Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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Genetic Diversity of Some Syrian Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Varieties using ISSR Marker
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity and determine differences between several tobacco genotypes by examining molecular markers. In this work, Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) molecular marker was employed to study the genetic diversity of tobacco varietie grown in Syria which may be used as a source of information for tobacco genetic research and breeding. The genetic diversity of five tobacco varieties namely: Al-Baladi (Shik Al-Bint), Virginia, Al-Basma, Prilep, and Katrina was assessed. A total of 26 ISSR primers were used to amplify the DNA from these varieties, and produced 351 fragments (an average of 13.5 fragments per primer) out of which 186 were polymorphic (53%). Percent disagreement values (PDVs) mean average ranged from 0.10 for Al-Basma and Shik Al-Bint cultivars to 0.57 for Prilep and Virginia. The tree diagram based on PDV of the Unweighted Pair-Group Mean Average (UPGMA) separated Virginia (Western variety originally from USA) from the other four Eastern varieties at a distance over 0.52. On the other hand, all four Eastern varieties combined one cluster with Al-Basma and Shik Al-Bint cultivars being closest to each other at 0.1 PDV followed by Katrina, and Prilep at about 0.2. The ISSR-based genotype classification of the studied tobacco cultivars corresponded to their agricultural origins. Therefore, the ISSR technique could be implemented as a simple, effective and relatively cheap molecular marker to recognize tobacco cultivars, added to the fact of not being influenced by environmental conditions
Enhancing Drought Stress Tolerance in Prilep Tobacco Plants with Melatonin Treatment
Full text linkIn this work, we studied the effect of treatment with melatonin at concentrations (50, 100 and 150 micromolar) on some biochemical and production characteristics of Prilep tobacco plants under conditions of applied drought stress (15%, 30% and 45%).
Chlorophyll content in leaves decreased under conditions of drought stress, and H2O2, proline, MDA and Total Soluble Sugars increased steadily with increasing applied stress, while Chlorophyll, total soluble sugars content in leaves increased when sprayed with melatonin, especially at low concentrations (50 micromolar).
The treatment with the reduced concentration of melatonin and the applied stress outperformed all treatments and the control for all indicators studied. Therefore, it is recommended to use melatonin, especially at a concentration of 50 micromolar, on tobacco plants because of its role in improving chemical traits under conditions of drought stress
Study of Some Growth and Fruiting Characteristics of Rosa canina in Some Locations in the Countryside of Jableh-Latakia-Syria
Full text linkThis research was carried out in 2023 in four sites of Jableh countryside belonging to Latakia Governorate, namely in Bchile, Halabko, Al-Munizla and Bashraghi in order to identify some of the growth and fruiting characteristics of Rose Canina. The height of the Bush, the length, width and area of the Leaf, the productivity of the Bush from the fruits, with the average weight of the fruit and its content of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and titratable acidity were studied, the average number of seeds in the fruit was also studied. He used the analysis of complete randomness and analysis of variance with Duncan's test to show the significance of the differences between the averages of the sites. The results of the analysis of the variance showed that the trees in the Bashraghi site were the highest in terms of height, while the lowest tree height was in the Halabko site, and there were no significant differences in the leaf area between the sites, and the Bashraghi site exceeded in the productivity of the Bush (4.2 kg.plant-1) on the Halabko and Al-Munizla sites, while there were no significant differences in the average weight of the fruit, or its vitamin C content, as well as no significant differences in the content of fruits of carotenoids or total phenols and titratable acidity. As for the number of seeds in the fruit, the fruits of the trees of the Bchile site contained the largest number of seeds and the lowest was in the Al-Munizla site. It is advisable to take advantage of the fruits of the considered species for their richness in antioxidants and protection within their natural habitat
Assessment of the Socio-Economic Burden of Trypanosomiasis Infection in Selected Tsetse Endemic Communities of Enugu South L. G. A.
Full text linkHuman African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a debilitating public health disease of the poor. It is transmitted mainly by tsetse flies. The abundance of this fly in an area is correlated with the disease prevalence. A significant gap exists in current knowledge regarding trypanosomiasis and its socio-economic impacts in Enugu State. Despite limited available research, the resurgence of tsetse fauna, coupled with climate change, social instability, and disruptions in disease surveillance, underscores the urgent need for updated information This study accessed the socio-economic impacts of HAT in Akwuke and Ugwuaji communities of Enugu State Nigeria. Pre pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the knowledge of the vector, the disease and its social and economic impacts. The study recruited 347 participants and results revealed that 255 of the respondents (73%) demonstrated a solid understanding of tsetse flies while 159 (46%) have knowledge of the disease trypanosomiasis. A total of 14 (4%) claimed to have been previously diagnosed with the disease and 12 (3.5%) of them were out of work /farm activities when sick. The cost of treatment and hospitalization was borne by 13 (37%). However, stigmatization was reported by one person (0.3%). Therefore, it is imperative that health education intervention be carried out to improve knowledge concerning the disease, thereby improving the health seeking behavior in both communities. Active surveillance and integrated tsetse control approach should be considered in both study areas
Navigating Challenges and Opportunities in Russian Logistics
Full text linkRussia is a land of vast terrain and huge geographical expanse and so is the potential of Russian Market. As per the World Bank Report, 2014, Russia has immense potential in terms of growth and development on logistics which could touch to the levels of USD 150 Billion mark by 2015. However, Russia holds a 90th rank in the world on the Logistics Performance Index Scale. So this presents an interesting situation, where the immense growth potential exists, but perhaps due to certain conditions, Russia lags way behind. This paper attempts to examine the challenges faced by the Russian Logistics Complex and the opportunities provided by the Russian market. An example company has been considered which is operating very successfully in the Russian market. Based, on the Logistics Processes and operations of the company, existing Literature Review and the exploratory research conducted, some recommendations have also been offered which could help a company to optimize the logistics processes.
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the logistics and international business landscape in Russia, offering significant contributions to the scientific literature and practical insights for businesses operating in emerging markets. By examining the unique challenges and opportunities within the Russian logistics industry, the study sheds light on factors such as infrastructure constraints, regulatory hurdles, and market dynamics that impact supply chain management in this region. The case study of a successful logistics company operating in Russia illustrates effective strategies for navigating these complexities and optimizing operations. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of logistics in emerging markets and offer actionable recommendations for Russian businesses. These include adopting advanced technologies, leveraging strategic partnerships, and enhancing operational efficiencies to overcome regional challenges. The study's insights not only guide future research and policy development but also provide practical guidance for businesses aiming to succeed in the Russian logistics sector
Drug Docking Between Atorvastatin and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) using Cheminformatics Protocols
Full text linkThe conversion of triglycerides present in Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) into cholesterol esters present in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is facilitated by a plasma protein known as cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP). Several investigations have shown that CETP is directly responsible for atherosclerosis. We use 3D Insilico drug docking techniques to change the putatively altered target protein CETP in order to examine its interactions with atorvastatin. The translated amino acid sequence and three-dimensional chemical compound were taken from the NCBI database in order to perform drug docking procedures. In post-docking tests, advanced 3D molecular visualization capabilities were utilized. It was clearly demonstrated by the docking study results that atorvastatin directly reduces amino acid mutational sites. The electrostatic interaction between atorvastatin and CETP is represented in three dimensions (three dimensions) using concepts from molecular dynamics techniques. Finally, we can say that the anti-cholesterol drug atorvastatin aids in the prevention of heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases. The objective of our research is to illustrate the chemical mechanism by which atorvastatin interacts with CETP
Study of the Effect of Irrigation Method and Spraying with Amino Acids on Some Growth Indicators and Biochemical Characteristics of Tobacco Plants (Virginia variety)
Full text linkThe experiment was implemented at the Stakhris Agricultural Research Station in Latakia during the two successive seasons of Agricultural 2021/2022, according to a split-randomized block design, with three replicates for each treatment. The research aimed to study the effect of irrigation method and spraying with amino acids on the growth and productivity of tobacco plants, the Virginia tobacco variety (Nicotiana tabacum var. Virginie vk51), where the morphological and physiological characteristics were studied (plant height (cm) and total leaf surface area (m2/plant), and the content of air-dried tobacco leaves of biochemical compounds (total protein, soluble sugars, and nicotine (%)). Using the drip irrigation method with the third level of amino acids (I1A2) gave the best results, as it was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments, as the plant height value in this treatment reached (226 cm), which was reflected positively on the total leaf surface area of the plant (3.52 m²). /plant), and the qualitative characteristics of dry tobacco leaf improved, as the percentage of total protein and nicotine decreased and the percentage of total soluble sugars increased. Based on the above, it can be suggested to use the drip irrigation method with the third level of amino acids, given their significant role in stimulating growth in the Virginia variety and improving the quality of the resulting tobacco
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Drug Discovery and Development
Full text linkThe symbiotic integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and pharmacology marks a paradigm shift in medicine discovery and development. Traditional approaches, formerly constrained by the complications of target identification, high-outturn webbing, and clinical trials, are yielding to the transformative power of AI. This review navigates the elaboration of technology in medicine discovery, from literal limitations to the emergence of AI as a catalyst for effectiveness and perfection. AI's operations in target identification and high-outturn webbing accelerate processes, furnishing unknown perceptivity to implicit medicine campaigners. In preclinical and clinical development, prophetic modeling for toxin assessment and case position in clinical trials are reshaping the geography, offering a more ethical and individualized approach. still, this technological advancement isn't without challenges. Data quality, bias in AI models, interpretability, and nonsupervisory considerations demand careful navigation. Success stories, from AI- AI-designed medicines entering clinical trials to the repurposing of composites, punctuate the palpable impact of this community. Looking ahead, nonstop advancements in AI algorithms and the integration of multi-omics data promise a period of accelerated timelines and substantiated drugs. As we stand at the nexus of invention and responsibility, the unborn geography of medicine discovery and development motions, driven by the pledge of AI to revise healthcare results with effectiveness, perfection, and case- centricity
Navigating Beyond Needles: The Inhaled Insulin Revolution and Its Impact on the Future of Insulin Therapy
Full text linkThe selection of insulin administration methods is crucial for achieving ideal glycemic control in the dynamic arena of managing diabetes. This review article explores the complex landscape of insulin delivery techniques with an emphasis on inhaled insulin and subcutaneous injections, two widely used treatment modalities for diabetes. The best insulin administration technique is determined by a number of factors, including the type of diabetes being treated, patient preferences, and lifestyle factors. We provide a thorough investigation of a range of insulin administration methods, including conventional subcutaneous injections and the most recent developments in insulin administration systems including pens, pumps, and smart insulin devices. Our attention is now more narrowly focused on the cutting-edge field of insulin inhalers, which can deliver fast-acting insulin and prevent post-meal glucose increases. These inhalers provide a non-invasive, needle-free alternative that is especially appealing to people who have needle phobia and may significantly improve patient's quality of life. The pharmacokinetics of both subcutaneous injections and inhaled insulin are thoroughly examined in this work. We explain the benefits and drawbacks of each methodology and examine how it affects patients from a range of patient demographics, including children, seniors, and those who are obese. Designing the most optimal insulin administration plan for each distinct patient subgroup is our objective
Effect of Soaking Seeds with Graded Concentrations of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) on Local Tobacco Plants under Salt Stress Conditions
Full text linkThe research was conducted during the year 2024. The seeds were treated with three concentrations of the mutagen (0.1, 0.5, 1%) and with a soaking time of (8) hours. In addition, to induce salinity stress, sodium chloride (NaCl) was used at concentrations (4, 8, 12 dmol/cm2). The experiment was implemented according to a randomized complete design (R.C.D.) in the village of Salib - Latakia - Syria. Three replicates for each treatment. Some germination indicators of the treated seeds were measured (germination percentage (%)), morphological indicators of plants (plant height (cm/plant)), morphological indicators (total leaf surface area (cm2), )Net Photosynthesis Rate (mg/cm2/day)( and specific weight of leaves (g/cm2) .
Treatment with the chemical mutagen EMS at low concentration (0.1%) led to an increase in the germination rate, plant height, total leaf surface area, Net Photosynthesis Rate and leaf specific gravity.
On the other hand, increasing the EMS concentration by (0.5 and 1%) led to a decrease in the studied indicators.
Treatment of chemical mutagens under salinity stress conditions at a low concentration (0.1%) improved the values of the studied indicators compared to other treatments. High salinity concentration led to negative effects on all indicators studied
Therefore, we recommend soaking the seeds with a concentration of (0.1%) EMS, due to its role in improving the germination, morphological and morphological characteristics of the local tobacco variety