Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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The Role of Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education
Full text linkEducation plays a crucial role in the economic, social, cultural, and political development of nations. With the rapid advancement of technologies, learning and teaching methods are continuously evolving. Innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, the metaverse, digital twins, generative artificial intelligence, and cloud computing are transforming personalized and interactive learning experiences. Effective teaching strategies now offer high-quality, tailored learning pathways that leverage smart technologies. E-learning and intelligent learning have emerged as significant trends in educational technology, creating engaging environments that provide digital content and foster collaboration between educators and students. Digital transformation has become a central theme in this evolution, with AI and IoT poised to revolutionize education. Recent years have seen digital innovations applied across various sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, and transportation, with higher education facing unique challenges due to the diversity and complexity of its programs. The IoT facilitates the creation of smart classrooms, while AI enhances learning and teaching methodologies. This paper aims to highlight the critical role of digital transformation and artificial intelligence in advancing higher education, exploring both their benefits and the challenges they present
Patenting of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOS): A Critical Analysis
Full text linkGenetically modified organisms (GMOs) are subject to patent law, biotechnology, and ethical concerns, making it a complicated and contentious topic. The development of genetically modified organisms has become integral to improvements in environmental sustainability, agriculture, and medicine. GMO patents grant companies and inventors the exclusive right to use their innovations, encouraging creativity and financial investment in the field of biotechnology. However, the patenting process brings up ethical and legal issues, especially when it comes to who owns living things, possible control of the food supply, and the effects on farmers and agricultural biodiversity. Detractors assert that the commercialization of living organisms could inhibit technological advancement and grate customary farming methods, whereas proponents underscore the significance of patents in promoting scientific inquiry and innovation. This abstract discusses the trade off between innovation and societal impact when it comes to patenting GMOs, looking at significant legal decisions, regulatory frameworks, and righteous discussions related to this significant area of biotechnology
Interconnection of Climate Parameters and Reference Evapotranspiration over Nigeria
Full text linkThis study investigated temporal variations in reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and its interconnection with climate parameters across four climatic regions in Nigeria over a 42-year period (1979-2021). The ETo datasets were collected from the Archive of ECMWF-ERA-5 at a resolution of 0.25° by 0.25° grid system over Nigeria. The interconnection analyses between ETo and climate parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and net radiation) were conducted using the cross-correlation test, Mann-Kendall tests, and four homogeneity tests at a 5% significance level. The results demonstrated strong correlations between ETo and relative humidity (RH) in the Sahel, Guinea Savannah, and Coastal regions, with R2 values of 0.7343, 0.8418, and 0.7662, respectively. Trend analysis using the Mann-Kendall test indicated significant increasing trends in ETo for the Sahel, Guinea Savannah, and Rainforest regions, while the Coastal region exhibited a significant decreasing trend. Change point analyses using the four homogeneity tests revealed that ETo experienced significant changes primarily in 1999 in the Sahel and Guinea Savannah regions, 1996 in the Rainforest region, and 2006 in the Coastal region. In conclusion, relative humidity emerged as the most sensitive parameter to ETo, with immediate response time lags observed in the Sahel and Guinea Savannah regions, and a one-month response time lag in the Rainforest and Coastal regions of Nigeria
Navigating Bio-piracy and Bio-prospecting: Evaluating Ethical, Legal, and Environmental Impacts on Indigenous Communities and the Efficacy of International Legal Frameworks
Full text linkBio-piracy is the criminal act of studying biological resources and utilizing this traditional knowledge without any authorization. This exerts tremendous influence on indigenous people culturally, economically, AND ENVIRONMENTALLY. The reverberations of such actions can be felt in our cultural heritage, amplifying economic inequalities and environmental degradation. However, if such activities are conducted ethically, showcasing respect for Indigenous rights - resulting in fair benefit-sharing, a very strong potential exists for both sustainable development and scientific advancement. This paper evaluates the impact of bio-piracy on indigenous communities. It focuses on explaining the ethical and legal issues concerning bioprospecting and bio-piracy and lends itself to ascertaining the effectiveness of prevalent international legal regimes in handling these subjects.
International regimes such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol are crucial in laying down the foundation in the fight against bio-piracy, but they are nonetheless bludgeoned by issues pertaining to enforcement and benefit-sharing equity. Intellectual property rights, particularly in terms of patents, add yet another layer of complication to the issue at hand and may lead to the monopolization of resources that Indigenous communities have been using for centuries, bleeding them dry.
While appreciating the current regime, these findings suggest the need for holistic measures to combat bio-piracy. It places emphasis on developing standards that consider the collective nature of traditional knowledge holders, strengthen legal protection, and engender inclusive dialogue. It is very important to protect both cultural and biological diversity, which Indigenous communities have conserved for generations, to facilitate a just and sustainable future for all
A Systematic Review of Natural Products for the Alzheimer's Disease
Full text linkAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the accumulation of tau tangles and amyloid plaques, which results in cognitive decline. Natural substances and phytomedicines with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, and neuroprotective properties offer promising therapeutic modalities for AD. The investigation of these plant-based remedies is in line with the goal of developing safe, effective, multimodal, and culturally sensitive therapies that can be used to manage or cure a variety of illnesses while minimizing side effects and enhancing general health. The antioxidant effectiveness of these treatments is demonstrated by a number of patents, with the inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation among the suggested mechanisms. In addition, a few natural extracts show promise in crossing the blood-brain barrier, and some have anti-inflammatory qualities as well
Advancements in Forensic Voice Analysis: Legal Frameworks and Technology Integration
Full text linkForensic acoustics, specifically forensic phonetics, plays a crucial role in legal investigations. It aids in speaker identification, tape authenticity, and analyzing contested statements. In India, the legal framework for forensic voice analysis has evolved through amendments to the Indian Evidence Act and key judicial rulings, although specific legislation for voice sample testing is lacking. Internationally, voice identification has long-standing applications with significant advancements in voice analysis technology. Technologies such as Layered Voice Analysis (LVA) and Phonexia Voice Biometrics Solution demonstrate high accuracy in identifying individuals and uncovering emotional cues, meeting international standards for court admissibility. AI and machine learning enhance forensic voice recognition by providing rapid and accurate analysis, addressing traditional limitations. Ongoing research, including Muiredach O’Riain's project on machine learning for forensic audio classification, underscores AI's innovative potential in forensic applications. Modern statistical techniques like Bayesian analysis offer more reliable results, despite challenges such as voice alterations due to illness and diverse interpretations of sound analysis methods. Advancements in technology and AI integration present promising avenues for improving the accuracy and reliability of forensic voice analysis in legal contexts. Continued research and development are necessary to maximize its effectiveness in the pursuit of justice
Morphological Characteristics of Lepidocyrtus (Entomobryidae) and Salina (Paronellidae) Collembola Genera from Bangladesh
Full text linkThe purpose of this research is to identify the collembola of the families Entomobryidae and Paronellidae. In Bangladesh, a few genera, and species of the Paronellidae and Entomobryidae families have been described and documented. The morphological traits of five genera of Lepidocyrtus and two genera of Salina collembola were described and illustrated in this work. Among the five genera of Lepidocyrtus, two genera were previously misidentified as Podura aquatica and Hypogastrura armata species. In the present article, a misidentified species is described as a Lepidocyrtus genus. The morphological characteristics and morphometrics of those genera and their habitat details are presented here with a microphotograph and line diagram. This study helps to explore the collembolan diversity of the Entomobryidae and Paronellidae families and to identify their genus and species levels further
Response of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Plants to Foliar Application of Brassinosteroids (BRs) under Conditions of Drought-induced Oxidative Stress
Full text linkIn this work, we studied the effect of treatment with Brassinosteroid at concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mM) on some biochemical and production characteristics of tobacco plants under conditions of applied drought stress (15%, 30% and 45%).
Chlorophyll content in leaves decreased under conditions of drought stress, and H2O2, proline, MDA and Protein increased steadily with increasing applied stress, while Chlorophyll content in leaves increased when sprayed with Brassinosteroid, especially at low concentrations (0.01 mM).
The treatment with the reduced concentration of Brassinosteroid and the applied stress outperformed all treatments and the control for all indicators studied. Therefore, it is recommended to use Brassinosteroid, especially at a concentration of 0.01 mM, on tobacco plants because of its role in improving chemical traits under conditions of drought stress
A Novel Centralized Blockchain and Cryptocurrency for E-Governance
Full text linkThe work undertaken in this research seeks to solve the problem of the lack of state of art Civil Law and legislation, which till now is rather unavailable. A proposed solution is a need of new legislation that offers coherent as well as thwartwise answers to address a proper and upright use of crypto-currencies. It is proposed that the legislators and lawmakers must aim to provide rules essential for achieving meticulous and explicit policies & goals with reference to virtual assets like cryptos. This research work also highlights some shortcomings in using existing legal concepts when it comes to regulating cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, in practice, the current legislative arrangement is rather unable to achieve the required enhancements to regulate crypto-currencies by just utilizing traditional concepts as used to regulate fiat currencies. It is also shown that the current work in this paper is actually in-line with the present corpus of literature, claiming that current suggestion to regulate crypto-currencies would not inhibit the required development and promoting blockchain and cryptocurrency technologies. However, this has to be developed and grown within the right legal framework
In silico Drug Docking Interactions between Kaempferol and Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1)
Full text linkApolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) is typically linked to a significant increase in cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis. Numerous clinico-genetic research have demonstrated this reality. Our work uses 3D Insilico drug docking techniques to make the possible mutant target protein Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) interact with kaempferol. One of the main phytochemical components found in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is kaempferol. It has been demonstrated that Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a variety of pharmacological actions that can treat a wide range of human illnesses. We investigate the relationship between kaempferol and APOA1. The use of sophisticated 3D molecular visualization tools was employed in post-docking experiments. Kaempferol directly suppresses amino acid mutational sites, as demonstrated by the docking study results. APOA1 and Kaempferol's molecular 3D H-bond interaction is depicted in 3D view-based notions of molecular dynamics techniques. Finally, we draw the conclusion that kaempferol helps to prevent cardiovascular illnesses