European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Comparative Analysis of Diseases Discovered among Blood Donors: An Experimental Design Study Conducted in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe study made a comparative Analysis of the diseases discovered among donors in the process of blood donation using Greaco-Latin square. This is done to determine whether significant differences exist between the different factors considered in the study such as: age groups, period, hospitals and diseases discovered among blood donors. Analysis of variance using 4x4 Greaco-Latin square experimental design was used to design and analyze the data collected on age groups, period, hospitals and diseases from the design to make comparison using MINITAB software for the analysis of the collected data. Results obtained from the analysis, showed that for the four hypotheses tested for the main effects of the four factors included in the study, it was discovered that the test for the first and third factors i.e. months and hospitals were accepted as the P value obtained is greater than the alpha value while for the other two factors i.e. age groups and diseases, the hypotheses were all rejected as the P value obtained is less than the alpha value at 5% level of significance. It is therefore concluded that effects due to months and hospitals are not significant while effects due to age groups and diseases are significant at 5% level of significance. In the same vein General hospital Zauro has the highest mean values among hospitals while syphilis has the highest mean among the diseases
A Rare Coexistence of Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor and Colonic Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report
Full text linkThe simultaneous occurrence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and adenocarcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract is rare. This case presents a 49-year-old woman with a family history of cancer, who presented with abdominal pain, rectal tenesmus and bleeding. Colonoscopy and imaging revealed a recto-sigmoid tumor. Histopathology confirmed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and an incidental appendectomy revealed a neuroendocrine tumor. She received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, followed by surgery, including an anterior resection and retrograde appendectomy. This case illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of managing dual malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract. The importance of thorough surgical and pathological evaluation is emphasized
Role of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in Osteopenia of Premature Infants
Full text linkBackground: Osteopenia, a condition indicative of reduced bone mineral content, is commonly observed among premature neonates. Early detection is crucial to initiate timely interventions and reduce the risk of long-term skeletal complications. Identifying reliable biochemical markers may enhance prediction and management strategies. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to assess whether serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels can be used to predict osteopenia in premature infants. Patients and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. The study spanned six months, from October 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025. A total of 100 premature infants were enrolled. Osteopenia diagnosis was made by a senior pediatrician based on radiographic findings and supporting investigations. Serum ALP levels were measured twice during hospitalization. Results: Osteopenia was identified in 17% (17/100) of the premature infants. Infants diagnosed with osteopenia had significantly shorter gestational age and lower birth weight compared to those without the condition. Additionally, ALP levels in both the first and second samples were significantly elevated among osteopenic infants. Other associated factors included premature rupture of membranes and low Apgar scores at both one and five minutes after birth. Conclusions: Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels serve as a significant biochemical marker for predicting osteopenia in premature neonates. This marker may aid clinicians in early identification and management of at-risk infants
Medullary Sponge Kidney in a Symptomatic Elderly Female: A Case Report
Full text linkMedullary Sponge Kidney (MSK) disease is a rare renal malformation characterized by cystic dilatation of papillary collecting ducts. Intravenous urography (IVU) is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Here we present a case of MSK in an elderly symptomatic female with distinctive sonographic features. A 55-year-old female suffering from acute bilateral loin pain attended a Nephrology consultation at INMAS. X-Ray KUB showed bilateral small renal calculi, USG KUB scan revealed echogenic medullary pyramids. Multiple, small, cystic lesions were observed bilaterally alongside bright echogenic structures. Based on USG impression- bilateral sponge kidney with parenchymal renal disease, renal cysts and nephrocalcinosis, intravenous urography depicted ectasia of distal collecting ducts filled with contrast material, which is a characteristic finding in this scenario
Parenting Support for Parents in Difficulty: An Operational Model
Full text linkVarious studies have shown that almost all behavioural and learning problems in children are caused by adults creating the conditions for the learning of inappropriate behaviours. This occurs either because they do not know how to deal with the child's problem behaviours, or because they know what to do but are completely unable to implement it.The need to work directly with parents to promote the development of children with atypical development, considering parents as co-therapists, has been summarised by the term “parent training”. But do parents really need to be “trained”, “reprimanded” or “corrected” in the performance of their institutional role? Definitely NOT.Parents do not have a deficiency or a problem that requires specific training. Rather, they are people who need help in the daily task of parenting a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder. An alternative, broader and more inclusive term for Parent Training, which encompasses various interventions aimed at supporting parents in their difficult daily role, is “Parenting Support”
Interaction of Virulence Genes with Resistance Determinants in Pathogens
Full text linkThe emergence of (MDR) pathogens is a global public health crisis, posing significant challenges to effective treatment. Virulence genes and resistance determinants often co-exist in pathogens, influencing their pathogenic potential and survival. This review systematically explores the interaction between virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes, emphasizing their synergistic and antagonistic roles in pathogenicity and treatment outcomes. Using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, we reviewed studies published over the past decade, with a focus on clinically relevant bacterial species. Our findings reveal a complex interplay that enhances bacterial fitness, evades host defenses, and limits therapeutic options. Understanding these interactions is critical for developing effective control strategies and novel therapeutics
Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders in Strawberry Farmers in Bedugul Agrotourism Area
Full text linkMusculoskeletal disorders often occur in workers. One worker in the world dies every 15 seconds due to unintentional work accidents and 2 million cases of Occupational Diseases every year. Occupational health problems in Indonesia show that around 40.5% of work-related illnesses are related to musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders are influenced by work posture, workload, length of service, age and BMI. The aim of this research is to find out factors related to musculoskeletal disorders in strawberry farmers in the Bedugul agrotourism area, Bali. The method used in this research is cross sectional with non-parametric statistical tests, namely bivariate chi square analysis. The research sample was all participants from the strawberry farming group in the Bedugul agrotourism area, Bali, totaling 115 farmers. The research instrument is the Nordic Body Map questionnaire which has been validated and internationally standardized by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Japan as a tool for measuring musculoskeletal disorders, the RULA method as a tool for measuring work posture, an oximeter as a tool for measuring pulse rate during work, digital scales and stadiometers as tools for measuring BMI. The research data were analyzed using non-parametric chi square statistics at an α value of 5%. The conclusion from the research results is that there is a significant relationship between work posture and workload on musculoskeletal disorders, there is a relationship between working years on musculoskeletal disorders and there is no relationship between age and BMI on musculoskeletal disorders
Investigating Novel Etiologies of Skin Cancer. The Correlation Between Nitrosamines in Pharmaceuticals and Photocarcinogenesis: The ROS-Nitric Oxide Interplay/Procarcinogenic Action (During Polymedication Intake) as Skin Cancer Triggering Factor
No full textThe surrounding environment is a risk zone that could disrupt tissue homeostasis or tissue integrity, which could have frequent and fatal consequences for the affected organisms. Nitrosamines, as already known photocarcinogens in medicines, are among the substances that, in one form or another, enter the human body and could trigger a cascade of processes leading to probable mutations and skin cancer development and progression. The elimination of these cutaneous tumors is a serious challenge for dermatologic surgeons. We present a case of a primary defect in the right nasal ala, following basal cell carcinoma excision, successfully reconstructed both functionally and aesthetically using dermatologic surgery procedure.The article comments mainly on the possible pathogenetic role of the systemic medication taken by the patient to date, consisting of amlodipine, valsartan, bisoprolol, timolol, clopidogrel, pantoprazole, rosuvastatin, and latanoprost, in relation to the concepts of phototoxicity and photo carcinogenicity. Nitrosamines, as known contaminants in those drugs, are known to be photolabile and, under the influence of solar radiation, undergo photodecomposition and generate nitric oxide. The last one interacts with ROS and regarding the current scientific knowledge is/ could be associated with the subsequent generation of mutations responsible for skin cancer. Drug related Nitroso-Photo Carcinogenesis seems to be an important part of the skin cancers pathogenesis. For this reason, the intake of polymedication, potentially contaminated with nitrosamines or prone to forming them in an acidic/gastric environment, could be considered as extremely problematic in terms of skin cancer generation. At the same time, it should not be overlooked that many types of severe and risky dermatosurgical procedures performed in our patient, but not only, could be probably avoided entirely, given that the cause of skin cancer could be mediated precisely through the exposure of the human organism to known photo-carcinogens or so-called nitrosamines: pro carcinogenic substances also distributed through medicines
Dermatosurgical Problems: Cerebriform Intradermal Melanocytic Nevus Developing from а Giant Congenital Scalp Nevus
No full textAuthors report a 8-year-old boy who presented to the dermatology department with progressive hair loss and intense itching involving the right temporal region, the right half of the scalp vertex, and the right half of the frontal region. He was born with a giant congenital scalp nevus classified as large (22cm x 28cm), without hypertrichosis or satellite lesions (a-c). After eight years, the lesion demonstrated notable changes, including loss of pigmentation, progressive enlargement alongside intense pruritus and discomfort (d). Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a cerebriform (congenital) intradermal melanocytic nevus. Differential diagnoses included nevus sebaceous, which is known also to undergo malignant transformation.Given the risk of degeneration or malignant transformation into melanoma, surgical excision with consideration of reconstructive approaches - due to the expected large primary defect - was recommended
Adaptive and Time-Sensitive Machine Learning Framework for Precision Therapy in Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infections
No full textNontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) infections pose an increasing medical challenge due to their wide pathogen diversity, prolonged treatment lengths, and resistance to antibiotics. This research developed an innovative, adaptable artificial intelligence learning platform designed to customize NTM therapy method through the immediate collection of patient-specific ongoing data, including microbiological profiles, pharmacokinetic parameters, radiographic assessments, and responses to clinical treatment. This design employed recurrent neural networks to model temporal disease progression (with 79.1% sensitivity and 83.4% specificity for treatment failure prediction), Bayesian change-point analysis to identify critical shifts in patient status (with 85.6% sensitivity and 74.3% specificity for detecting clinical transitions such as emerging resistance or toxicity), and reinforcement learning algorithms to generate tailored therapeutic recommendations through outcome simulation. The study is an indication that there is an increase in the elimination of microbial infections resulting in a reduction of resistance emergence when this model is used, thereby surpassing conventional treatment strategies. These results indicate that using an adaptive machine learning framework for treatment could significantly improve clinical outcomes in NTM infection management. Prospective validation will be essential for the translation of these machine learning-powered precision therapy models from the research setting to the clinical environment to thoroughly evaluate their safety, clinical benefits, and the extent to which they can be used for treatment response