European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Assessment of Bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate and Alanine Transaminases of Domestic Gas Factory Workers
Get PDFGasoline station workers are regularly exposed to many hazardous toxins vapors which can cause abnormal alterations in the functioning of many vital organs and they are associated with increased risk of liver dysfunction. This study was carried out to evaluate the Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Bilirubin in domestic cooking gas factory workers in Benin City, Edo State. ALT, AST and ALT were determined enzymatically, while bilirubin was determined using Chemical Pathology semi-autoanalyzer. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the student’s t-test. Significant difference was accepted at p<0.05. The results presented in mean ± standard deviation showed that the total bilirubin (mg/dl) of the subjects and control group was 1.12±0.33 and 0.52±0.18, conjugated bilirubin (mg/dl) was 0.44±0.12 and 0.28±0.13, AST (U/L) was 10.33±2.35 and 6.97±2.14, ALT (U/L) was 8.43±2.37 and 5.50±2.05, while ALP (U/L) was 74.83±19.51 and 37.37±17.23 respectively. Total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, AST, ALT and ALP were significantly higher (p<0.05) in domestic gas factory workers compared with control group. The total bilirubin (mg/dl) of male and female subjects was 1.25±0.36 and 0.97±0.15, conjugated bilirubin (mg/dl) was 0.45±0.11 and 0.41±0.12, AST (U/L) was 10.83±2.33 and 9.33±1.92, ALT (U/L) was 8.79±2.32 and 7.58±2.10, while ALP (U/L) was 79.91±17.56 and 64.17±19.61 respectively. The total bilirubin (mg/dl) of domestic gas factor workers who have worked for less than 1 year, between 1 – 5 years and for more than 5 years was 0.94±0.22, 1.14±0.25 and 1.54±0.24, conjugated bilirubin (mg/dl) was 0.38±0.09, 0.43±0.09 and 0.57±0.08, AST (U/L) was 8.43±1.16, 10.50±1.60 and 12.91±1.81, ALT (U/L) was 6.50±1.95, 8.79±1.42 and 10.45±1.81, while ALP (U/L) was 57.71±16.73, 78.28±10.40 and 93.55±11.04 respectively. The study concludes that exposure to gasoline by domestic gas factory workers showed increase liver function test parameters. This study observed that the domestic gas factory workers are at risk of developing biochemical alterations in the hepatic enzymes and liver function tests. Long term exposure to gasoline should be monitored, thus calling for collaboration between the health workers and gas factory management to ensure frequent monitoring of their workers health
The Effect of Training Program on Nurses' Knowledge and Practice Regarding Control of Neonatal Nosocomial Infections in Pediatric and Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospitals, Gezira State, Sudan
Get PDFNosocomial infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Knowledgeable and skillful of nurses play profound role in saving neonatal life. NIs represents a universally serious health problem and a major concern for the safety of both patients and the health care providers. This quazi-experemental hospital based study was aimed to assess the effect of the training program on nurses' knowledge and practice regarding control of neonatal nosocomial infections in Pediatric and Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospitals, Gezira State, Sudan. Sixty four nurses in neonatal care units during the period from (2019-2020) were participate in this study. Data was collected using structural self-administer questionnaire and analyzed by using (SPSS) version (23). This study showed that a significantly higher increased of percentage results for all questions regarding knowledge about concept of infection, Nosocomal infection, infection control during insertion of cannula and control of Nosocomial infection in post-intervention compared pre-intervention. Nurse's knowledge regarding prevention and control of Neonatal Nosocomial infections were improved after training program especially regarding definition, causes, and source of infection. The study concluded that there is significant improvement in nurses’ practice regarding Prevention and control of neonatal nosocomial infections after the implementation of the training program. The study recommended that to conducted periodic training program about prevention and control neonatal nosocomial infection
Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Cefotaxime Resistant from Nosocomial Infected Wounds
Get PDFBackground: The bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa known as aerobic rods with a gram negative staining, bacterial genus belonging to Pseudomonadaceae, this has only family represented within genus Pseudomonas. Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are facilitated by secretory toxin-secreting external tissue components, such as lipopolysaccharides and pyocyanin uptake pigments. It is one of the most significant hospital-acquired infections and is the primary nosocomial pathogen, causing infections that often prolong treatment time following hospital stays.Objectives: To isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected wounds as a clinical pathogen and to confirm cefotaxime resistance.Patients and Methods: Samples were collected from 65 patients of both sexes and various ages with infected wounds. All patients were hospitalized and received maintenance treatment and first aid. This was confirmed by cultures from brain-heart infusion broth media, on blood agar, and MacConkey agar, using Gram stains and biochemical tests. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified with a 690 nm gene integrin-1, confirming cefotaxime resistance.Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 43 samples out of a total of 65, Pseudomonas genus isolates with 43 Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria obtained from blood agar. Subsequently, MacConkey agar cultures showed oxidase, catalase, and other biochemical tests yielding 28 results. Cefotaxime resistance was tested and confirmed by PCR method for integrin-1 gene screening appeared the 18 Pseudomonas aeruginosa samples had cefotaxime resistance, 16 showed intermediate cefotaxime resistance, while 9 exhibited no resistance, with a P value of 0.004.Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates present a certainty within medical laboratories as well hospitals, there is increasing evidence apropos the capability of reliably unaffected strains to diffuse through delicate transmission. Resistance is primarily associated with the drug cefotaxime. This study aims to provide genetic evidence indicating that the P. aeruginosa was the ultimately corporate pathogenic bacteria. A major relationship was found within severe abuses of infections initiated by P. aeruginosa related to cefotaxime resistance in nosocomial trauma patients
Exploring Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras for the Essence of Happiness: A Holistic Approach
Get PDFThe pursuit of happiness has become increasingly elusive in the modern world, despite advancements in technology and access to various comforts. This abstract explores the reasons behind the growing unhappiness and the teachings of Patanjali Yoga Sutra as a means to attain happiness. The current generation is burdened by busy lifestyles, excessive workloads, materialistic desires, and imbalanced life style, leading to heightened stress levels and broken relationships. The root cause of unhappiness lies in restless desires and the fear of an uncertain future. Happiness is a state of mind, and it cannot be achieved through external material possessions. Pleasure, on the other hand, is the gratification of sensual desires and provides temporary satisfaction. The practice of yoga, as described in Patanjali Yoga Sutras, offers guidelines for happiness by transforming negativity into positivity and promoting physical, mental, and spiritual development. By integrating Patanjali’s principles into daily life, an individual can experience positive transformation and attain happiness
Appendicular Phlegmon: Current Management
Get PDFThe management of appendicular phlegmon has undergone a paradigm shift in its management from conservative treatment towards immediate appendectomy, with the introduction of laparoscopic appendectomy. The need for an interval appendectomy has also been reduced with this change but the role of extended resection is still debated with there being no consensus of whether to perform a right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection. We have conducted this review article to investigate the management of appendicular phlegmon especially the role of laparoscopic appendectomy and extended resection
The Diagnostic Challenge of Frontal Alzheimer's Disease: Case Report and Literature Review
Get PDFAtypical forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have long been described, but it's only recently that the aphasic, frontal, and visuospatial variants have been included in the clinical diagnostic and research criteria for AD. The frontal form, also known as the behavioral and/or dysexecutive form of AD, is still a poorly understood and poorly defined entity. Patients present with either behavioral or executive disorders, or both. It is now possible to establish, in vivo, a diagnosis of frontal variant AD (fv-AD) with a high degree of probability by comparing the neuropsychological profile and biomarkers. However, the neuropsychological and behavioral profile of patients with fv-AD is still poorly understood, often leading to diagnostic difficulties and confusion with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (bv-FTLD), which is the main differential diagnosis. We will illustrate the difficulties sometimes encountered in practice in the differential diagnosis between these pathologies through a clinical observation
Adoption of Blockchain Technology Framework for Addressing Counterfeit Drugs Circulation
Get PDFCounterfeit drugs are a problem both in developed and developing countries. Nigeria is a developing country experiencing the problem of counterfeit drugs and as such is the use case for this research work. The negative effects counterfeit drugs have on human health and economy of the country calls for urgent attention. One amongst many reasons why counterfeit drugs are still in circulation in Nigeria is the unmonitored drug distribution system. Drugs throughout their shelf life moves from one owner to another, from the importer/manufacturer to Distributor, wholesaler to government/private healthcare sectors and then to the patients. The current drug distribution system in Nigeria is a manually, unmonitored system, where the regulatory agency body National Agency for Food and Drug Administration control (NAFDAC) does not have detailed record on the movement of drugs from either the importer or manufacturer to the patient in the system. In this study blockchain technology framework that can handle the drug distribution chain was discussed, since blockchain technology offers immutability, transparency and tamper proof, it functionalities are what intrigued the study as it can help monitor the movement of drug in the distribution chain. The proposed system is a prototype demonstrating the hashing mechanism with a deployed smart contract and how it can help in showing the authenticity of a drug. The blockchain framework is a private blockchain, where participants on the network are permitted to have access to the network by the regulatory agency. The system was evaluated based on it’s effectiveness from users reports using the security, user friendly, response time, flexibility, data integrity checks, robust, hashing mechanism functional as the benchmark. The actual test result equates the expected test result, showing that the system is efficient
A Case Report of Subacute Degeneration of the Spinal Cord due to Chronic Nitrous Oxide Use with Review of the Literature
Get PDFSubacute degeneration of the spinal cord (SACD) is an acute medical emergency that requires early detection and management to limit worsening neurological deficit. With the increase in the usage of recreational drugs including nitrous oxide whippets, the incidence of the condition is noted to be rising. Currently it is the second most commonly used recreational drug used in the United Kingdom amongst 18–24-year-olds. Here we present a young gentleman with weakness and numbness following chronic usage of nitrous oxygen whippets
Supernumerary Nostril, Proboscis Lateralis and Polyrhinia
Get PDFSupernumerary nostrils can be divided into three categories: extranostrils added to normal pair of nostrils as simple supernumerary, Proboscis lateralis when only one nostril present and a new nostril develop later, Polyrhinia is described as double set of noses in a single face. GnRH required for growth and manifestation of sexual organs originated at nasal placodes and settles at hypothalamus later. Formation of a new nostril requires a new nasal placode to form and grow
Direct Antiglobulin Test in Predicting the Severity of Hyperbilirubinemia and Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Get PDFThis study investigated the efficacy of the Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) reaction grades and the severity of hyperbilirubinaemia, in order to assist with the prediction and treatment of HDN. However, a weak correlation was found in this study. DAT significance may be ambiguous and it is only when combined with clinical assessment may it aid in building a complete prognosis. This was supported from studies such as [1,2], who also believed that in isolation DAT significance is limited without other parameters such as, the Full Blood Count (FBC), Total Serum Bilirubim(TSB) , reticulocyte count and more importantly a clinical assessment.A total of 287 neonates were identified and eligible for the study over a 3 year period, 126 were female of which 77.8% with a negative DAT, 15.9% weakly positive (1+), 4.8% with a 2+ reaction strength and 1.6% as 3+ reaction. In comparison there were 161 male neonates with similar results with a negative DAT at 70.2%, 1.9% had an inconclusive DAT and 13% had an 1+ DAT reaction. The male neonates were around 3 times more likely to have a 2+ DAT at 11.8% than the female neonates and almost twice more likely to have a 3+ DAT. Both genders had a p-value of 0.92. There was a low prevalance of DAT positive neonates. The frequency of negative DAT made up 73.5% of the study population with a skewness 1.879. In total there were 76 (26.4%) of which 14.3% had a weakly positive (1+) DAT.The independent distribution of DAT positivity suggested non-parametric statistics application to the dataset. The DAT results were skewed (showing a disproportionate number of negative DAT results. However, this was also found in studies described by [3], who found only 37/303 neonates having a positive DAT.The limitations to the study were the small number of patients with a positive DAT, only having 2 patients with a positive DAT >3. With it being an observational study, a correlation between the DAT positivity and hyperbilirubinaemia and phototherapy was sought, however this could not be used to determine causality within the cohort as there was so much variations between the subjects and a follow up with neonates was not justified post discharge