European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Optimizing Radiotherapy Techniques for Breast Cancer: A Dosimetric and Clinical Comparison of 3DCRT and IMRT
No full textBackground: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide, and radiotherapy plays a major role in reducing local recurrence and enhancing chances of survival. With advancements in radiation planning, newer techniques such as Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) offer the potential for improved dose conformity and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing compared with conventional Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT). This study compares the dosimetric performance of IMRT and 3DCRT in breast cancer patients in order to determine their relative advantages. Methods: A retrospective dosimetric analysis was conducted on treatment plans generated using IMRT and 3DCRT. Planning Target Volume (PTV) coverage, dose homogeneity, conformity, and doses to critical structures, including the heart, lungs, spinal cord, and contralateral breast were evaluated. Homogeneity Index (HI) and Conformity Index (CI) were calculated and mean, maximum, and minimum dose parameters were compared across interventions. Findings: IMRT demonstrated superior dosimetric performance, demonstrating improved dose homogeneity (mean HI 0.70 ± 0.25 vs. 1.05 ± 0.20 in 3DCRT) and better conformity (CI 0.95 ± 0.10 vs. 0.82 ± 0.12). While PTV coverage was comparable, IMRT achieved significantly lower doses to OARs, including a 28–35% reduction in heart mean dose, notable reductions in ipsilateral and contralateral lung doses, and substantially less scatter dose to the contralateral breast. Spinal cord maximum doses were also lower with IMRT, indicating safer exposure levels. Conclusion: IMRT offers clinically meaningful dosimetric advantages over 3DCRT by enhancing target conformity and reducing radiation to critical structures. These findings support adopting IMRT as a preferred radiotherapy technique for breast cancer, particularly for patients at increased risk of cardiopulmonary toxicity. Further studies incorporating long-term clinical outcomes are recommended
A Study to Access the Effectiveness of Psychoeducation Module on Managing Anger Adolescent Students in Selected School, Bangalore
No full textAdolescents are suffering with many physical, social, emotional, and
psychological problems which enhance the level of anger. Hence, anger management is an intervention which involves the adolescent students in the active recollection of life experiences. It allows them to relieve the personal events from their past in a way that is vivid and engaging, and encourages them to communicate those experiences to a listener. The results of the study were based on the statistical analysis. The effectiveness of the education module on anger management was assessed by paired “t” test and association between the post- test levels of anger with selected demographic variables was assessed by chi-square test. Study result: The finding of the study revealed that anger is decreased with paired t- test p≤0.001. There is a very High statistical significance difference in the effectiveness of psycho education modules to decrease anger among adolescent students in St Mary’s public School, kanshiram nagar, Bangalore. The adolescents have reduced their anger score from 65.61 to 46.49 after the administration of the psycho education module. The comparison of overall anger score before and after psycho education module mean ± SD = 65.61±15.83, post-test mean ± SD = 46.49±12.5, mean difference mean ± SD = 19.12±20.31, students paired t-test t=9.41 p=0.001***, DF=99 significant. Very high significant at *P= ≤0.001 DF=Degrees of freedom.
List of Abbreviations Used: PMT – Parent Management Training, CBT – Cognitive behavioral therapy, WHO - World Health organization, MHN - Mental health nursing, PE - Psycho Education, Df - Degree of freedom, M – Mean, MD - Mean Deviation, NS -Non- Significant, r - Correlation Coefficient, SD - Standard Deviation, S – Significant, X2 - Chi Square , % - percentage, Tab – Table, Fig - Figure
Exploring the Knowledge Level of First-Year GNM Students on Health-Oriented First Aid Interventions in a Selected Nursing College, Bangalore
No full textFirst aid is an essential life-saving measure that promotes health, prevents
complications, and ensures timely response to emergencies. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding health-promoting first aid services among first-year GNM students at Smt. Nagarathnamma College of Nursing, Bangalore. A total of 60 students were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions covering general principles, emergency management, and health promotion aspects of first aid. The findings revealed that 58.3% of participants had adequate knowledge, 38.3% had moderately adequate knowledge, and only 3.4% demonstrated inadequate knowledge. The mean score was 23.1 ± 3.4, indicating satisfactory theoretical understanding. No significant association was found between knowledge and demographic variables such as age, gender, or residence (p > 0.05). The study concludes that while first-year GNM students possess adequate theoretical knowledge, reinforcement through skill-based training and simulation is essential to enhance practical competence and readiness for emergency care. Integrating structured first aid training modules within nursing curricula is recommended to strengthen preparedness and health promotion among future nurses
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Prevention of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Bengaluru
No full textBackground & objectives: Acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs) are among the most common illnesses in under-five children and contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality in India. Limited maternal awareness regarding prevention and early management increases the burden. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge and practice regarding AURTI prevention among mothers of under-five children. Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test/post-test design was used. Thirty literate mothers of under-five children attending a paediatric outpatient department in a hospital at Bengaluru were selected by purposive sampling. A structured questionnaire on knowledge and practice regarding AURTI prevention was administered before and after a STP. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and chi-square test. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Results: Pre-test findings revealed that 73.3% of mothers had inadequate knowledge (<50%). Post-test scores showed that 66.7% had adequate knowledge (>75%). Mean knowledge scores improved significantly from 13.43 ± 3.62 (44.8%) to 24.30 ± 5.39 (81.0%) (t = 8.95, p <0.001). No significant association was found between pre-test knowledge and demographic variables (p>0.05). Interpretation & conclusions: The structured teaching programme was effective in improving maternal knowledge and practices regarding AURTI prevention. Universal maternal education interventions, irrespective of demographic factors, can contribute to reducing preventable childhood morbidity. Integration of such programmes into routine maternal and child health services is recommended
A Study to Access the Knowledge Regarding Communication Barriers among BSC Nursing Students at Selected Colleges of Bangalore
No full textCommunication is one the key skill in nursing profession. Learning communication barriers in nursing is important due to the importance of quality communication in safe, patient-focused care. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 first year BSc nursing students at Smt. Nagarathanamma College of Nursing, Bangalore. This study was intended to assess the knowledge of first year BSc nursing students regarding communication barriers in nursing. A non-probability convenience sampling technique were used to select the sample and a structured questionnaire consists of two sections were used to assess the knowledge and distribution of socio-demographic variables. The study result revealed that 48% of the population having a poor knowledge level regarding communication barriers, with only 32% in the good-knowledge and 20% in the average category. The study shows that there is an urgent need to improve communication-barrier education in the nursing curriculum. By filling in these gaps in nursing programs can better prepare students to work well with patients and other professionals, which will ultimately improve the quality and safety of healthcare
Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections
No full textUrinary tract infection (UTI) id a general term that refers to the presence of microorganisms in the urine. A total of 75 urine samples were collected. All samples were cultured, as suspected of having UTI, and 43 samples (57.3 %) showed growth (positive culture), while 32 samples (42.6 %) were negative cultures. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant cause of UTI with percentage (93%). While gram-positive were found in 6.96%. E.coli were the predominant Gram-negative genus to isolate from UTI patients, while Staphylococcus sp. Were the predominant among gram-positive bacteria. Isolation and identification the bacteria based on traditional diagnostic test such as Catalase, Oxidase, Coagulase tests and VITEK-2 system. The study involved determining the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates against 21 antibiotics, the results showed that all pathogens detected were resistant to at least 1-2 antibiotics. The antibiotic that showed highest sensitivity among antibiotics were Ciprofloxacin except K.pneumoniae and S.haemolyticus, E.faecalis. Meropenem antibiotic was more effective against all gram- negative Bacteria. Biofilm detection by using two different methods: Tube method (TM), Congo red agar method (CRA), among the total organisms isolated 25 (58.1%) showed Biofilm producer (BP), while 18 (41.8 %) Non Biofilm producer (NBP). Strong biofilm production was observed in E.coli, P.aeruginosa, K.pneumoniae. Most of uropathogens form biofilms, with a higher prevalence in antibiotic-resistant strains, sensitive bacteria also form biofilms but less frequently
A Comparative Study to Assess the Impact of Gym- Based Exercises and Natural Physical Activities among Students of Acharya College, Bangalore
No full textA research study was conducted to compare the impact of gym based exercises and natural exercises among students of Acharya College, with the objectives. To assess the existing exercise patterns and preferences of students regarding gym-based workout and natural physical activities. To compare the effectiveness of gym-based exercise and natural physical activity on physical fitness among students. To find an association between exercise preferences and selected demographic variables. The study was carried out at selected colleges from Acharya institute using descriptive comparative study design. A total of 60 students (30 engaged in gym-based exercises and 30 engaged in natural physical activities) were selected through purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a self- structured questionnaire and attitude scale. The result indicated that the mean percentage of knowledge score among the 30 participants who is practicing gym exercise (71.33%) was higher than the mean percentage of knowledge score among the 30 participants who is practicing natural exercise (69.78%)). The calculated ‘t’ value showed a significant difference between mean gym related and natural related knowledge scores. The attitude scale revealed that out of 30 respondents 13(43.33%) having positive attitude towards gym related exercises and out of 30 respondents 19(63.33%) having positive attitude towards natural exercises. The study concludes that the more number of participants were having positive attitude towards the natural exercises
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type: Case Report and Literature Review
Get PDFSmall cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), is an extremely rare and aggressive ovarian cancer subtype associated with SMARCA4 mutations. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain and distension, diagnosed with a solid-cystic ovarian mass and advanced disease with peritoneal and lymphatic dissemination. Exploratory laparotomy and pathological analysis confirmed SCCOHT, FIGO stage IIIC, with loss of SMARCA4 expression. The patient received initial chemotherapy with a PEB regimen, achieving partial response but subsequent disease progression. Following this, she was switched to carboplatin and etoposide without success. The disease progressed rapidly, involving mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. In the terminal stage, palliative care measures were prioritized, and the patient passed away eight months after symptom onset. SCCOHT poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The tumor's genomic stability and sensitivity to epigenetic modulators present promising opportunities for the development of targeted therapies. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis, interdisciplinary management, and the need for innovative therapeutic strategies for this highly aggressive disease
Effective of Health Education Program in Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Diabetic Septic Foot Patients to Prevent Foot Ulcers at King Fahd General Hospital Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2018 to 2021)
Get PDFDiabetes is the most common chronic disease worldwide. Although many serious complications can affect the individual with diabetes, foot problems take the greatest. This is an interventional quasi-experimental hospital-based study was conduct in King Fahd General Hospital in Jeddah, king of Saudi Arabia aimed at assessing the effective of health education program in knowledge, attitudes and practice of diabetic septic foot patient to prevent foot ulcer. Sixty diabetic ulcers patients were participating in this study during the period of the study from July 2018 to July 2021. The data was collected by using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study results evident that the percentage of knowledge regarding diabetic septic foot patient to prevent foot ulcer for all items of diabetic septic foot care, were improved after the training program. The results of study regarding knowledge of patients to cause of diabetic foot ulcers were highly increased in percentages in post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. The results regarding education of risk factors of diabetic patients were increased in percentage in post-intervention compared to pre-intervention in education program for correct questions, but for incorrect it decreased also same results were presented in surgical management. The study concluded that there was significant improvement in patients’ knowledge attitude and practice regarding diabetic septic foot care after the education program. So the study recommended that continuing education program for diabetic septic foot patients is very important, learning facilities (books, Journals) about diabetic septic foot care should be available at hospital
Blunt Abdominal Trauma Complicated by Intestinal Perforation: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Issues
Get PDFIntroduction: Intestinal perforation after blunt abdominal trauma is rare but potentially fatal. It can progress quietly to the development of stercoral peritonitis, a serious surgical emergency.Case report: A 31-year-old female patient with no prior history presented with fever and abdominal pain six days after a road traffic accident. CT scan revealed a small bowel perforation with pelvic collection. Resection of the necrotic loop with a double-barrel ileostomy was performed.Discussion: This case report highlights the diagnostic complexity of post-traumatic intestinal injuries and underscores the seriousness of infectious complications associated with delayed management.Conclusion: Careful monitoring after abdominal trauma, combined with early imaging, is essential to prevent progression to diffuse peritonitis