European Journal of Medical and Health Research
Not a member yet
578 research outputs found
Sort by
Spontaneous Rupture of the Spleen
Get PDFRuptures of the spleen that are not caused by trauma are rare, difficult to diagnose and potentially fatal. They occur in the absence of any trauma. This case report presents a spontaneous rupture of the spleen, highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges it poses. The authors report the case of a 24-year-old male smoker who consulted them for sudden pain in the left hypochondrium that radiated to the shoulder (Kehr's sign), which was associated with hypovolaemic shock. Biological work-up revealed acute anemia, and abdominal CT scan showed splenic rupture with unexpected hemoperitoneum. The patient was managed conservatively in an intensive care unit with clinical and biological monitoring, without surgical intervention. This case highlights the importance of early evaluation of an atypical acute abdominal presentation essentially in the absence of obvious trauma and which can rapidly engage the vital prognosis in the absence of an optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approach
Bush Candle Fruit (Canarium schweinfurthii): A Novel Source of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
Get PDFSuperoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzymatic antioxidant that specifically scavenge superoxide radical. Plants have been the safest source of the enzyme. The aim of this research was to screen thirty (30) fruits that are locally available in Bauchi town, North-eastern Nigeria, for superoxide dismutase activity. This was done using standard methods. The result revealed that Bush candle fruit has the highest SOD activity (35.89 ± 0.04 units/g) while pawpaw has the lowest SOD activity (1.04 ± 0.02 units/g) among the screened fruits. Cyanide concentration in the fruits was also determined to see if it has influence in the ranking of the fruits in terms of SOD activity. The result revealed that all the fruits contain cyanide but its concentration has no influence in their ranking. Thus, among the thirty screened fruits, Bush candle fruit has the highest SOD activity, and may be a novel source of SOD that could be optimized in subsequent research for application in the food and health sectors
Leptin and C-Reactive Protein in Hypertension: Correlation and Risk Factor with Serum Albumin, Globulin and Total Protein
Get PDFHypertension is a multifaceted, intricate condition. More than 1.13 billion individuals worldwide are impacted by its prevalence, above 31%. Compared to people without hypertension, those with hypertension are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal disease. The current research was conducted between August 2024 and March 2025. Two hundred adults aged between 35 and 65 years were recruited for the study and split into two groups. The study includes 100 hypertension (HTN) patients, 40 of whom are male and 60 of whom are female. Additionally, 100 subjects aged 35 to 47 were chosen to serve as the control group (healthy individuals). Using a spectrophotometer, albumin, total proteins, Triglyceride (TG), Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) were measured. Thermoscientific's Multiskan FC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess leptin and C-reactive protein. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p<0.01). CRP levels, an inflammatory marker, were significantly elevated in the patient group and correlated positively with systolic blood pressure, suggesting higher inflammatory activity. Leptin levels were reduced in patients, pointing to potential metabolic disturbances (p<0.01). Leptin shows no correlation with other parameters. Albumin, total protein, and globulin levels were significantly higher in the patient group (p<0.01), which could reflect a compensatory response to inflammation. The A/G ratio was significantly elevated in the patient group (p<0.01) and was negatively correlated with globulin, indicating altered protein metabolism and potentially higher inflammatory or immune system activation
Focal 99mTc-MDP Uptake in Liver in Bone Scintigraphy in Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report
No full textBackground: 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy is widely applied in the evaluation of both benign and malignant skeletal disorders. Nevertheless, extra-osseous accumulation of the radiotracer is an uncommon finding. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of such uptake is essential, as in certain contexts it may carry important diagnostic implications. In other cases, alterations in tracer biodistribution may have limited clinical relevance but can markedly compromise image interpretation. The purpose of this case report is to highlight these atypical patterns in order to minimize diagnostic errors and provide valuable clinical insights. Case Presentation: A 45-year-old woman with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), previously managed with multiple cycles of chemotherapy, presented with low back pain and paresthesia characterized by burning sensations in both lower limbs. A 99mTc-MDP bone scan was performed to exclude potential skeletal metastases. Unexpectedly, the scan demonstrated prominent radiotracer accumulation in segments V, VI, and VII of the right hepatic lobe. Conclusion: This report discusses potential mechanisms contributing to such pronounced hepatic uptake. In this patient, the findings are most likely attributable to necrotic hepatic changes secondary to prior chemotherapy for HCC
Physiological Effect of Hypothyroidism on Blood Pressure in Women
No full textBackground: Hypothyroidism is a chronic disease that occurs when thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones and without treatment HT may lead to serious health problems such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Objective: The study aims to measure the level of some serum parameters that may associated with the occurrence of hypertension in HT women. Methodology: 90 serum samples, divide equally as patient and control were collected in a private laboratory based on the diagnosis of an internist, ELISA technique was used to record the levels of samples serum TSH, renin, aldosterone, cortisol, vasopressin, while TG, Total chole, LDL-C, HDL-C were measured by spectrophotometer for both patients and healthy samples. SPSS version 26 was used in the statistical analysis of results (p≤0.05). Results: Increase in the serum TSH, renin, vasopressin, TG, Total chole, LDL-C, HDL-C in HT patients compared with control group, a significant increase in the level of systolic presser and diastolic presser in patients. TSH level showed a significant variation between patients under the effect of BMI and history of the disease and significant correlation was recorded between blood presser with TSH, renin and vasopressin. Conclusion: The women with HT showed an abnormality in the level of some hormones that are associated with hypertension
Discover Oncology: The Interplay Between the Food/Drug Related Nitrosogenesis Based on ROS/Nitric Oxide (NO) Interaction: The Two of the Most Powerful Factors Responsible for the Photo Nitroso Carcinogenicity Concerning the Skin Cancers Pathogenesis
No full textProcesses concerning concepts such as phototoxicity/ photodecomposition with subsequent development of photo carcinogenicity and skin cancer generation are also influenced/modulated by drug and food intake.It is the drugs and foods that determine or define the concepts of Nitrosogenesis and Nitroso mediated Photo carcinogenesis of skin cancer. Nitrosamines are well known phototoxic/ photolabile substances from the distant past, some of them also having additional carcinogenic or mutagenic effects. The intake of nitrosamines with the drugs can be 1) in the framework of the so-called nitroso contamination or the intake of a ready carcinogen that has already occurred outside the body, such as NDEA, NMBA, NDMA, etc. or 2) they arise de novo in the organism when the following prerequisites are present: 2. 1) the presence of a secondary or tertiary amino group in the respective drugs, 2. 2) the presence of a gastric or acidic environment and 2. 3) the presence of nitrite-rich food. In practice, it appears that diet largely defines drug-mediated mixed-type Photo Nitrosogenesis/Photo Nitroso- Carcinogenesis, and hence skin cancer incidence.Therefore, the simultaneous intake of some nitrite-rich foods such as Broccoli, Cabbage, Carrot, Cauliflower, Celery, Cucumber, Leek, Lettuce, Parsley, Pumpkin, Red beetroot, Spinach for example, together with some drugs could appear to be risky for the skin cancer generation. On the other hand, the food itself could also be a direct donor of finished nitrosamines such as NDMA: cured meats, fish, and alcoholic beverages like beer and whiskey/ NDEA- in processed meats.In practice, the exogenously defined, but this time predominantly nutritionally mediated, Nitrosogenesis concerning skin cancer mirrors the drug medicated one and could also be considered as 1) exogenous, based on direct intake of finished carcinogens with foods, or 2) mixed type : Namely, 1) intake of nitrite-rich foods, which in 2) under stomach conditions/acidic/ and 3) intake of secondary or tertiary amines with the medication. The greater the number of drugs taken by a patient, the higher the risk of taking 1) drugs with pure phototoxicity/not nitrosamine related/ non nitroso contamination-based effects, but also 2) those whose final photocarcinogenicity could be defined on the basis of taking 2.1) finished , completed nitrosamines, as well as 2.2) those that are subsequently converted into such. In this context, we report a patient, who developed a high-risk tumor near the eye under systemic treatment with : (nitroso-) metoprolol, (nitroso-) torasemide, (nitroso-) rosuvastatin, (nitroso-) ezetinib, Nitroso acetylsalicylic acid (NO-ASA), (nitroso-) piroxicam , (nitroso-) dapaglifozin and (nitroso-) clopidogrel. Whether the role of Nitrosogenesis is discussed in the context of phototoxicity or photodecomposition of nitrosamines in the human body, both processes are characterized by the subsequent generation of genotoxic/ mutagenic substances and DNA damage. The photodecomposition of nitrosamines leads to the release of nitric oxide. The last one interacts with ROS, and this interaction could either promote or suppress carcinogenesis. Low concentrations of NO are thought to promote carcinogenesis. The interaction between NO and ROS influences and modulates the processes directly related to carcinogenesis: angiogenesis, programmed cell death, and cell signaling. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance in ROS levels, is a also key factor in the development and progression of skin cancer. This explains why low concentrations of nitrosamines in drugs should be often considered as more dangerous than higher concentrations, as it is precisely these that promote skin cancer when interacting with ROS. Both UVB and UVA are considered generators of ROS in the context of photo carcinogenesis. Subsequent interactions with nitric oxide reinforce the concept of photo Nitrosogenesis/carcinogenesis of skin cancer or Nitroso photo carcinogenesis/Nitroso photo genesis of skin cancer based on drug (but also food) intake. Photocarcinogenicity related to the onset and progression of keratinocyte cancer seems to be nitroso-dependent, regardless of the mechanism by which it is generated: photodecomposition or phototoxicity: in fact the final result is the development of Nitroso Photo Carcinogenicity based on medicinal and/or dietary intake. Correction of this type of adverse drug reactions, namely skin cancer in high-risk areas, could be successfully treated using severe reconstructive surgical techniques such as island flap
Artificial Intelligence and Management Control in Hospitals: A Critical Review and Conceptual Integration
No full textThis article provides a critical review of the literature on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into hospital management control systems (MCS). The rapid development of AI in healthcare has created significant opportunities for enhancing forecasting, optimizing resource allocation, and improving costing accuracy. Despite these advances, the adoption of AI within financial and strategic control frameworks remains limited. The review synthesizes empirical findings and conceptual contributions published between 2020 and 2025. It examines applications such as predictive analytics for patient flows, digital twin simulations for resource optimization, and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) for more precise financial monitoring. These findings are analyzed in relation to established management control frameworks, including the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Performance Management Systems (PMS). The literature reveals a strong convergence on AI’s technical potential, particularly in improving predictive accuracy and operational efficiency. However, divergences remain regarding the extent to which these tools are integrated into governance and financial control systems. Methodological limitations, including reliance on single-site studies, absence of causal designs, and fragmented approaches to prediction and costing, restrict the strength of current evidence. This article proposes a conceptual model that links AI capabilities with MCS and highlights governance as a key moderator of outcomes. It emphasizes that AI does not replace management control but augments it, moving from retrospective reporting toward proactive and simulation-based governance. By identifying theoretical gaps and outlining a future research agenda, the study contributes to a better understanding of how AI can support financial sustainability and strategic decision-making in hospitals
Early Pregnancy Risk and Fetus Outcomes
No full textBackground: Teenage pregnancy remains a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes due to physiological, social, and healthcare-related challenges. Objective: This study aimed to assess the maternal and fetal risks associated with teenage pregnancy and compare pregnancy outcomes between teenage and adult pregnant women in Basra, Iraq. Methods: A longitudinal analytical cohort study was conducted over a seven-month period (November 1, 2011, to May 31, 2012) in 13 Primary Health Care (PHC) centers across Basra. A total of 360 pregnant women were included: 120 teenagers (<19 years, cases) and 240 women aged 19–29 years (controls). Data were collected through structured interviews using a pre- designed questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, antenatal findings, and delivery outcomes. The same investigator conducted all interviews to maintain consistency. Results: Teenage pregnant women were found to have significantly higher risks of several maternal complications compared to the control group. These included anemia (OR: 1.7, 48.3%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR: 5.3, 4.2%), obstetric complications such as placenta previa and amniotic fluid disorders (OR: 1.4, 8.3%), cesarean section (OR: 1.6, 20%), instrumental delivery (OR: 2.5, 4.2%), postpartum hemorrhage (OR: 1.7, 4.2%), preterm delivery (OR: 1.2, 2.5%), and low birth weight infants (OR: 3.4, 12.5%). Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were also significantly higher among teenage mothers (OR: 2.9, 5%). Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Targeted antenatal care and early medical interventions are essential to mitigate these risks and improve outcomes for both mother and child
Cardiovascular Diseases in Uzbekistan: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment
No full textCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, including in Uzbekistan. These disorders, which affect the heart and blood vessels, account for a significant share of premature deaths, mainly due to myocardial infarction and stroke. The burden of CVD is particularly high in low- and middle-income countries. This paper discusses the main types of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart palpitations, cerebrovascular disorders, and peripheral arterial disease. It also highlights major risk factors including hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, the paper examines approaches to diagnosis and treatment, as well as preventive strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence of CVD. The findings suggest that comprehensive prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment are crucial in reducing the social and economic burden of cardiovascular diseases
From First Puncture to Mastery: Reflections on 17 Years of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
No full textBackground: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is now considered the gold-standard minimally invasive procedure for managing large or complex renal calculi. Continuous refinements in instrumentation and access techniques have improved safety and efficacy.Objective: To evaluate the evolution of PCNL outcomes over a 17-year period, focusing on operative parameters, access techniques, and complication trends across multiple centers in Baghdad. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 8,750 patients who underwent PCNL between March 2008 and June 2025 across five hospitals. Patients were divided into two temporal groups: Group 1 (2008–2016, n = 3,250) and Group 2 (2016–2025, n = 5,500). Demographic data, patient selection criteria, operative time, radiation exposure, stone- free rate, and complications were analyzed.Results: There was no significant difference in baseline comorbidities between the groups. However, Group 2 showed markedly shorter operative (65.7 ± 12.9 min vs. 82.4 ± 15.6 min) and fluoroscopy times (2.3 ± 0.9 min vs. 4.8 ± 1.2 min) (p < 0.001). The stone-free rate improved from 93% to 98%, while complications decreased from 11.2% to 5.4%. The PHJ access technique and prone positioning were predominant. Adoption of single-step dilation since 2014 further reduced operative time.Conclusion: Seventeen years of experience in PCNL demonstrate that accumulated surgical expertise, refined access strategies, and technological advancement significantly enhance procedural safety and success. The study confirms that high-volume experience, proper training, and selective adoption of modern techniques can optimize patient outcomes and make PCNL as safe and effective as open surgery