Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKS FED DIFFERENT INCLUSION LEVELS OF GINGER (Zingiber officinale) AND GARLIC (Allium sativum) OIL MIXTURE
Get PDFThe objective of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) oil mixture (GGOM) on some haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler chicken. A total of one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) of mixed sex were randomly divided into five treatments with three replicates consisting of 10 birds each in a completely randomized design. Birds in treatment 1 (T1) were fed basal diet with 0 % GGOM while T2, T3, T4 and T5 were given GGOM at 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 %, and 0.4 % respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks; food and water were provided ad libitum and all other management were strictly observed. Data collected were used to evaluate some haematological and serum biochemical indices of animals. Haematological parameters cover pack cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials while serum analysis includes total protein (Tp), globulin, albumin, aspartate serum aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alanine phosphatase (ALP). All the haematological parameters were significantly (P ˂0.05) different among the treatment. Similarly, serum biochemical parameters were significantly (P ˂0.05) affected by GGOM. Increasing the level of GGOM from 0.1 % to 0.4 % tended to reduce ALP, AST, and ALT values. It was concluded that feeding birds at 0.4 % did not cause any negative effect on the health of the animals; the data revealed that all values were within the physiological reference range for broiler chicks
PROXIMATE, MINERALS, VITAMINS AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF PROSOPIS AFRICANA (African mesquite) SEED OIL
Get PDFThe aim of this experiment was to evaluate the proximate, mineral, vitamin and amino acid composition of Prosopis africana seed oil (PASO). The proximate revealed the presence of moisture (5.62%), crude protein (30.71 %), crude fibre (6.47%), ash (5.08%) and energy (383.26 Kcal/g). Mineral analysis of PASO showed that it contains calcium, potassium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, zinc, copper and iron at 403.8 mg/100g, 606.1 mg/100g, 142.8 mg/100g, 281.3 mg/100g, 101.7 mg/100g, 38.56 mg/100g, 19.10 mg/100g, 42.28 mg/100g and 14.93 mg/100g respectively. Amino acid such as lysine (4.18 g/100g), histidine (2.31 g/100g), arginine (4.85 g/100g), aspartic acid (8.61 g/100g), threonine (2.80 g/100g), serine (3.11 g/100g), glutamic acid (11.44 g/100g), proline (3.29 g/100g), glycine (3.47 g/100g), alanine (5.22 g/100g), cystine (1.08 g/100g), valine (4.72 g/100g), methionine (1.40 g/100g), isoleucine (3.22 g/100g), leucine (8.31 g/100g), tyrosine (2.40 g/100g), tryptophan (0.90 g/100g) and phenyl alanine (3.85 g/100g) were found to be abundant in PASO. Vitamin analysis of the test material shows that vitamin E had the highest concentration of 11.67 mg/100g followed by vitamin C (8.56 mg/100g), vitamin A (0.55 mg/100g), vitamin D (0.33 mg/100g), vitamin B3 (0.25 mg/100g), vitamin B1 (0.21 mg/100g), vitamin B12 (0.20 mg/100g), vitamin B6 (0.18 mg/100g), vitamin B5 (0.10 mg/100g), vitamin B2 (0.08 mg/100g), vitamin K (0.08 mg/100g) and vitamin B9 (0.06 mg/100g) respectively. It was concluded that PASO is rich in several nutrients that have numerous health benefits including tissue maintenance, coordination of body functions and other biochemical and physiological functions in the body
CHALLENGES FACED BY FARMERS IN BEEKEEPING AND BEE POLLINATION IN HIMACHAL HIMALAYA, INDIA
Get PDFBeekeeping in Himachal Pradesh plays very important role not only in fruit pollination but also in honey production. The farmers here are facing many problems in bee rearing during recent years.This survey was conducted to assess the problems of beekeepers and orchardists in Himachal Himalaya. It was observed thatbeekeeping is important for securing food, poverty reduction, health, environmental protection, honey production and plant pollination. The farmers here practiced beekeeping as a part time or whole time job and were engaged in this venture for the last many years. Commercial beekeepers stressed on the role of honeybees as honey producers than pollinators of horticultural crops. Most of the farmers also earned extra income from honey and other bee products besides using them for pollination purposes. The farmers had knowledge regarding different aspects of honey production, processing and marketing i.e. constituents of honey, nutritional value, different type of honey containers used for honey storage, honey processing, marketing problems etc. But only some farmers were acquainted with different pests, predators and diseases of honeybees and their remedial measures.
Most of the farmers wanted to have financial support for different horticultural practices and training purposes. They preferred to be trained in orchard management technology and beekeeping practices. There were different types of constraints faced by beekeepers regarding the beekeeping practices which included non availability of bee flora throughout the year, heavy snowfall, shortage of labour, habit of absconding of bees and poor knowledge about medicines. Apiculture requires organizing honey marketing channels and raising awareness on limiting the use of pesticides in agriculture to protect the bees and the environment as well. The renovations and application of improved beekeeping technologies not only benefits beekeepers but also farmers and the general public in pollinating their crops, maintaining plant biodiversity, and the ecology at large
CILIATE PARASITES OF FRESHWATER ORNAMENTAL FISH
Get PDFThe aquarium fish keeping began as a small hobby and now emerged as an international trade worth millions of dollars in the export market. Although India is in a marginal position, it has great potential in ornamental fish production due to its rich biodiversity of fish species. Export of ornamental fish from India mostly dependent on freshwater fish species, contributing nearly 80% of the total trade. Parasitic infection and diseases are one of the major obstacles limiting expansion and yield of the aquaculture industry. Ciliates are the most common parasites identified from skin, gills and fins of infected fish in aquculture farm. Important pathogenic ciliates like Ichthyopthirius multifiliis, Chilodonella sp., Trichodina sp., Tetrahymena sp. and Epistylis sp. cause significant morbidity and mortality in variety of fish species in artificial closed environments of aquaria. Some common genera are obligate parasites whereas few are commensal, facultative and opportunistic. Use of appropriate chemotherapeutic agents and suitable management strategies can prevent and reduce aquarium fish diseases. Current investigations showed that protective immune responses against many ciliate parasites develop in fish bodies. Hence, vaccines are suggested as the effective solution to tackle the growing concerns of pathogenic infections in fish by providing protection, health benefits as well as economic gain
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOFUEL PRODUCTION FROM VARIOUS EDIBLE OILS
Get PDFBiodiesel is a clean renewable fuel and hence has recently been considered as the best substitute for diesel. Chemically, biodiesel is a mixture of methyl ester with long chain fatty acids. It is produced from renewable biological sources such as vegetable oil and animal fats by simple Trans-esterification reaction. Among the energy resources biodiesel as a received more attention recently. In the present study, the potential impact of biodiesel production from edible oil such as sunflower oil and sesame oil was studied. The total acid number of sunflower oil was found to be 0.3 whereas TAN Number of sesame oil was recorded as 0.4. The results revealed that the biodiesel yield for sunflower oil was found to be 74.9% whereas in sesame oil the biodiesel yield was 71.4%. The effect of methanol to sunflower oil and sesame oil with different ration was studied indicated that three molar of triglycerides produce three molar of glycerol. The different ratio showed the concordant value was studied. Trans-esterification process consists of two step namely acid esterification and alkali esterification. Acid esterification was performed with H2SO4 and alkali Trans-esterification was performed with NaOH. In the present investigation purification performed in post treatment process. FTIR is useful for quantifying various conversion of Trans-esterification reaction. FTIR spectrum for sesame oil and sunflower oil produced biodiesel
PARTICIPATORY SELECTION OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETIES IN THE HIGHLAND AREAS OF GUJI ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Get PDFPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food security and cash crop for farmers in highland parts of Ethiopia, particularly in Guji zone where it s grown by farmers and seed producers abundantly. However, in the highland areas of Guji zone an access, well adapted, résistance to late blight and high yielder potato variety is highly limited. Due to this reason, there is an urgent need to develop and replace the previous underproduction varieties that suit for the area. As a result, an experiment was conducted in the highland areas of Guji Zone at Bore on-station and three farmers’ fields (Abayi kuture, Raya boda, and Bube korsa) during 2019/20 cropping seasonto select and recommend high yielding, and diseases résistance improved potato varieties through participatory variety selection. Six (6) improved potato varieties (Gudanie, Belete, Jalenie, Dagim, Horro, and Bubu) were used as testing crop. The treatments were arranged in randomized completed block design (RCBD) with three replications for mother trial and farmers were used as replication for baby trials. Both agronomic and farmers data were collected based on the recommended standards. Data collected from mother trail were subjected to analysis of variance where as matrix ranking was used for data collected from baby trials. The analysis of variance indicated that significant differences observed at (P≤ 0.05)among the tested Irish potato varieties for day to 50% emergence and flowering, stem number per hill, tuber number per hill, marketable and total tuber yield. However, non-significant difference was observed at (P> 0.05) among the varieties for days to days to 90% maturity, plant height, tuber weight and unmarketable tuber yield. The highest marketable tuber yield was (48.17t/ha) was recorded for Belete followed by Bubu and Gudanie (35.35 and 34.3t/ha) respectively. But, the lowest marketable tuber yield (18.07t/ha) was obtained from improved Dagim variety. In other cases, farmers were allowed to evaluate the varieties using their own criteria. Accordingly, variety Bubu and Gudanie were selected by farmers due to their resistant to disease, stem number, tuber size, tuber color, tuber eye depth, number of tubers and marketability. Therefore, these two improved Irish potato varieties are selected based on agronomic data result and farmers preference and recommended for production to the highland areas of Guji zone
SYSTEM OF EDUCATION CHANGES DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic is a devastating disaster for all inhabitants of the earth. All segments of human life on earth, without exception of education. Many countries have decided to close schools, colleges and universities, including Indonesia. The crisis really came, governments in any part of the world and Indonesia government , had to make a hard decision to close schools to reduce people's contact massively and to save lives or still have to open schools to survive the workers in maintaining economic sustainability. There are two impacts on the sustainability of education caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. First is the short-term impact felt by many families in Indonesia, both in cities and in villages In Indonesia, many families that are less familiar do school at home. Home schooling for Indonesian families is a big challenge especially for the productivity of parents that are usually busy with work outside the home. Likewise with the psychological problems of the children of students who accustomed to learning face to face with their teachers in the classroom, learning by online it could increase bored, stress, depressions for the students
RESPONSE OF BORON NUTRITION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE GROWN UNDER TEMPERATE CONDITIONS OF KASHMIR VALLEY
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra- Bandipora, SKUAST-Kashmir to study Response of Boron nutrition on growth & yield of Rice grown under temperate conditions of Kashmir valley with four treatments of Boron @ 0 Kg/ha (farmers practice), T1: No Boron (control) recommended dose fertilizer of SKUAST-K, T2: 1 Kg borax/ha + recommended dose fertilizer of SKUAST-K, T3: 2 Kg borax/ha + recommended dose fertilizer of SKUAST-K. The significant results were obtained with Application of borax at 1 Kgs/ha resulted in Panicle sterility of 3.28% & the maximum Grain yield 68.25 Qtls/ha was recorded as compared to the Farmers Practice where Panicle sterility of 12.25% and grain yield of 61.05 Qtls/ha was recorded as farmers do not use boron fertilizers in their fields. Farmer was satisfied so far as Subsequent panicle initiation & grain yield obtained were redressed during the conduct of on farm trial. The farmers were suggested for applications of Soil application of Boron during seed bed preparation on the farmer’s field. As far as Economics is concerned, the farmers practice obtained the Net Return of (Profit) in Rs. 73000 Rs / ha as compared with Application of borax @ 1Kg Borax/ha + Recommended dose fertilizer of SKUAST-K obtained the Net Return of (Profit) I 87560 Rs/ha with B:C ratio of 2.08
REVIEW ON ADOPTION AND IMPACT OF IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES ON FARM INCOME IN ETHIOPIA
Get PDFThe importance of agricultural technology in enhancing production and productivity can be realized when yield increasing technologies are widely been used and diffused in the community. Based on this logic, this study examines the adoption and impact of improved agricultural technologies on farmers’ income in Ethiopia. One of how farm productivity can be increased is through the introduction and dissemination of improved agricultural technologies to farmers. The objective of this review was to assess the factors affecting the adoption and impact of improved agricultural technologies. Various socio-economic factors, institutional and the characteristics of the farmers were those factors affecting the adoption and intensity of agricultural new technologies. The adoption of livestock technologies was highly influenced by location factors as well as agro-ecological factors
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ALTERATIONS OF HYDROGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF ANJARAKANDY RIVER, KANNUR DISTRICT, INDIA
Get PDFGrowing needs of human societies, had caused significant river alterations and ecosystem changes that had resulted in the contamination, biodiversity loss and general riverine ecosystem degradation. The Anjarakandi River is one of the two major rivers that flows through the Kannur District of Kerala in India. The river originates from the slopes of the Western Ghats bordering Wayanad and Kannur districts. The Anjarakandy river originates from the Kannoth Reserve Forest. The study of different water quality parameters helps in understanding the metabolic events of the aquatic system. Certain parameters such as Turbidity, pH, Temperature, Hardness, Chemical oxygen demand, Carbon dioxide, Salinity, Ammonia, Dissolved oxygen are necessary for the understanding of flora and fauna abundance and distribution with time. The present study indicated the variations of certain physico-chemical parameters of selected four stations of Anjarakandy River namely station 1 (Bavode), station 2 (Odakkadavu), station 3 (Peralassery), station 4 (Mambaram) with respect to two seasons. Salinity range indicates the concentration of chlorides. Moderately high level of salinity was observed in pre monsoon. Ammonia content was maximum in pre monsoon and minimum during post monsoon season. This may be due to saltwater intrusion and sand mining along the streams of the river. Construction of dams and impounding of reservoirs in the upstream sections for drinking water, irrigation and hydroelectric projects are most common human interventions on river systems. The study points out the need for judicious exploitation of resources without any damages that would definitely interrupt the sustainable ecological balance