European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Adult Population Within a Southern Nigerian Community
Get PDFBackground: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing globally, particularly in low and middle-income countries, driven by factors like rapid population growth, urbanization, obesity, and physical inactivity. In the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria, the pooled prevalence is 9.8%. This study focused on assessing the prevalence of DM in the Rumuomasi community in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Method: 199 persons participated in this cross-sectional study using convenience sampling carried out at an outreach by GoodHeart and Life Support Initiative in November 2023 at the Rumuomasi community in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers state, Nigeria as part of the World Diabetes Day. Fasting blood glucose were collected using two validated glucometers (Kiptrack blood glucose monitor) with a timing of 10 seconds and analyzed descriptively. Results: Out of 199 participants (63 males, 136 females), this study found a 6.53% diabetes prevalence (13 individuals), mostly in the 41-60 age group (n=7) and >60 age group (n=5). Despite this, the majority had normal fasting blood glucose. Pre-diabetes was present in 5.53% of the population. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM in this community (6.53%) was lower than the earlier reported of 6.8% in Port Harcourt in 2003 and 9.0% in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. This could be as a result of increasing diabetic – awareness programmes. Enlightenment campaigns on routine glucose checks, campaigns highlighting the value of a traditional lifestyle, particularly with regard to diet should be carried out more often
The Effect of Polyphenols on Cellular and Isolated Proteasomes
Get PDFThis study investigated the impact of phenyl-γ-valerolactones (PVLs), key metabolites of flavan-3-ols, on isolated and cellular proteasomes, employing both APPwt and APPmut cellular models of AD. The results demonstrate that PVLs have an inhibitory effect on proteasomes, with the mutated amyloid precursor protein gene (APPmut) cells being more susceptible to this treatment. The interaction between polyphenols and proteasomes presents a promising avenue for understanding cellular health dynamics. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polyphenols on both cellular and isolated proteasomes. The primary objective was to discern the impact of polyphenol exposure on proteasome activity and its potential implications for cellular functions. In vitro studies were conducted using a range of polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids. Cellular models were employed to assess the influence of polyphenols on cellular proteasome activity, while isolated proteasomes were subjected to polyphenol treatments to discern direct interactions. The findings revealed significant modulatory effects of polyphenols on both cellular and isolated proteasomes and C2 had strong inhibitory effects on constitutive proteasome activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.01619 μM to 0.08738 μM. Additional compounds, PGPH and BrAAP, also had inhibitory effects on both proteasome subtypes. Flavonoids demonstrated a dose-dependent enhancement of proteasome activity in cellular models, while phenolic acids exhibited varying effects. Isolated proteasomes responded differently to specific polyphenols, suggesting compound-specific interactions. This study provides novel insights into the intricate relationship between polyphenols and proteasomes, highlighting their potential impact on cellular health. Understanding these interactions could pave the way for targeted interventions in diseases associated with proteasome dysfunction, offering new perspectives on the potential therapeutic roles of polyphenols
Comparison of Adult and Child Endotracheal Administration of Epinephrine in a Normovolemic Cardiac Arrest Model
Get PDFBackground: Maximum concentration (Cmax), Time to maximum concentration (Tmax), Mean Concentration over time (MC), Area under the Curve (AUC), and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were compared between endotracheal epinephrine pediatric (ET Epi Peds) and endotracheal epinephrine adult (ET Epi Adult) groups in a swine cardiac arrest model. Methods: Pigs were placed in arrest for 2 minutes, CPR was initiated for 2 minutes, and epinephrine was then administered. Blood samples were collected over 5 minutes. Epinephrine was repeated every 4 minutes until ROSC. Defibrillation began at 3 minutes and was repeated every 2 minutes until ROSC. Cardiopulmonary + defibrillation (CPR+Defib) and CPR Only groups were control groups. Results: For the ET Pedi Group, the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) were as follows: Cmax = 204 ± 35 ng/mL; Tmax =142 ± 9 seconds; and AUC = 35,245 ± 7,133 ng/mL. Because only one subject had one measurable epinephrine level in the ET Adult group, we did not compare Cmax, Tmax, or AUC between the groups. The MC of the ET Pedi Group was significantly higher than the ET Adult Group over 5 minutes (p < 05). ROSC frequencies were 8 out of 8 in the ET Pedi Group and 1 out of 7 in the ET Adult Group. Each ET Pedi CPR+Defib and ET Adult CPR+Defib Groups had 1 out of 7 achieve ROSC. None in Pedi CPR Only or Adult CPR Only achieved ROSC. The mean times in seconds ± SD were as follows: ET Pedi Group, 372 ± 163; ET Adult Group, 490 (only 1 subject); ET Pedi CPR+Defib Group, 460 ± 42 (only 1 subject) and ET Adult CPR+Defib 495 (only 1 subject). None in the CPR-Only groups achieved ROSC. Conclusion: The ET route should be considered as a first choice for the administration of epinephrine in a pediatric patient who has a cardiac arrest. We do not recommend using the ET route administration of epinephrine in adults
The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infections in Duhok Province, Iraq: A Retrospective Study
Get PDFHelicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative human pathogen. It can be considered as one of the most common causes of infections, particularly chronic gastritis in more than half of the worldwide population. The infections by H. pylori in adults as well as children continues to be a challenge for all gastroenterologists. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori among men, women and children, in addition to evaluate the relationship between the infection and age and gender in Duhok city -Iraq. The data of 200 patients were collected from both Nawroz Hospital and Roj Medical center in Duhok province, during the period from June 2023 to February 2024 and the data were analysed by (SPSS, 2019) with P. value of ≤0.05 was considered, while for age category factor, a significant variation (p<0.01) between observed and expected proportions was considered. This study revealed 126 positive cases (63%), included 64 (72.7%) male and 62 (55.4%) in females. Regarding the age category factor, it is also resulted in a significant variation (p<0.01) between observed and expected proportions according to the studied age categories and the medium age 19-39 years was the most exposed to the H. pylori infection with 62 (62.0%) infection positive, while 38 (38.0) as negative (P= 0.003). An equation was derived for prediction by H. pylori infections in the future, where the formula summarized the positive forecasting for infection as result of ≥ 1; while the healthy case will be less than 1
A Rare Case of Benign Tumor Deriving from the Eccrine Glands of the Forearm
Get PDFBackground: Cutaneous adnexal tumors are a rare cluster of neoplasms deriving from the adnexal epithelial parts of the skin, including the eccrine sweat gland epithelium. They are uncommon and heterogeneous histological entities. Generally, they present as solid or cystic lesions that seldom undergo malignant transformation. Due to their rarity in routine clinical practice, they often pose a diagnostic dilemma. Management usually involves appropriate wide local resection margins of the primary tumor. Recurrence after incomplete excision is well-known, as observed in our case. Case presentation: A patient presented here with a recurrent cutaneous adnexal tumor on the dorsum of the forearm, histopathologically proven to be a syringoepithelioma (eccrine acrospiroma), which was planned to be managed by repeat surgical excision with adequate volume. Conclusion: Eccrine acrospiroma is a solitary benign cutaneous tumor arising from the eccrine sweat gland epithelium. Only pathological analysis will lead to the diagnosis. The surgical management approach of adequate excision is the only effective treatment to prevent recurrence and malignant transformation
Population Health in Northern Mozambique. The Civil Society Opinion: A Qualitative Study
Get PDFContext: The Government of Mozambique, responding to Islamic insurgency since 2017, aiming to design a resilience strategy in Northern Mozambique (Cabo Delgado, Nampula and Niassa provinces), asked Lúrio University in 2021 to perform a consultation with grassroots communities in civil society and internally displaced people, to assess their health situation, needs and proposals.Materials and Methods: Qualitative descriptive study with focus groups discussions in urban, rural, inland, and coastal communities and internally displaced people, respecting ethical, safety, confidentiality, and preventive measures of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Convenience sampling was determined in each community and participants were selected with the support of local leaders, focusing on "resource people", stratified by adults’ gender and youth. Demographic and social data were analysed with SPSS software and answers to health questions were collected in writing and dealt with discourse analysis by category and subcategory. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.Findings: A total of 54 focus group discussions were held with 320 participants, 47.5% female, 65.6% adult and 34.4% adolescent and youth, 23.8% internally displaced persons. Most families recognise the importance of the national health service but feel cheated by the widespread corruption in public services, COVID-19 pandemic, and insurgency.Conclusion: The grassroots communities of the three provinces of northern Mozambique face daily challenges to their livelihoods and consider that public services and external support are insufficient. Valuing the availability of a free national health service, they point out serious limitations in these services, but also some proposals for solutions
Concept of Third Eye in Indian Mythology
Get PDFRevelation of significance of metopic suture in medical science is a big leap forward. Persistence of that suture gives communication in between Olfactory, Trigeminal and Facial nerves. Olfactory has direct connection to forebrain without the intervention of thalamus. This makes the show of ‘rapid fire’ so popular in TV where questions are asked and answered in jet speed. In Hindu mythology, the Nasion concept was known and they drew Lord Shiva with a third eye and Yoga practitioners focus their attention to Nasion for better cerebral introspection provided metopic suture persists and previous nerves communicate with each other over there
Prevailing Ages in Acute, Recurrent and Chronic Urinary Tract Infections in Iraq, Kirkuk City
Get PDFBackground: Acute, recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections are a major public health concern and occur in all age groups of males and females. They are a major and serious health problem that may lead to the subsequent development of serious symptoms with increased resistance to antibiotics.Aim: This study aimed to identify the most vulnerable ages in acute, recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections and the most common age groups for infection in Kirkuk cityMaterials and Methods: 151 urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infections who visited private clinics in Kirkuk Governorate. They were diagnosed by a urologist for the period from December 2022 to October 2023. The patients' ages ranged from 21-76 years. Microscopic examination, laboratory tests, culture and isolation of pathogens were performed to confirm the patients' cases.Results: In the current study, the number of male patients with urinary tract infections was 62, representing 41.1%, while the number of females was 89, representing 58.9%. The condition was diagnosed as acute, recurrent, or chronic. The results of the current study showed, that the number of samples for patients with acute urinary tract infections was 91 samples, representing 60.3% for both males and females. The number of males was 37, representing 40.7%, and the number of females was 54, representing 3.59%. As for the cases of patients with recurrent urinary tract infections, the percentage of males was 42.6%, with 23, while the percentage of females was 57.4%, with 31 samples. As for patients with chronic urinary tract infections, the percentage of males was 33.3%, with 2, while the percentage of females was 66.7%, with 4 samples. As for the age groups most affected by these cases, the ages ranged between 42-51, where the numbers were 62, with a percentage of 41.1%, followed by the age group 21-32 years, where the numbers were 42, with a percentage of 28.8%. In general, female infections were higher than males.Conclusion: This study, which was conducted on urinary tract patients in Kirkuk Governorate, showed that ages 42-51 years and ages 21-32 years are the most vulnerable groups to acute, chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections
Impact of Medication Nonadherence Across Medical Specialties: Effects on Clinical Outcomes, Physician Satisfaction, and Socioeconomic Factors with Tools for Mitigation
Get PDFNonadherence to prescribed medications is a significant issue across many medical specialties and human conditions. Nonadherence affects individuals with chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, psychiatric disorders, and respiratory conditions, as well as in more acute conditions. Nonadherence can lead to treatment delays or discontinuation, potentially impacting outcomes, but the challenge of medication adherence spans a wide variety of diseases and treatment settings. Factors influencing nonadherence are complex, including psychological, social, financial, and system-level barriers, which apply to numerous medical specialties. Historically, physicians often had to rely on suspicion and guesswork to identify nonadherence or factors contributing to reduced treatment efficacy and delayed or failed outcomes. This uncertainty often left physicians feeling limited in their ability to provide optimal care and effectively apply diagnostic strategies. Fortunately, today, there are various tools available across medical specialties that significantly reduce the uncertainty surrounding nonadherence and its contributing factors. These tools, while widely available, are sometimes underutilized or less well-known. The purpose of this paper is to serve as both a reminder and an introduction to these tools, encouraging healthcare providers to actively and practically employ them for more accurate patient and treatment assessment. This strategy ultimately supports physicians in their commitment to providing each patient with the best possible care and personalized support, as well as improving physician job satisfaction and reducing overall healthcare costs
Impact of Organized Educational Programs on Mothers' Knowledge of Preventing Mishaps at Home for Their Children in Urban Bangalore
Get PDFIn a quasi-experimental study, sixty respondents from Kerendahalli answered questions about how organized strategies affect parents' perceptions of keeping their children safe at home. The non-probability purposive sampling method was used to choose the study's sample. To gather information from the participants, the researcher has created a systematic interview schedule. Graphs and charts were used to analyze and visualize the gathered data using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Of the sixty people, fourteen (23.3%) did not know enough to avoid mishaps during the pretest. Prior to intervention, there was a dearth of knowledge regarding the prevention of home accidents among mothers' children; the percentage of mothers who had acceptable and good knowledge on the topic was only 31 (51.7) and 15 (25%), respectively. Nevertheless, according to the post-test results, out of 60 respondents, 21 (35%) had moderate knowledge and 39 (65%) had high knowledge about how to prevent accidents at home for kids. The mean score for total knowledge on the pretest was 16.32 with a standard deviation of 6.62, while the posttest resulted in a mean of 31.02 with a standard deviation of 4.99. It proves the effectiveness of the intervention. Mothers' age, profession, education, and degree of awareness about preventing accidents in children are highly correlated. The study's findings support that. Using a coordinated teaching approach, mothers' awareness of how to avoid accidents at home with their children was enhanced