Asian Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION OF MALACHITE GREEN AND METHYL RED DECOLORISING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM EFFLUENT CONTAMINATED SOIL
No full textKlebsiella pneumoniae KP 13, able to decolourise Methyl red and Malachite green was isolated and characterised from laboratory effluent contaminated soil from Hislop College, India. The strain identification was carried out by 16S r DNA method. This isolate was capable of utilizing Methyl red and Malachite green as sole source of carbon. The medium contained 200 mg/L of di- ammonium hydrogen phosphate and 1000 mg/L yeast extract in tap water. Dye degradation was carried out under optimum conditions of pH (7) and temperature (37°C) with vigorous shaking. Klebsiella pneumoniae KP 13 culture could be decolorising in Malachite green and Methyl red to the extent of 85% and 93% respectively in 24 hours. The decolourised samples of Methyl red showed the presence of nitrites which indicates that the mode of biodegradation is aerobic and toxic aromatic amines are thus not being formed in anaerobic biodegradation. Thus, the strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae KP 13 can be applied for aerobic degradation of recalcitrant azo and triphenylmethane dyes
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT BARK USED AS NATURAL CHEWING STICK AGAINST MOUTH FLORA AND LABORATORY BACTERIA
No full textAntimicrobial activity denotes the inhibition activity or killing activity of chemical or extracts component against living organisms. Plants have the variety of these kinds of components which can be utilized to inhibit the pathogenic activity of some pathogens in our routine life. Here we took three plants (Neem, Babool and Miswak) bark which are used as chewing sticks, to make three different (Acetone, Methanol and Aqueous) extracts. By well diffusion method, these all extracts were checked against extracted mouth flora and common laboratory bacteria (E. coli, S. typhi, B. subtilis, P. vulgeris and Micrococcus). Phytochemical study of these bark juices were also done. Our data shows that the acetone extract of Babool is most effective among all other extract we tested
BACTERIOCINS AND ITS APPLICATIONS: AN OVERVIEW
No full textBacteriocins have been effective against various diseases and are used as an alternative to traditional antibiotics which in turn can solve a major problem of drug resistance. This review discusses bacteriocins and its applications in disease treatment and as an alternative to antibiotics. They have been classified as per their mode of action into class I, II, III and class IV of which class IV has been excluded from the classification. Nisin is the commercially available bacteriocin in the market, which has been widely used; therefore, its action and application have been elaborated here. Bacteriocins are beneficial to the host since they are naturally added to the foods. A special emphasis has been focused on its potential as an anti-tumour drug candidate due to their low oral toxicity. We have also discussed the other properties of bacteriocins such as biopreservative, as a carrier molecule, its application in packaging, bioengineering etc
PATTERN OF RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTION OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES IN Staphylococcus aureus ISOLATES IN THREE TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA
No full textA study to investigate the pattern of resistance and production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Staphylococcus aureus isolates in three tertiary health institutions in Nigeria was reported. S. aureus is one of the most implicated human pathogens and has over the years been reported to be associated with several infections. The increasing resistance pattern of S. aureus to commonly used antibiotics and Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases producing clinical strains of S. aureus were assessed by the Kirby-Bauer technique and the modified disc diffusion technique respectively. Seventy (70) positive cultures of S. aureus from Hospitalized patients in three Tertiary Health Institutions in Nigeria namely: National Orthopaedic Hospital, Lagos; University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin and, University College Hospital, Ibadan, were obtained from wounds and High Vaginal Swabs. The decline susceptibility patterns in S. aureus revealed in this study has always not been given a very serious attention. This contributes to a high prevalence of resistance among the clinical isolates and, thus, may be responsible for increased virulence and successful in-vivo survival especially in developing countries where there is extensive application and misuse of antibiotics. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid-mediated enzymes responsible for the development of antibiotics resistance. Thirteen (18.57%) ESBLs producer observed in this study correlates with recently reported cases of high incidence of S. aureus super bug
BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL UROPATHOGENS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS: CASE STUDY OF TWO HOSPITALS IN DOUALA
No full textBackground: Diabetic patients are more prone to develop urinary tract infections (UTI), than non-diabetic patients. These infections are responsible for considerable morbidity, particularly if they are unrecognised or untreated. The successful management of UTI in diabetic patients depends on the proper identification of the pathogens responsible and the selection of efficient antibiotics/antifungals against them.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Endocrinology/Diabetic units of the General Hospital and the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala (Cameroon). Midstream urine samples were collected from the patients and analysed macroscopically and microscopically. Samples containing up to five leukocytes/mm3 were inoculated onto culture media for bacterial isolation and microbial load. Bacteriuria counts ≥10/mL was considered significant. Biochemical identification and susceptibility testing to antibiotics were carried out in positive cultures, using the VitekTM 2automated system. The susceptibility testing to antifungals was done by the disc diffusion method. Urine dipstick analysis was done using CombiScreenTM 11SYS PLUS.
Results: Three hundred and fifteen patients comprising of 192 (60.95%) females, were enrolled. The overall UTI frequency was 20%, with rates of symptomatic bacteriuria and asymptomatic bacteriuria being 6.37% and 13.63% respectively. A total of 75 uropathogens were isolated, 3fungi (4%) and 72 bacteria (96%) strains. The most isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (45.33%). Gram-positive cocci included Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase negative Staphylococci were also found. The only fungus isolated was Candida albicans.
The susceptibility rate for Gram-negative bacilli was 100% for Imipenem, 93.30% for Amikacin, and Piperacillin+Tazobactam. The lowest rates were observed for Amoxicillin and Cotrimoxazole. Gram-positive cocci were 100% susceptible to Moxifloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Quinupristin/ Dalfopristin, Linezolid, Tetracycline, Tigecycline, and Rifampicin. The susceptibility rate for Vancomycin and Oxacillin were 66.70% and 55.50% respectively. All the isolated strains of C. albicans were susceptible to Econazole, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole and Flucytosine; and all were resistant to Nystatine.
Conclusion: Many uropathogens were isolated from diabetic patients, and low susceptibilities to "first-line" drugs were observed. Dipstick urinalysis has a great contribution in urine culture examination
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: GENE AND GENOME ANALYSIS
No full textThe prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) continues to be high, and it is a major threat in global public health. Mycobacterium family has over 60 species, however, only Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium Africanum and Mycobacterium avium are pathogenic to humans. Although other animals can also get infected, humans are the only known host for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Once the immune system is compromised, the microorganism can cause infection or can be reactivated if previously infected with the bacteria. The availability of complete genome sequencing of both laboratory and virulent strain of M. tuberculosis has provided researchers a wealth of new knowledge and greater understanding about this microorganism. This article summarizes the nature of these infectious bacteria at a molecular level, taking into account the recent advancements in sequencing and drug resistance
SEROPREVALENCE OF SYPHILIS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN RECEIVING ANTENATAL CARE AT MEDICAL CENTRE, MARARABA, NASARAWA STATE
No full textThis study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of syphilis among pregnant women receiving antenatal care (ANC) at the Medical Centre, Mararaba, Nasarawa State. Three hundred (300) pregnant women were recruited for this cross-sectional descriptive study carried out from June to July, 2017. 2ml of blood sample was collected via venipuncture, transferred into EDTA bottles and centrifuged at 1,500rpm for 5 minutes. The screening for syphilis was carried out using qualitative Rapid test kits. The prevalence rate of 4.3% at 0.05 confidence limit was obtained from this study. The prevalence of 2% was recorded among pregnant women within the age range of 22-29. There was no significant relationship between syphilis infection and age (P = 0.432).The infection was more prevalent among pregnant women in their second trimester with the prevalence rate of 2.3%. There was no significant relationship between syphilis infection and trimester (P = 0.432). 1% prevalence was recorded among pregnant women who had a history of blood transfusion. There was no significant relationship between syphilis infection and history of blood transfusion (P = 0.432). The prevalence rate recorded in this study was high when compared to the national prevalence of 0.7% reported in 2014. Maternal syphilis puts the foetus at risk of congenital syphilis, therefore routine screening for syphilis in antenatal clinics should be encouraged to prevent mother to child transmission of syphilis
PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING ACTIVITY OF Rhizobium sp. ISOLATED FROM Vigna mungo GROWN IN SEMI-ARID REGION
No full textRhizobium sp. was isolated from Vigna mungo RBU 38 grown in a semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India. The isolated Rhizobium sp. produced the phytohormone, IAA, ammonia and has the ability for phosphate solubilization. It can be used as biofertilizer for future application in agriculture for increased crop yield
PRODUCTION OF PROBIOTICATED DRINKS OF HEALTHY VEGETABLE JUICES (TOMATO & SPINACH) USING Lactobacillus acidophilus AND Saccharomyces boulardii AND ITS microencapsulation
No full textThis study is investigated for probiotication of tomato and spinach juices using Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus acidophilus was added to dairy formulations and yoghurts both for its flavour and also for probiotic effect and one of the most commonly used Lactobacillus species for dietary use. Probiotics have many well- established health benefits, including the ability to balance the gut, improve digestion and alleviate the uncomfortable side- effects of harsh antibiotics. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces boulardii isolated on the MRS agar plates and Yeast peptone dextrose agar media (YPD). The viability of probiotics used before and after encapsulation was approximately 11.4- 11.6 CFU/ml or g of beads, which had an average diameter of 1.5-1.8 mm. The viability of free cells and encapsulated cells examined periodically after 1 day storage at 4ºC. High reductions of viable counts were found in free cells (1.6-5.2 logs) in both vegetable juices, which significantly higher than encapsulated cells (0.8-2.7 logs). Dairy-based matrix used to produce a range of probiotic foods. There is great potential to deliver bacteria using non-dairy-based food matrices and to develop new innovative probiotic products
BIOSAFETY, BIOREGULATION, AND BIOETHICS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY- A MULTIFACETED REVIEW
No full textBiosafety and bioethical regulations are of utmost importance in the field of modern biotechnology, especially when the laboratory and safety issues are concerned. With the advent of new biotechnological products, we can now produce wonders as all these products speak volumes for themselves. However, underneath all these novelties there lie the potential biohazards. Therefore, to have these prodigious tools of modern biotechnology in our repertoire we must strongly focus on a sound ambiance of biosafety, bioethical environment that might protrude us to have the optimal implications of biotechnology as a whole. Moreover, we would achieve proper commercialization of these modern products if we could be able to regulate their potential to harm the community and what we call the bioregulation