Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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Prevalence of Bovine Subclinical Mastitis and Antibiogram Pattern of Isolated Organisms from Mastitic Milk in Chattagram, Bangladesh
Full text linkObjective: This research investigated the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy cows within the Chattogram, Bangladesh, focusing on its effects on milk production and quality, as well as the antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli).
Materials and Methods: Fifty lactating cows from five dairy farms were studied over eight months (January to August 2018). Milk samples were collected aseptically and screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) to identify SCM. Bacterial cultures were conducted to isolate Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli, and their antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion method. Farm management data were collected via structured questionnaires.
Results: The SCM prevalence was 50%, with Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli each found in 32% of cases. Staphylococcus spp. showed 100% resistance to amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and azithromycin, while E. coli demonstrated similar resistance patterns. Gentamycin was more effective, with only 25% resistance against Staphylococcus spp. Key factors influencing infection included farm size, housing system, lactation stage, and udder cleanliness. Farms with poor hygiene practices, such as infrequent floor cleaning without disinfectant, had higher infection rates.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the necessity for routine SCM screening and improved farm hygiene practices. Combating antibiotic resistance demands careful antibiotic use guided by sensitivity testing. Effective management requires regular monitoring, hygiene enhancements, and strategic treatments to protect dairy production
Improving the Growth of Thyme Plants (Thymus vulgaris L.) by Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization
Full text linkAn academic field experiment was conducted in Jibul village, located in Jableh countryside-Syria, during the agricultural season of 2022/2023. The objective of this study was to assess the role of different levels of Nitrogen fertilizer (urea 46%) at rates of 0, 75, and 150 kg.ha-1, as well as potassium sulfate fertilizer at rates of 0 and 100 kg.ha-1,in various growth characteristics of common thyme. The experiment also aimed to analyze the potential interaction effects between these factors. The experiment was conducted following a factorial design, employing a completely randomized block design with three replications. To compare the means, the least significant difference test (L.S.D.) was employed at a 5% significance level.
The results indicated that nitrogen fertilization had a significant impact on all the traits under investigation. Among the different rates tested, the application of 150 kg. ha-1 resulted in the highest plants (28.62 cm), the highest number of branches per plant (14.05 branches), as well as the greatest fresh weight (45.10 g) and dry weight of the plant (11.55 g).
Furthermore, the results also demonstrated a significant effect of potassium sulfate fertilization on most of the traits examined. Specifically, the addition of 100 kg. ha-1 led to a significant increase in plant height (23.45 cm), the number of branches per plant (11.98 branches), the fresh weight (34.55 g), and the dry weight.
The thyme plant responded significantly to the interaction between experimental factors. Specifically, the combination of 150 kg. ha-1 of urea and 100 kg. ha-1 of potassium sulfate demonstrated the highest rates in all the traits investigated, establishing a strong interaction between the two fertilizers
A Comparative Study of Various Medicinal Plants against Prostephanus truncatus on Zea mays var. Azad kamal
Full text linkPlants help in the sustenance of life on earth. However some pests like Prostephanus truncatus are harmful for crops as their larvae feed on the beans of the plants. These pests affect the quantity and quality of the plants and their products. Chemical pesticides are an option to deal with the pests but chemical pesticides harm the environment. They develop pest resistance and kill the non-targeted organisms too. So it’s the need of the hour to save plants by using alternate ways, which are environment friendly and are as effective as the chemical pesticide.
The present study has used the extracts from the following medicinal plants i.e Nigella sativa (Kalonji), Piper nigrum (Pepper), Illicium verum (Star anise), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric). The extracts from these plants were used for 4 times at an interval of 7 days to check the efficacy of these plants against Prostephanus truncatus on Azad Kamal, a variety of Zea mays. During the observation of results it was seen that Piper nigrum was most effective with 99% mortality after 4 treatments; followed by Illicium verum, Nigella sativa, Curcuma longa and Trigonella foenum-graecum with mortality rate of 97%, 92.3%, 87.5% and 76.3% respectively. Percent infestation reduced drastically when mixed extract of plants were used
Improving the Growth of Tobacco Plants (Prilep) Treated with Sodium Azide (NaN3) under Artificial Drought Stress Conditions PEG
Full text linkThe research was conducted during the year 2023. The seeds were treated with three concentrations of the mutagen (1, 3 and 5%) and with a soaking time of (6) hours. In addition, to stimulate drought stress, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used at concentrations (15, 30, and 45%). The experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete design (R.C.D.) in the village of Al-Jankeel, Latakia, Syria. Three replicates for each treatment were measured. Some germination indicators of treated seeds (germination percentage (%)), phenotypic indicators of plants (plant height (cm/plant)), phenotypic indicators (total leaf surface area (cm2), net photosynthesis rate (mg/cm2)/day) and specific gravity for leaves (g/cm2). Treatment with the chemical mutagen NAN3, especially at low concentration, increased the germination rate, plant height, total leaf surface area, net photosynthesis rate, and leaf specific gravity. Treating chemical mutagens under conditions of drought stress at low concentrations improved the values of the studied indicators compared to other treatments. The high concentration of drought led to negative effects on all indicators studied. Therefore, we recommend soaking the seeds with the chemical mutagen NAN3, due to its role in improving the germination and morphological characteristics of the Prilep tobacco variety
Optimizing Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Nickel (II) Ions with Azo Derivatives: Analytical Applications and Insights
Full text linkA liquid-liquid extraction study was conducted to investigate the extraction of nickel (II) ions using the chelating agent 2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)azo]-4,5-diphenylimidazole (2,6-DMPADPI). The study explored various factors influencing the extraction percentage and extraction coefficient, including equilibrium time, metal concentration, acidic medium, types of solvents, batch extraction methods, leaching processes, and the effects of positive and negative ions. The optimal conditions for extraction were determined to be an acidity index of 9, an extraction time of 10 minutes, and a temperature of 298 K. Thermodynamic functions (∆G, ∆H, ∆S) were calculated, demonstrating that the extraction reaction is exothermic, spontaneous, and accompanied by an increase in randomness. Additionally, UV-Visible and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies were performed on the chelating agent to characterize its properties. The study also examined some physical properties of the resulting complex and assessed its specific conductivity. These findings contribute valuable insights into the efficient extraction of nickel (II) ions using 2,6-DMPADPI
3D Virtual Modeling for Hajj and Umrah: Optimizing Traffic and Pilgrim Management
Full text linkA 3D simulation model has been developed to enhance crowd management and safety during the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. Utilizing an IoT-based framework and advanced micro-simulation techniques, the model provides real-time predictions and diagnostics to manage pedestrian and vehicular traffic effectively. The study compares the performance of GPU and CPU solutions, demonstrating that GPU-based parallel processing significantly improves simulation efficiency. The findings suggest that this approach could play a crucial role in preventing overcrowding and ensuring the smooth flow of pilgrims, thereby reducing the risk of stampedes and other safety hazard. Clearly the objective of this research is to create the best 3 model for crowd control and the proposition has been made thereof
Phylogenetic Analysis of Fibroin Proteins from Some Spiders Species: Exploration of Species Relationships
Full text linkSilk are structural proteins produced by arthropods. Silk contains two proteins, fibroin and sericin, which promote wound healing. A study analyzed the relationship of fibroin proteins between some insect species, providing crucial knowledge in nanotechnology, material science, and biotechnology. The findings can guide scientists and engineers in exploring potential applications of fibroin proteins in various fields, such as biomedical engineering and biodegradable plastics. This research opens doors for innovative advancements in biotechnology, benefiting society as a whole
Navigating Cross-Border Insolvency: Legal Frameworks, Challenges and Future Directions in a Globalized Economy
Full text linkThis study delves into the complexities of cross-border insolvency, addressing challenges in a globalized economy. Beginning with a historical overview, it analyzes legal instruments like the UNCITRAL Model Law and EU Regulation. Jurisdictional conflicts, recognition of foreign proceedings, and coordination across legal systems are examined, utilizing case studies for practical insights. The roles of international organizations, particularly UNICTRAL and the World Bank, are evaluated in light of recent developments. The paper concludes by identifying areas for improvement, highlighting emerging trends, and issuing a call to action for further research and collaboration. This thorough analysis offers valuable perspectives for legal practitioners, policymakers, and scholars navigating the intricate landscape of cross-border insolvency
Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Bronze (G-CUSN10) by Coating It with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Electrochemical Deposition Technology
Full text linkThis research aims to deposit a coating layer of Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene oxide on a substrate of bronze metal (G-CUSN10), which is one of the most widely used bronze alloys in the manufacture of centrifugal water pump impellers.
The deposition process was carried out using electrophoretic deposition technique by applying a constant voltage of 10 volts for 15 minutes. The carrier medium was distilled water, 0.03% Graphene oxide, and the same percentage of reduced Graphene oxide manufactured using the modified Hummer's method.
The coating layer was verified using different techniques: (scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction device, and Raman spectrometer), These tests confirmed that the coating layer conforms to the reference properties of Graphene oxide.
Then the corrosion of a sample coated with Graphene oxide, another coated with reduced Graphene oxide, and another without covering, was studied using a Tafel device in an aqueous solution containing 3.5% sodium hypochloride at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, where the corrosion voltage value for the open circuit of the bare sample was (-291 mv). The value of the corrosion current was (12.552 μA/cm2), and the voltage for the sample covered with Graphene oxide was (-250 mv) and the corrosion current was (1.990μA/cm2). As for the sample covered with reduced Graphene oxide, the voltage was( -210 mv) and the corrosion current was
(0.125 μA. /cm2).
From these values it is clear that Graphene oxide has significantly reduced the corrosion current, which reduced the corrosion rate by (84.1%). The same is true for the sample covered with reduced Graphene oxide, which reduced corrosion by (99%).
This research showed the importance of covering with Graphene oxide in increasing the corrosion resistance of bronze (CUSN10) in a medium containing sodium hypochloride used in sterilizing drinking water. This increase in corrosion resistance will increase the life of the impellers used in drinking water pumps, which maintains their work efficiency
Insights into the Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Oidium neolycopersici: A Study from Syria
Full text linkPowdery mildew poses a global challenge to tomato greenhouse production. In Syria, identification and characterization of the specific fungal species responsible for this disease remain relatively limited. The present study aimed to identify four local isolates of O. neolycopersici (M8, M10, G12, and R12). The morphological features of the four isolates were similar to those of O. neolycopersici based on symptoms, light, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region confirmed that the four Syrian isolates belong to O. neolycopersici and presented 99–100% sequence similarity with the many other isolates registered in GenBank on tomatoes. Nucleotide sequences and translated nucleotides into amino acids for isolates M8 and M10 were found to be 100% identical, as were isolates G12 and R12. The two groups of isolates differed in only one nucleotide position within the ITS region and in six amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Syrian isolates could be classified into the same cluster group as the Netherlands O. neolycopersici isolate (VPRI20724). To our knowledge, this is the first well-founded report on the protected tomato powdery mildew, O. neolycopersici, in Syria