Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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FASCIOLA LARVAE: ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT Potentilla fulgens AGAINST SPOROCYST, REDIA AND CERCARIA
Full text linkFascioliosis caused by trematode Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica with complex life cycle, and primarily affect in both livestock and human. This disease occurs on all inhabited continents. Humans become infected after ingestion of contaminated food mostly aquatic wild vegetables or water. The life cycle of Fasciola can be interrupted by killing the vector snail or larva (sporocyst, redia and cercaria) in their habitats. In vitro toxicity of dried root powder of Potentilla fulgens, different organic extract and column purified fraction was performed in the Petridis. Infected snail Lymnaea acuminata was dissected in a glass Petridis which containing 10 ml of dechlorinated water at 23oC-25oC. These larvae were kept in dechlorinated tap water where they survive up to 48 h in laboratory condition. Mortality of sporocyst, redia and cercaria were observed after 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h of treatment. Counting of a larva was done with help of microscope. Per cent mortality of larvae at each concentration for 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h were used for determination of LC50. In in vitro treatment of different organic extract and column purified fraction of P. fulgens was used. Highest toxicity was observed against sporocyst, redia and cercaria after treatment of column purified fraction (2 h LC50 was 62.42, 59.25 and 45.11 mg/L, respectively). After 8 h LC50 of column purified fraction against sporocyst, redia and cercaria were observed 54.20, 49.37 and 38.13 mg/L, respectively. The present study conclusively shows that medicinal plant P. fulgens have anthelmintic (sporocyst, redia and cercaria) larvicides activities against F. gigantica. It can use in in vivo treatment of infected host snails of Fasciola larvae within the body, which may be useful for control of fascioliasis without killing host snails
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA: A DRIVING FORCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Full text linkQuality assurance is a holistic approach covering all the processes in tertiary institution in order to serve the students and other stakeholders in expected quality standards. The success of quality assurance system depends on the support of the management. This paper examines the current academic and policy literatures surrounding quality assurance in tertiary education. Within the content is a superficial look at strategies for quality assurance in tertiary institutions. Among these are: quality assurance in education, modification of the curriculum, assessment, strategic planning, accreditation to tertiary institution and her programmes, human resource availability, information and communication technology adoption and effective supervision. The development of any nation depends on the quality of its education therefore; conscious effort should be made to ensure quality at every level. This paper look at education as a very significant tool for sustainable development. Through tertiary institution, one is prepared to adapt to social, political, technological and economic challenges. Quality assurance is the way to ensure that students acquire the needed skill and talent in order to face the list challenges of life
GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM MANGROVE PLANT Rhizophora stylosa
Full text linkThe green synthesis of nano-sized particles with specific functions is of great significance in the present bionanotechnology. In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from the aqueous leaf extract of Rhizophora stylosa, mangrove plant from southern India, and its activity against some bacterial pathogens are reported for the first time. A green procedure for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the mangrove extract as reducing agent was used. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were investigated using UV–visible spectrophotometry, Scanning electron microscope, Transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Selected area electron diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 422 nm confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The results from the X-ray diffraction analysis approved the formation of crystalline silver nanoparticles with crystallinity percentage of 85.87. As shown by Transmission electron microscope evaluation, silver nanoparticles had the same spherical morphology. The size of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was between 1 and 75 nm with average size of 38.62 nm. Scanning electron microscope images identified silver nanoparticles ranging in size from 18 to 42 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis distinguished different functional groups such as aromatic loops, alcohol, phenol group, alkanes and alkyl halides in the biosynthesis process. Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of mangrove R. stylosa appears rapid, reliable, nontoxic, and eco-friendly
EXPERIMENTAL INJECTION OF α-INTERFERON (CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY DERIVED) RECOMBINANT PROTEIN TO RED-CLAW CRAYFISH (Cherax quadricarinatus): THE FIRST REPORT
Full text linkAims: Interferon (IFN) was recognized as a natural defense of vertebrates in response to viral infection. In later studies, IFN regulatory factor genes (IRF)s within Metazoan Kingdom was identified in Phylum Arthropoda, which are Chinese mitten crab (Ericheir sinensis) (ErS1, GenBank no. FG360214) and Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (PENVA, GenBank no. AOAOR6M5F1). This study aimed to confirm the existence of an IFN pathway in red claw crayfish (C. quadricarinatus), which also belong to Phylum Arthropoda.
Methodology: α-IFN, Chinese hamster ovary derived (CHO-Derived) recombinant protein was subcutaneously injected into adult red-claw crayfish at different dosages per body weight (BW), namely a.100 IU, b. 200IU, and c. 225IU. The right reflecting-time of the red-claw was counted. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted using designed primers from Chinese mitten crab (E. sinensis).
Results: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for nucleotides (BLASTn) showed somewhat similar characteristics between our sequences and other crustacean species. The highest matched value was 89% red-claw crayfish (C. quadricarinatus) microsatellite cqu.005 (GenBank no. AF156901)) and the lowest was 66% Noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) clone Aas8 microsatellite (GenBank no. EU692886). Two of our sequences matched 72 and 75% with a sequence of Chinese mitten crab (E. sinensis) microsatellite ES19 (GenBank no. DQ388785).
Conclusion: In conclusion, since the designed primers did not support the idea of an IRF as part of an IFN pathway existing in red-claw crayfish, our study tends to confirm that to date, no other IRF exists in Arthropoda, except perhaps in the Chinese mitten crab and Pacific white shrimp. This finding supports the rational consideration that IRFs within the Metazoan Kingdom, Phylum Arthropoda, might have diverged somewhat or been completely lost during evolution
COLLUSION AGAINST SECURITY IN IRAN AND UNITED KINGDOM
Full text linkoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1Criminal Policy Legislator in different countries Collision Decisive with Criminal Collaboration and Criminal Agreements. The reason for these dangers, the threats and devastating effects that such criminally and sometimes organised, cooperative partnerships, Especially In crimes against security, for the community Governance and independence in today's world, collusion of crime in all countries is a crime. Collusion analysis Particularly in Iran's legal and judicial procedures, it has not been well received, so there should be a serious shortage of theorising and the scientific commentary on this topic Reviewed. So, in this article the issue of collusion in Iranian law. Unfortunately, in only two articles, it has been mentioned that the collusion against internal and external security is in only two articles (Articles 610 and 611 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1996, not reproduced in the Islamic Penal Code of 2013). And has led to a lack of attention by the authors of the criminal rights of this crime and just pay attention to the subject of criminal conspiracy at the same level of Two Article. on the other hand, Collusion for crime It means the agreement and consent of two or more persons to commit a crime Which may be a plurality of criminals And agreed upon in the form of various offences or participation in the offense [1] Which is abeyance in the rules
VERO CELL LINES EXPRESSING NUCLEAR LOCATION SIGNALS OF Penaeus merguiensis HEPANDENSOVIRUS: AN EARLY STUDY
Full text linkAims: Penaeus merguiensis hepandensovirus (PmeHDV) (GenBank No. DQ458781) is a shrimp hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV), belonging to subfamily Densovirinae. Transportation of Densovirinae into and out of nucleus is allowed by the binding of nuclear location signals (NLSs) to importins (Imp). PmeHDV has putative NLSs that need to be experimentally tested. The aims of this study is to determine if the three putative NLSs of PmeHDV are functioning by transfecting NLS-inserted-plasmid DNAs into Vero cell lines using a transfection reagent.Place and Duration of the Study: Data for this study was collected from the Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Laboratories at James Cook University (JCU) during the duration from May 2015 to December 2016. Methodology: Each plasmid has been synthetically inserted with each sequence of the putative NLSs and afluorescent protein. The presence of the NLS in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm was screened. The overlay of visualization of transfected plasmids is presented.Results: It appears the NLSs are not functioning well as that the proteins are blocked at the nuclear membrane, probably linked to importin beta-1 and not frequently entering the nucleus. Our study demonstrated small noticeable differences in the outer nuclei within transfected-Vero cells with the experimental NLSs genes.Conclusion: In conclusion, our fluorescent study was not sufficiently sensitive to be confident of the detection in NLS-transfected cells under different filters. The study of crustacean virus-host interactions using proxy cell cultures as models remains a major challenge
THE DETERMINATION OF NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE WASTES USING DIFFERENT MATHEMATICAL MODELS
Full text linkBackground: This study was carried out in order to determine the nutritive value of fruit’and vegetable wastes using in suit technique. The objective of this study was to determine in situ CP degradability of fruit and vegetable wastes using nylon bag technique and survey to use this feed as animal feedstuffs.
Methods: Two fistulated wethers (35±1.8 kg) were used in the nylon bag method. The crude protein and dry matter disappearance were measured at 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. CP (Crude Protein) degradability of carrot wastes at 96h was 64.56 that were higher than the vegetable waste and that showed significant differences (p<0.05). Dry matter degradability of vegetable wastes at 96h was 68.58 % that was the highest and shown significant differences (p<0.05).
Results: Results of this study were showed that model 4 for carrot wastes and model 2 for vegetable wastes were the best-fitted models. The output of this model showed that model 2 was the best model for measuring a Dry matter of carrot wastes and model 1 was better for measuring a Dry matter of other vegetable wastes.
Conclusion: Fruit and vegetable wastes showed high ruminal degradation of CP (Crude Protein) as same as other economical feedstuffs, and these can be used instead of other feedstuffs. It should also be noted that models 3 and 4 did not achieve convergence in vegetable wastes