, Alternaria spp, Curvularia spp, Rhizoctonia spp, and Drechslera spp. The results displayed that the type of extract meaningfully affected the levels of fungal contamination. The alcoholic extract was more effective in reducing contamination rates with a rate of 27.2%, while the rates were 38.75% and 34.0% for the cold and hot water extracts, respectively. The concentration of the extract also played a crucial role in reducing contamination rates, with a 70% concentration being the most effective, resulting in a contamination rate of 5%, while a 50% concentration was the second most effective with a contamination rate of 12.6%. The contamination rate increased to 90% in control group. Furthermore, the outcomes showed that sensitivity of the fungi varied according to the type of extract, with the alcoholic extract being more efficient in diminishing fungal contamination contrasted to water extracts (cold and hot). Among the Aspergillus niger was the most affected, with contamination rates of (25, 31.25, 22.5) % for the cold water, hot water, and alcoholic extracts respectively
Current Strategies and Future Directions in Multiple Myeloma: Disease Overview and Pathophysiology, Conventional Treatments and Emerging Therapies, Challenges and Innovations in Management
Get PDFThe review examines multiple myeloma, including pathophysiology, conventional treatments, current management strategies, treatment challenges, and emerging therapies. The disease, originating from malignant plasma cells, leads to bone marrow infiltration and osteolytic lesions. Common manifestations include anemia, bone pain, renal dysfunction, and hypercalcemia. Pathophysiological aspects involve disrupted signaling pathways and conflicts between myeloma cells and the bone marrow environment. Conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy with melphalan and cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone), and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), have improved patient outcomes but come with significant side effects, including myelosuppression and infection risks. Recent advances in management involve targeted therapies like proteasome inhibitors (e.g., bortezomib) and immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., lenalidomide), as well as monoclonal antibodies (e.g., daratumumab) and innovative immunotherapies, including CAR T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies. Precision medicine enhances treatment by customizing therapies based on individual genetic and molecular profiles. Despite these advancements, challenges such as drug resistance, relapse, and refractory disease persist. Resistance mechanisms, including the upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and mutations affecting drug metabolism, hinder effective treatment. Managing relapsed or refractory cases frequently requires reassessing treatment strategies and exploring novel therapies. Current treatments' adverse effects, both hematological and non-hematological, impact patient quality of life, necessitating strategies, such as supportive care, dose adjustments, and proactive patient education
Prevalence of Hypertension among Asymptomatic Patients During Screening in the Primary Health Care Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is a significant public health problem globally, its prevalence and incidence are commonly seen in the Mideast countries, particularly in Saudi Arabia. It is a chronic disease that can harm many systems with its prevalence varying across different populations. The asymptomatic pattern of hypertension makes it a challenging disease. Screening for hypertension in asymptomatic individuals is crucial for early detection and management to prevent complications. Aim: we aim in our study to clarify prevalence of hypertension between asymptomatic patients during screening at primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia.Methods: In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Prince Sultan Medical City, observational research was carried out. Participants in the study were asymptomatic people getting regular checkups at primary health care centers. Blood pressure (BP) was taken using standardized protocols, with hypertension being defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) reading of at least 140 millimeters of mercury and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measurement of no fewer than 90 millimeters of mercury. Data were collected and analyzed to determine the prevalence of hypertension individuals in the study population. Results: A total of three hundred asymptomatic patients were incorporated into the study. The mean patient age was 41.22 years, with 25.7 % being male and 74.3 % female. The overall incidence of hypertension between asymptomatic patients during screening was found to be 20%. Subgroup analysis using age, sex, and other relevant factors will also be presented in the final report. Conclusion: Our study sheds light on the high incidence of hypertension among asymptomatic individuals during evaluation at primary health care centers in Prince Sultan Medical City, Saudi Arabia. The findings underline the importance of routine BP screening in the early identification and treatment of hypertension, which reduces the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the general population
Balancing Placebo Use with Evidence-Based Treatments: The Placebo Effect in Clinical Practice and Research
Get PDFThe placebo effect has notable implications for clinical practice and research, demonstrating its ability to enhance therapeutic outcomes through psychological and physiological mechanisms. Evidence shows that placebos can impact treatment responses by influencing patients’ expectations and mental states, with mechanisms including neurobiological changes such as endogenous opioid release and brain activity alterations. However, their use raises ethical concerns, especially regarding patient trust and autonomy. Psychological factors like belief, expectation, and mindset play a significant role in placebo efficacy, affecting mental and physical health outcomes. In clinical settings, integrating placebo effects requires careful management to enhance patient care without replacing evidence-based treatments. Ethical integration involves boosting placebo responses transparently and maintaining adherence to ethical standards to prevent misuse, such as non-disclosure or substituting proven therapies, which can damage trust and patient autonomy. Future research aims to refine placebo mechanisms, including genetic factors and biomarkers—to personalize medicine and improve therapeutic efficacy—and evaluate the long-term effects of placebo responses on patient care. Placebos are essential in drug development and approval. Placebo-controlled trials help differentiate between active drug effects and psychological influences. However, ethical concerns, especially about withholding effective treatments, remain. Guidelines by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) are crucial for upholding ethical standards in these trials. While the placebo effect offers valuable insights, its application must be managed with transparency and rigor to balance its benefits with high ethical standards in medical practice
Evaluation of Serum Ferritin, Iron and C-Reactive Protein Level in Children with Febrile Seizure in Wasit Province, Iraq
Get PDFBackground: Febrile seizures are a commonplace pediatric neurological sickness, often related to fever and infections. Recent research suggest a capability hyperlink among iron deficiency, inflammation, and the prevalence of febrile seizures, but the relationship remains underexplored in particular populations. This study aimed to assess the affiliation between serum iron, ferritin levels, and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and white blood cell [WBC] remember) in youngsters with febrile seizures in comparison to healthful controls.Methods: A case-manage study become performed involving a hundred youngsters aged 6 months to 6 years, with 50 kids who skilled febrile seizures (patient institution) and 40 age-matched healthful controls. Serum ferritin, iron, CRP degrees, and WBC counts had been measured and compared between the 2 groups. The data have been analyzed the usage of impartial t-assessments, Pearson correlation, and multivariate logistic regression.Results: Children within the febrile seizure institution had extensively decrease serum ferritin (40.5 ± 30.2 ng/mL) and iron levels (40.8 ± 15.3 μg/dL) as compared to controls (85.7 ± 20.4 ng/mL and 75.4 ± 18.7 μg/dL, respectively; p < 0.001). CRP ranges and WBC counts had been notably better within the affected person organization (25.6 ± 48 mg/L and 18,400 ± 5,200 cells/μL, respectively) compared to controls (2.3 ± 1.1 mg/L and 7,200 ± 1,800 cells/μL; p < 0.001). A robust bad correlation was observed among CRP ranges with each serum ferritin (r = -0.462) and serum iron (r = -0.625). Multivariate logistic regression identified lower serum iron and ferritin stages, and better CRP and WBC counts as good sized unbiased predictors of febrile seizures.Conclusion: The findings advise that iron deficiency and accelerated inflammatory markers are tremendous chance factors for febrile seizures in kids. These effects highlight the importance of monitoring iron repute and managing inflammation in pediatric sufferers prone to febrile seizures
Sociodemographic Influences on Anemia in Pediatric Populations at Al-Sajad General Hospital, Al-Najaf Province
Get PDFBackground: Anemia, characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin concentration, is a significant global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries, with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. The aim of study is to evaluated how are sociodemographic Influences on Anemia in Pediatric Populations at Al-Sajad General Hospital, Al-Najaf Province. Method: This cross-sectional study at Al-Sajad General Hospital in Al-Najaf involved measuring hemoglobin levels in children (neonates to 10 years) and their non-pregnant mothers (18-50 years), and collecting sociodemographic data via a structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer, and statistical analyses (t-tests and ANOVA) were performed to compare levels across different sociodemographic groups. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Results: The study found that the mean hemoglobin level was 9.8 ± 0.7 mg/dL. Significant differences in hemoglobin levels were observed based on residency (higher in urban children) and age groups (higher in older children). No significant differences were noted for gender, birth order, nutritional status, or timing of complementary food introduction. Conclusion: The study concluded that urban residency and older age were associated with higher hemoglobin levels in children, while maternal employment was linked to higher hemoglobin levels in mothers. Tailored public health strategies focusing on nutrition and healthcare access in rural areas and among housewives are essential to address anemia
On the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) – A Practical Application for the DNA Sequencing Data
Get PDFAll traits of an organism are associated with the genes. Organisms carry genes all of their lifetimes and pass them to the next generations. In genetics, case-control linkage studies named Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are conducted to establish an association between specific genes, and any medical conditions. It helps to understand the inheritance of traits. In GWAS, genetic markers help us to specify genes, and deliver the required information. The usefulness of a genetic marker depends on the amount of information it provides, which is calculated based on the heterozygosity it holds. To determine the informativity of genetic marker different measures are used. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) is one of them. It can measure the strength of heterogeneity of a genetic marker that is associated with a gene. A simulated replica of human genome for 2000 individuals in a case-control setting was used in this study. The 16 genes were randomly selected with different features, and the genotype data were enumerated for demonstrating PIC. PIC values of some genes showed strong relation with the allele frequencies. A symmetric relationship between PIC and allele frequencies were observed for the selected genes. Similar association was also noticed for a gene having huge number of SNPs (1500). Although simulated data, this demonstration is expected to provide a significant practical insight for the introductory genetic researchers to whom the access and handling with the real genotype data is a big challenge
Isolation and Characterization of Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Benzene-1,2-Dicarboxylate from the Roots of Detarium microcarpum
Get PDFThe research aimed to Isolate the active constituent in methanolic root extract of Detarium microcarpum. The crude root extract of methanolic of Detarium microcarpum extracted with methanol by maceration method and concentrated to dryness. The crude methanol extract root of Detarium microcarpum yielded 9.65 % (w/w) while the partitioned portion yield of n-hexane 18.5 % (w/w) Chloroform 24.17 % (w/w), Ethyl acetate 5.2 % (w/w) and n-butanol 10.7 % (w/w) respectively. The phytochemical studies of the crude extract root of Detarium microcarpum and partitioned portion of ethyl acetate and n-butanol revealed the presence of carbohydrate, tannins, flavonoid, terpenoids, cardenolides, saponins and cardiac glycoside. The n-butanol partitioned portion of Detarium microcarpum was subjected to column chromatographic (CC). Fractions with similar retardation factor (Rf) were combined, coded and subsequently screened for phytochemicals. Fractions AIZ (B) gave the structure which was established using spectroscopic technique and characterized as Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Acceptability of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine by the Population of Two Health Districts in Yaounde-Cameroon
Get PDFHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections with high oncogenic risk are responsible for 7.7% of cancers (mainly cervical cancer) in developing countries. Vaccination is considered to be one of the greatest public health successes, but despite its proven effectiveness, vaccination does not longer enjoy popular support, which leads to a coverage in terms of HPV vaccine almost non-existent. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the health districts of Nkolndongo and Djoungolo, with the aim of analyzing the acceptability of Human Papillomavirus vaccine in these health districts. From a structured questionnaire administered to 330 parents and 32 Community health Workers (CHWs), we found an insufficient 33.6% moderate level of HPV vaccine acceptability, a statistical significant association between parents’ marital status and HPV vaccine acceptability (OR = 0.369; P value = 0.027; 95%; CI = [0.153, 0.890]), a statistically significant association between knowing someone with cervical cancer and accepting her child to get vaccinated against HPV (OR =0.409; P-value = 0.006; 95%; CI= [0.217; 0.769]), a statistically significant association between accepting HPV vaccine and agreeing to have her child vaccinated against HPV at 51.6%, and a statistically significant association between knowing that HPV vaccine was available in health facilities and its acceptability (OR=0.210; P-value = 0.021; 95%; CI = [0.056; 0.793]). To expand HPV vaccination coverage, various activities should be carried out among the population to improve their knowledge about cervical cancer and the availability of HPV vaccine. The focus should be on unmarried parents and parents engaged in a free union relationship. Health workers should use true life stories about cervical cancer as a means of raising awareness and the list of health facilities administrating HPV vaccine should be made known to the population