Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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Studies of the Arsenic Toxicity Level in Rice Crop and Paddy Straw in Chhattishgarh, India
Full text linkAgriculture crop especially Rice as well as Straw (Paddy straw) containing high amount of As due to Crop irrigated with high Arsenic content water or grown in soil having 0.01 ppm of arsenic even when if grains cooked in water having high Arsenic content increase the arsenic toxicity in animal as well as human being when consumed it. We wanted to justify how arsenic in plants hampers food chain circle. Arsenic accumulation in rice straw could be a direct threat for their health via presumably contaminated bovine meat and milk. Present paper deals the toxicity level of Arsenic in Rice and Paddy straw of Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh found that As level in both Rice grain and Paddy straw are lower 1 mg kg-1 (WHO), which the permissible limit of arsenic toxicity in rice plant and paddy straw
Rheological Properties of Soybean Oil with Nano Additives: A Comprehensive Analysis
Full text linkIn this study, we have concluded the rheological behavior of the unadded and additived soybean oil with nanoadditives. The used soybean oil can be used for biodegradable lubricant. The mathematical model that best describes the rheological behavior is the power law model that also includes the nanoadditive concentration. Power-law modeling of the shear stress-strain rate dependence has a small correlation coefficient due to the hysteresis loop. If only the load curve is considered, the dependence has a tendency close to the linear one
Assessment of Cluster Front Line Demonstrations (CFLDs) on Groundnut in West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, India
Full text linkThis study investigates the performance of Cluster Frontline Demonstrations (CFLDs) on groundnut yield in West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, during the rabi season from 2016-17 to 2019-20. The demonstrations conducted on 350 farmers' fields revealed a significant improvement, with CFLDs achieving an average yield of 3663 kg/ha, 14.92% higher than the prevailing farmers' practice of 3196 kg/ha. Analysis of yield gaps revealed an average yield gap of 4.66 q/ha, indicating potential yield increase through improved practices. The technology gap of 10.51 q/ha and technology index of 21.52% further revealed the effectiveness of CFLDs in bridging the yield gap. The average gross return from the CFLDs was recorded as Rs. 2,01,220 per hectare, which is higher than the gross return from farmers' usual practices (Rs. 1,74,285 per hectare). Similarly, the net return from the CFLDs was recorded at Rs. 1,57,077 per hectare, higher than the net return from farmers' practices (Rs. 1,27,035 per hectare). The average benefit-cost (B: C) ratio in the cluster frontline demonstrations was calculated at 4.64, while in farmers' practices, it was 3.71. Groundnut productivity has notably enhanced by conducting cluster frontline demonstrations and incorporating proven technologies with improved varieties on farmers' fields. This increase has, in turn, improved the income levels of farmers and positively impacted the status of living of the farming community in west Godavari district
Enhancing Crop Production through Digital Agriculture: A Review of Emerging Trends and Technologies
Full text linkDigital agriculture means using various technologies and their various processes, which leads to a significant moral development in improving agricultural production and addressing the challenges of feeding the world’s growing population, and striving to achieve sustainable global food security. One of the most practical tools for this type of advanced agriculture is the rapid collection of data and the ability to analyze it. Through various tools such as drones, satellite imagery, and sensors, farmers can collect real-time information about their agricultural holdings, including soil moisture levels, nutrient content, and real-time resource monitoring. This data-driven forecasting enables farmers to make informed choices regarding irrigation, fertilization, and damage management, leading to more efficient use of resources and crop productivity. Digital agriculture facilitates the implementation of precision agriculture techniques. Through GPS technology and advanced machinery, it enables precise planting of seedlings, application of inputs, and witnessed creeping on the racer. This level of precision not only reduces the waste of cherry resources, but also increases each plant, which will ultimately lead to increased vegetables and profitability. In addition to improving necessity, digital agriculture plays an important role in the sustainable production of vegetable crops. By relying on precision irrigation, for example, farmers can reduce water use and mitigate the environmental impact of irrigation use. To achieve this goal, targeting of drugs and pesticides relies on specific chemical runoff parameters, which leads to harmful effects on multiple ecosystems and biodiversity. Therefore, the task of this assignment is to explore the diverse applications of digital agriculture, considering their impact on the need, sustainability and overall agricultural productivity. This review provides an overview of the importance of digital agriculture applications in improving field crop productivity and it provides farmers with an idea on how to invest digital agriculture in their field work
An economic and Profitability Comparative Analysis among Different Poultry systems: A Case of Poultry Farmers in Hathazari, Bangladesh
Full text linkThis study investigated the socio-economic profile of poultry farmers, farm management practices, and the economic profitability of broiler, layer, and sonali chicken production systems in Hathazari, Bangladesh. A total of 30 farms (10 each of broiler, layer, and sonali) were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Duncan's multiple range test and the chi-square test were carried out for data analysis.
The analysis revealed that poultry farming was dominated by relatively affluent individuals (80% self-funded) who were primarily over 40 years old (73.3%). Farm size and vaccination status varied significantly (P=.00, P=.02) between production systems. Farms with robust biosecurity practices (60%) reported lower post-vaccination disease incidence (33.3%). Recognizing potential nutritional imbalances, most farmers (83.3%) preferred pre-formulated feed. Economic analysis revealed that layer farming offered the highest profitability, with an average annual cost per bird of 1280 BDT (Bangladeshi taka), net return of 909 BDT, and a cost-benefit ratio of 1:1.71. Broiler production yielded a cost per bird of 1376 BDT, net return of 617.2 BDT, and a cost-benefit ratio of 1:1.44. Sonali chicken farming resulted in the lowest profitability, with a cost per bird of 1019 BDT, net return of 79 BDT, and a cost-benefit ratio of 1:1.07.
These findings suggest that layer farming offers significantly greater profitability compared to broiler and sonali chicken production in Hathazari, Bangladesh
Isolation, Identification, Distribution and Antibiotic Profile of Bacteria Contaminants of Ebenyi River
Full text linkDespite the abundance of water on earth, only a small fraction of water is readily available for the use of man. Even the small available fraction is not completely clean and safe for industrial and domestic uses. This study investigated the distribution of bacteria contaminants in Ebenyi River and their antibiotic resistance profile. Water samples were randomly collected from three points along each of the five communities that make up Eha-Amufu town through which River Ebenyi passes using 200 ml sterilised borosilicate glass bottles. Collected water samples were labeled and transported in an ice pack to the laboratory for analysis within 6 hours of sample collection. Bacteria isolation and characterisation were done using the culture method while antibiotic susceptibility was performed using the Kirby–Bauer method. A total of 59 species were identified, 25 (42.4%) were Escherichia coli, 12 (20.3%) were Bacillus sp, 12 (20.3%) were Klebsiella sp, and 10 (16.9%) were Staphylococcus sp. The results showed that Isu location had the highest concentration of bacteria species 15 (25.4%) while Umuhu locations had the least, 9 (15.3%). The isolated bacteria showed resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, penicillin, cephalosporins, tetracycline and aminoglycosides. It was therefore recommended that government at all levels, nongovernmental organizations or affluent and philanthropic individuals should immediately provide alternative sources of clean and safe water to the people of Eha-Amufu Community to help preserve the lives of the people. Any alternative source of water provided to the people must undergo sufficient filtration and exposure to ultraviolet radiation to take care of microorganisms present in the water
Advancing Cancer Therapy: A Review of Recent Progress in Monoclonal Antibodies
Full text linkA new era in cancer treatment has begun with the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which have improved therapeutic results and precision targeting to a great extent. Specialized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are engineered to attach specifically to cancer antigens, allowing them to directly target tumor cells and influence the immune system for therapeutic purposes. Significant advancements in this field include the approval and clinical efficacy of mAbs that target B-cell lymphomas and HER2-positive breast cancer. Notable cases like as trastuzumab and rituximab highlight the real benefits of these treatments, which include better patient outcomes and survival rates.
Furthermore, by triggering the body's immunological defenses against cancer cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab have completely changed the way that cancer is treated. For individuals with previously difficult-to-treat illnesses, this innovative technique has shown extraordinary success across a variety of cancer types.
Innovative approaches including antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies have also been produced by ongoing developments in mAb engineering. These technical miracles improve the overall safety profile of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) therapeutics by compensating for off-target effects and optimizing therapeutic efficacy. There are still issues, such as toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance, in spite of significant progress. Even Nevertheless, continued research and development initiatives highlight the enormous potential of monoclonal antibodies in customized cancer treatment plans. These advances promise a better future for cancer patients everywhere by highlighting the quick evolution of cancer therapies and encouraging increased research and innovation in this vital area of medicine
Molecular Docking and Anti-inflammatory Studies on Extracts of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taubert and Parkia biglobossa (Jacq.) Benth (Fabaceae)
Full text linkContext: Prosopis africana and Parkia biglobossa have been used since ancient times in Sierra Leone, Mali, Uganda and Nigeria in the treatment of anti-inflammatory related diseases.
Aims: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory potentials of methanolic extracts and fractions of Prosopis africana, and Parkia biglobosa using in vivo and in silico methods.
Methods: Their pulverized stem barks were extracted with methanol using Soxlet extraction technique. The crude extracts, CMEPR and CMEPK were partitioned into n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol fractions. The extracts and fractions were subjected to anti-inflammatory studies using egg albumin and Xylene inflammatory models. Molecular docking was carried out on compounds identified via GC-MS with the aid of Vina. Molecular interactions between outstanding compounds and target enzymes was viewed using Discovery Studio Visualizer, 2020. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard method.
Results: The results obtained from both egg albumin and Xylene inflammatory models revealed dose dependent inhibition of edema in both plants with the greatest inhibition observed at higher doses. CMEPR: 23.65%, 35.89%, 69.23% (egg albumin model); 48.65%, 64.86%, 78.38% (Xylene model), CMEPK: 33.33%, 46.15%, 73.08% (egg albumin model); 67.57%, 78.37%, 91.89% (Xylene model) for 100,200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. The ethylacetate fraction of Parkia biglobosa exhibited the highest edema inhibition (94.59%) comparable with the standard drug Piroxicam (89.18%). Molecular docking revealed l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanote as a potent inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) with a binding affinity of -12.6 and -9.0 kcal/mol respectively compared to standard drugs.
Conclusions: This study revealed that methanolic extracts of Prosopis africana, and Parkia biglobosa possess promising anti-inflammatory properties with a mechanism of action that may involve the inhibition of Cox-2 and TNF-α. Further research is needed to identify the active compounds responsible for the activities observed
Artificial Intelligence Revolution in Healthcare: Transforming Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Care
Full text linkArtificial intelligence has revolutionized healthcare, fundamentally altering the conduct of medical practice, research, and policy. This abstract provides an overview of the latest research, recommendations, and scientific updates regarding the ongoing revolution in the field of artificial intelligence. With the progress made in machine learning and deep learning, AI has the ability to analyse data, make predictions, and provide decision support. This has the potential to greatly enhance diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes in a wide range of medical disciplines. AI algorithms in diagnostics are highly proficient at detecting abnormalities in medical images, often surpassing human capabilities in certain instances. AI is revolutionizing the healthcare field by enhancing medical professionals' abilities to make quicker and more precise diagnoses. It enables early detection of cancer in X-rays and helps identify subtle neurological changes in MRIs. AI-driven predictive analytics are revolutionising the healthcare industry by accurately predicting disease progression, pinpointing at-risk populations, and optimising the allocation of resources. AI models have the ability to forecast the likelihood of developing certain diseases by analyzing extensive patient data. This empowers medical professionals to implement focused preventive measures and create personalised treatment strategies. In the field of drug discovery, AI algorithms play a crucial role in accelerating the process of identifying therapeutic targets, drug candidates, and repurposed compounds. Machine learning is used to analyse biological data, make predictions about drug interactions, and simulate molecular dynamics. This helps speed up the process of drug discovery and brings life-saving medications to market more quickly. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles to overcome. Ensuring data privacy, addressing algorithmic bias, and promoting accountability are crucial to establishing strong governance frameworks and transparent decision-making. Ensuring safety, efficacy, and equitable access for all patients is crucial when integrating AI into clinical workflows. This requires thorough validation, seamless integration, and continuous monitoring. To ensure responsible AI deployment, it is crucial to foster collaboration among various experts, such as clinicians, data scientists, ethicists, and policymakers. This multidisciplinary approach helps prioritise patient-centred care, equity, and privacy. In order to ensure widespread adoption and sustainable implementation of AI technologies in healthcare systems, it is crucial to invest in digital infrastructure, data interoperability standards, and workforce training. The future of AI in healthcare is promising, with ongoing innovation propelling progress in precision medicine, population health management, and patient engagement. Through the utilisation of AI, we can revolutionise clinical decision-making, improve healthcare delivery, and empower patients, ultimately making personalised, data-driven care accessible to everyone
A Retrospective Study and the Risk Factors of Lassa Fever Infection in Some Selected States in the North Central Zone of Nigeria
Full text linkLassa fever is an acute rodent borne viral hemorrhagic fever which is caused by contacts with the multi-mammate rat, Mastomys natalensis which is commonly found in human households, eaten as a delicacy in several African countries and lives in close contact with humans. The aim of the study was to carry out a retrospective study and risk factors of Lassa fever infection in some selected States in the North Central zone of Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used in selecting 3 States in North Central Nigeria. Based on rodent availability, Benue, Nasarawa and Plateau States were selected. Ethical report was obtained from the Federal Ministry of Health Headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria. Secondary data were obtained from Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) records from 2016-2019. Chi square tool was used to analyze the level of significance between the States and the years under the study. Values below p<0.05 were considered insignificant. The total prevalence in the three states in 2016 were 27.3%, 17.5% in 2017, 9.5% in 2018 followed by a spike in the number of recorded cases at 45.7% in 2019. A total of 68.06% of the patients survived while 15.25% of the patients died during this period. A total of 23.76% of the patients were within 31 – 40 years old. There was no significant difference (P=0.01) between the age group of patients and the outcome of cases during the period under study. In conclusion, the prevalence of Lassa fever infection in the North central region of Nigeria remains a burden and a more realistic and time bound approach need to be put in place by policy makers and other stakeholders in order to curb the spread of the virus. Personal and environmental hygiene remains the first and most effective line of defense against Lassa fever infection. Provision of food storage facilities and adequate safety measures in food and water consumption will aid in the reduction of outbreak of the viral infection