Asian Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENINGON SOME SUDANESE MEDICINAL PLANTS ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS AGAINST SELECTED HUMAN PATHOGENS
No full textThe present study was designed to investigate antimicrobial activity of ten Sudanese medicine plant. The ethanolic plant extracts were seasoned against medically important bacteria viz. Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli., Pseudomonas sp., and fungi. Candida sp., using cup-plate agar diffusion method. The qualitative phytochemical analyses of ten plant ethanolic extracts were determined.Ethanolic extract showed highest activities against bacteria and fungi. The results of phytochemical screening showed that all extracts of studied plant contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones. This study give rise to antimicrobial properties of studied plant, and showed interesting correlation with the phytochemical constituents and biological activities
VARIATION IN ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENCY OF TEA AND COFFEE EXTRACTS
No full textAntimicrobial property of tea and coffee is well known. Green tea is known for its therapeutic properties. In this study antibacterial activity of green tea, black tea and coffee extracts were evaluated against isolated bacterial species from healthy human saliva, which after identification was found to be Streptococcus sp. Antioxidant and antimicrobial property of green, black tea and coffee can be exploit as an alternative of therapeutic drugs, as many of the microbial species had discovered the escape mechanism against them
MEDIA COMPOSITION AFFECTS THE FATTY ACIDS PROFILES OF THREE OLEAGINOUS MICROALGAE FROM THE PERUVIAN AMAZON
No full textThe objective of this research was to determine the effect of four culture media on the fatty acids profile of the microalgae Ankistrodesmus sp., Chlorella sp., and Scenedesmus sp. isolated from the Peruvian Amazon. The microalgae species were growth by triplicate in Beijerinck\u27s medium (BM), Blue Green medium (BG-11), Bold Basal medium (BBM), and CHU-10 medium. Growth was monitored by spectrophotometric analysis at 680 nm. Biomass productivity, biochemical analyzes, and fatty acids profiling were performed using standard methods. The highest growth was obtained with BM, BBM, and CHU-10 medium for the three microalgae species and the biomass productivity was highest (> 0.23 mg.L-1.d-1) in CHU-10 medium. The highest total lipid content was reported with Ankistrodesmus sp. (13.77 - 21.58%). Carbohydrate content varied between 8.46 and 50.17%, with the highest percentage when the microalgae were cultured in BG-11 (27.26 – 37.80%) and CHU-10 media (30.72 – 50.17%). Also, the highest protein content was found in the three microalgae species cultured in BM medium (24.89 - 30.44%). The fatty acids profiles showed differences at the intra-species and inter-species levels. In conclusion, the three microalgae showed differences in their growth profile, biomass productivity, biochemical composition (carbohydrates, total lipids, and proteins contents), and fatty acids profiles. Likewise, these growth and biochemical parameters are markedly affected by the media composition. Additionally, the fatty acids profiles of the three microalgae reveals that are a good feedstocks for biodiesel production
SCREENING OF ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF SOIL ISOLATES AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
No full textBackground: Present study aims to screen some bacterial strains isolated from soil samples of different places in India for their antagonistic activity against certain phytopathogenic fungi. Five strains of phytopathogenic fungi were used in the investigation viz. Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, Aspergillus niger, Mucor indicus and Sclerotinia sp. A total of forty strains were isolated from different soil samples, out of which four strains namely BV-1, BV-2, BV-3 and BV-4 successfully showed antagonistic activity against phytopathogens.
Results: Strains BV-1, BV-2 and BV-3 showed the gram positive whereas BV-4 showed gram negative reaction. All strains showed good growth at pH 4 while only BV-1 and BV-2 showed no growth at pH 2. Strain BV-4 was found to be maximum tolerant whereas strain BV-2 was least tolerant towards antibiotics attempted in the investigation. All strains were able to utilize calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium sulphate. All of four strains did not show any inhibition of Alternaria solani and Mucor indicus. Strain BV-1 showed maximum antagonism against Aspergillus niger (40% inhibition) and Sclerotinia sp (75% inhibition). Strain BV-2 exhibited 72% inhibition of Aspergillus niger and 82% inhibition of Sclerotinia sp. Strain BV-3 showed its antagonism only against Fusarium oxysporum (37% inhibition).
Conclusions: Four isolated bacterial strains BV-1, BV-2, BV-3 and BV-4 can be applied widely as a broad spectrum biological fungicide due to their property to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi used in the current investigation
In-vitro PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Newbouldia laevis (BOUNDARY TREE) ON Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
No full textDifferent extracts of leaves and roots of Newbouldia laevis were screened for their phytochemical and in-vitro antibacterial properties on clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The well-in-agar diffusion technique was used to assay for the antibacterial properties and the results showed that the cold water, hot water, cold ethanol and soxhlet extracts of both parts of the plant at 200 mg/ml concentration inhibited the growth of all test organisms. The soxhlet extract had a more significant inhibition on E. coli. Also, the soxhlet extracts had the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranging 25 – 30 mg/ml while the cold water extracts had the highest MIC ranging 80 – 115 mg/ml. The phytochemical components obtained from the leaf extracts are phenols and glycosides while the root extracts contained phenols, glycoside and tannins. Some of these active components may have elicited the antibacterial activity
ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND MICROBIAL STABILITY OF WATER-BASED PAINTS
No full textJustification and Aim of Study: Biodeterioration of emulsion paints is a negative outcome of microbial metabolic process with serious economic and health implications. Therefore it is justifiable to examine the physico-chemical parameters and microbial stability of emulsion paints with the view to improving the durability of the products, hence this study.
Methodology: Four paint samples of different make were obtained from retail paint shops and analyzed for the presence of microbial contaminants using standard microbiological techniques. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, viscosity and specific gravity were also evaluated. Pure cultures of the isolates were identified and characterized using conventional cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics, and the API 20 NE and 1D 32E test systems.
Results: The results showed that all the samples were contaminated with bacteria and moulds. There were variations in the result of physico-chemical parameters studied such as reduction in the values of PH and viscosity, with increase in the number of acid producing strains of microbial contaminants. Some of the microorganisms isolated and their frequency of occurrence were Aspergillus niger (10.87%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.70%), Alternaria alternate (2.17%), Penicillium citrinum (6.52%), Mucor rouxii (6.52%), Rhizopus arrhinus (6.52%)), Flavobacterium breve (4.35%), Bacillus polymyxa (4.35), Lactobacillus gasseri (4.35%), Alcaligenes eutrophus (4.35%) and Alternaria alternate (2.17%). There was significant difference (P = 0.05) between the number of fungi and bacteria isolated from the paint samples.
Conclusion: The presence of these organisms in water-based paint suggests that emulsion paint offers favourable conditions for microbial growth and are therefore very susceptible to biodeterioration.
Recommendation: Unfavorable conditions for microbial growth such as reduced moisture level, use of more potent biocides and other antimicrobial preservatives should be adopted to enhance microbial stability and prolong the shelf life of emulsion paints
SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs) FROM BARK AND ROOT OF AFRICAN MAHOGANY (Khaya senegalensis) AND THE COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES
No full textStem bark and root of Khaya senegalensis were extracted with ethyl acetate and n-Hexane and extracts screened for metabolites, antibacterial activity. There were also used to reduce AgNO3 to synthesize AgNPs and their antibacterial effects studied. A number of metabolite example flavonoids, steroids, tannins etc were discovered. The stem bark extract show higher activities on all the four bacterial isolates compared to the root extract: on K. pneumoniae (28.1±0.42), B. subtilis (20.1±1.21).while the root extract show lower activity on the test organisms at 26.3± 0.12 on K. pneumoniae and 22.1±0.20 on S. epidermidis. The activities of the nanoparticles are higher than those of the crude extracts and standard antibiotics used as control. The zones of inhibition around the bacterial colonies by the particles are far wider around each organism challenged. AgNPs bark extract on B. subtilis produced 31.2±0.11zone of inhibition of 24. 24.3±1.21 and 28.2±2.12 by Streptomycin and Tetracyclines. Strikingly, both the ethyl acetate and n-Hexane bark extracts of the plant demonstrated higher activities on the test isolates compared to the root extracts but the nanoparticles of the root had more activity compared to the stem bark. The activity of the metabolites in the root may have been enhanced when they were carried by the nanoparticles. The potency of Khaya senegalensis on microbial pathogens may be broadened when processed into its nanoparticles
DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS USING QUANTI FERON-TB GOLD
No full textTuberculosis is a fatal disease which cannot be detect easily and rapidly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of QuantiFERON –TB Gold Tube method in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The QuantiFERON-TB Gold test detects Cell Mediated Immune (CMI) response at in vitro condition, to tuberculosis infection by measuring. In this study the total 520 people of different age group were enrolled as a suspect of TB infected patient near the area region of Bahadur Yadav Memorial Mahavidyalaya, Bhatni (U.P.). Only 204 patient including male and female was found as positive according to their clinical symptoms and with the help of QuantiFERON -TB gold assay, and further confirmation was done by IFN-γ assay. IFN-γ was harvested in plasma from whole blood incubated with TB-specific antigen. This assay resulted that out of 520, 204 (39.23%) samples were detected to be positive, 247 (47.5%) samples were negative while 69 (13.26%) samples were found to be indeterminate. Out of 69 indeterminate results, 55 (79.71%) were due to low mitogen response. Individuals who have been vaccinated by BCG earlier and develop TB infection are detected as positives by QuantiFERON -TB Gold Assay
AMINOGLYCOSIDE AND BETA–LACTAM RESISTANCE PATTERN AMONG GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI (GNB) ISOLATED FROM EGYPTIAN HOSPITALS BETWEEN 2012-2014
No full textAims: Antibiotic resistance is a problem of deep scientific concern both in hospital and community settings. The present study aims to monitor the prevalence of aminoglycoside and beta-lactam antibiotics resistance of Cairo, Egypt.
Methodology and Results: A total of 210 bacterial strains were isolated from urine, wound, sputum, endotracheal tube (ETT), pus and blood, which recovered from three hospitals and Central health laboratories during four periods between May 2012 to March 2014. All the isolates were Gram negative bacilli (GNB), the most prevalent pathogen were E. coli, 88 isolates (41.90%) including E. coli–ESBL, 11 (5.23%), Klebsiella spp., 57 isolates (27.14%) including Klebsiella spp.–ESBL, 4 (1.90%), Pseudomonas spp. (17.61%), Acinetobacter spp. (8.09%), Proteus spp. (2.85%), Enterobacter spp. (1.42%) and (0.47%) for both of Citrobacter spp. and Morganella spp. The most efficient penicillin (Beta-lactam) antibiotic was Imipenem (IPM) and the most efficient cephalosporin (Beta-lactam) antibiotic was the combination between cefoperazone/sulbactam (CES), while the most efficient aminoglycoside antibiotic was Amikin (AK). The most resistant bacterial isolated strains E. coli MAM-24 and Klebsiella spp. MAM-16 were resistant to nearly all the tested antibiotics were exposed to gamma radiation to get rid of them. Gamma radiation reduced the viable count of the two resistant strains gradually. Klebsiella spp. MAM-16 strain was more resistant to gamma radiation while E. coli MAM-24 was more sensitive
PRODUCTION OF ALPHA AMYLASE FROM Bacillus brevis ISOLATED FROM DECAYED PLANTAIN PEEL
No full textThe study produced α-amylase from a bacterium isolated from decayed plantain peel with a view to obtaining a microorganism candidate for the production of the enzyme for industrial uses. The unripe plantains were purchased and allowed to decay, serially diluted and plated on agar plate. Isolates from the plates were screened for amylase activity using starch agar. The bacterium with the highest amylase activity was selected for enzyme production. Optimal conditions for enzyme production by the bacterium were determined. Five strains of Bacillus sp. were isolated from the decayed plantain peel. They were identified as Bacillus sp. The organism with highest amylolytic activity was further identified molecularly as Bacillus brevis RD8. The peak of amylase activity was at 32h of incubation (174 Units/ml). The optimum pH and temperature for the production of Bacillus brevis RD8 α-amylase is 7 and 35°C respectively. The result revealed that 1.5% plantain peel composition of the enzyme production medium produced the highest enzyme activity of 103.2 ± 1.3 Units/ml. Peptone as a nitrogen source gave a better enzyme activity of 185.5 ± 3.2 Units/ml. Soluble starch as a carbon source gave the highest activity of 164.5 ± 4.0 Units/ml. The study concluded that α-amylase synthesized by Bacillus brevis RD8 is moderately thermostable and able to degrade many cheap raw starches and can therefore find applications in the food industry