Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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BIOREMEDIATION ACTIVITIES OF Pseudomonas putida AND Staphylococcus aureus ON SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH SPENT MOTOR ENGINE OIL IN ABAKPA-NIKE, ENUGU STATE NIGERIA
Get PDFBiodegradation by natural population of microorganisms represents one of the cheap primary mechanisms by which petroleum and other hydrocarbon pollutants can be removed from the environment. The effectiveness of Pseudomonas putida and Staphylococcus auerus in remediation of soil contaminated with spent engine oil was investigated using standard methods. The result indicates significant variation in bacteria count between spent engine oil contaminated soil and control soil in 3rd to 6th week of bioremediation (p˂0.05). pH of control soil was significantly (P˂0.05) different from bio-remediated soil in the 1st, 4th, 5th and 7th week of bioremediation. Percentage organic matter content of control soil also differed significantly from bio-remediated soil in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 7th week of the experiment while the organic matter content of both samples did not show any significant difference in the 4th and 5th week (P˂0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn in bio-remediated soil when compared with control soil (P˂0.05). Similarly total organic carbon in bio-remediated soil was not significantly different from the control soil (p=0.001). Pseudomonas putida and Staphylococcus aureus are effective in the clean-up of spent engine oil contaminated soil
OVICIDAL ACTIVITY AND LATENT ADVERSE EFFECT OF Syzygium aromaticum AND Pinus brutia OILS AGAINST Pectinophora gossypiella (SAUNDERS) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE)
Get PDFThe present study was undertaken to investigate the impacts of the two essential oils; Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) and Pinus brutia (Turpentine) against 1-3 days old eggs of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella; the toxicity and the adverse impact of these products on some biological and physical characters were studied under laboratory conditions at 25 ±1 °C and 65±5% R.H.
The obtained results revealed that the eggs of P. gossypiella pest were highly susceptible to Pinus than Syzyginum. The LC50 value were 9.38% ppm when PBW eggs treated with Turpentine oil, while it increased to 11.57% when 1-3 days old eggs of P. gossypiella dipping with Syzyginum. Some biological aspect studies show a prolongation in larval and pupal stages developments resulted from treated 1-3 day old eggs by S. aromaticum and P. brutia.It estimated by 9.0 and 20.0 days/ larvae, respectively for larvae and 9.3 and 10.2 days/ pupae. . The life cycle were significant affected, as it was elongated to 34.1 and 36.9, respectively, compared with 26.2 days in control.
In contrast, in adult stage, the results indicated that the percentage of adult emergence was highly decreased to 56.0 and 61.0% emerged from eggs treated with LC50 of Syzygium and Turpentine, respectively, compared with (94.00%) control, with high reduction in total eggs laid, percentage of hatchability. The average number of eggs deposited by females were 107 and 97 eggs laid at 11.1 and 7.6 days oviposition/ female, resulted from Syzygium and Turpentine, respectively compared with 226.0 eggs/ female in control deposited at 11.6 days.
The physical result indicated that latent adverse effect in biochemical larvae resulted from eggs treated with two essential oil Syzygium and Turpentine. It caused high decreased in total protein to 15.0 and 8.6 (total protein (mg/g.b.wt.), respectively compared with17.0 mg/g.b.wt. /larvae in control, with decreased the Phenoloxidase, to 14.8 and 13.5 (O.D. units/g.b.wt), respectively, compared with 26.0 Phenoloxidase (O.D. units/g.b.wt) in control. In contrast, increased in free-amino acid to 137.3 and 298.0 (µg D, L- alanine/g.b.wt) respectively, compared with 118.0 in control, also, the total lipid increased to 27.9 and 22.0 (mg/g.b.wt.), respectively, compared with16.9 (mg/g.b.wt.) in control
PHASE NOISE ANALYSIS FOR HIGH SPEED VOLTAGE CONTROL RING OSCILLATOR
Get PDFVoltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) are an important part of transceivers. Phase noise is an important characteristic of oscillator design and is defined as the spectral density of the oscillator spectrum at an offset from the center frequency of the oscillator relative to the power of the oscillator. The effect of the oscillator's noise is one of the most important items in the designing of modern RF telecommunication systems. In this paper, we present the design and performance analysis of a 15 GHz voltage-controlled ring oscillator using the 130nm CMOS technology for operating in high-speed applications. For improving the efficiency of the ring oscillator in the transceiver, different techniques such as transistor sizing are employed. In comparison to other publications, the author’s ring oscillator design is optimized with reference to the central frequency and phase noise
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND SELF-CONCEPT AS PREDICTORS OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ IN ANAMBRA STATE
Get PDFThis research investigated socio-economic status and self-concept as predictors of educational attainment of secondary school students’ in Anambra State. The study adopted a survey research design. Three research questions guided the study. The population of the study comprised 4636 senior secondary school students from Idemmili L.G.A of Anambra State. A sample of 700 respondents was drawn using the Simple Random Sampling Technique from ten schools. A structured questionnaire was designed as the instrument for data collection. Face Validity Test was used by the experts to ascertain the truthfulness of the instrument. The data collected were analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation. The study found among others that the socio-economic status of parents affects the child’s educational attainment. Several recommendations were made, which is that the government should provide free education up to the secondary level to accommodate every child in society, especially those from low socio-economic backgrounds
STRATEGICALLY DETERMINANTS THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PROFITABILITY IN BANGLADESH
Get PDFThis study has empirically investigated the impact of macroeconomic factors on the performance of the pharmaceutical company’s profitability in Bangladesh. Data have been collected from four pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh from the year 2000-2018. For analysis of data SPSS 22 has been used, and different statistical tools have used like, Descriptive Statistics, ANOVA, Regression, etc. Macroeconomic factors measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Inflation rate (INF), Interest rate (IR), and Real exchange rate (RER), while company performance is indicated by Return on Asset (ROA). For this study, ROA has been selected as a Dependent variable and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Inflation rate (INF), Interest rate (INT) and Real exchange rate (RER) selected as independent variables. ‘Multiple Linear Regression’ has been used to examine the degree of the relationship of macroeconomics factors towards the company’s performance. The results conclude that there has a positive relationship between GDP, INF, and RER with ROA but their relations are not statically significant. In the meantime, there is a significant negative correlation between INT and ROA as the p-value is less than the key level. Inflation rate which has been used as the substitute of macroeconomic variable, conversely influence on firm profitability and macroeconomic variable i.e., GDP growth rate has a positive consequence on the firm profitability
PLANT DISEASES AND CLIMATIC VARIATIONS: TRENDING CHALLENGES FOR FOOD SECURITY
Get PDFTo accommodate the estimated demand of the worldwide people by 2050, global food production must raise by 50%. Meeting this daunting challenge would be made much more challenging if climate change causes the damages in Agricultural Crop Production (ACP) which result in threats to Global Food Security (GFS). Over last 40 years, disease and pest management has helped to double agricultural production, but diseases still demand 10–16 percent of the world output. We look at how climate change affects the many dynamic interaction mechanisms that cause pest and pathogen effects, as well as how these associations can be controlled to minimize these impacts. Integrated Disease Management (IDM), as well as international coordination in their execution, are deemed necessary. In this Review, we have reviewed the plant pathogens, climate change and their impacts on GFS, along with the key disease management strategies
INFLUENCE OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS ON LIVING ORGANISMS AND METHODS OF SOIL PURIFICATION FROM OIL PRODUCTS
Get PDFThe article discusses the development of plants in soil contaminated with oil products. According to the results of the study, it was found that an increase in the dose of oil pollution reduces the growth and development of plants and the number of microorganisms sensitive to this factor. We have used Californian worms to remove oil products from contaminated soil, and this method is considered the most effective, readily available and cheapest. According to the results of the study, it was found that when using Californian worms, it not only cleans the soil of oil impurities, but also improves plant growth
HF (DF) ECOLOGICALLY SAFE HIGH-ENERGY/POWER LASERS: A REVIEW
Get PDFThe following review is focused on two fundamental problems investigated by our team:
The formation of a scalable self-sustained volume discharge in strongly electronegative gases and the creation of wide-aperture high-energy non-chain HF (DF) chemical lasers;
The generation spectrum of a non-chain HF(DF) chemical lasers expanding and creating lasers with high energy per pulse, pulsed and average power in the spectral range > 4.1 μ
 
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF COMMUNITIES REGARDING BURULI ULCER INFECTION IN PARTS OF IMO STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFKnowledge, attitude and practices of communities regarding buruli ulcer infection in parts of Imo State, Nigeria were investigated in this study. A cross-sectional design involving interview with Household Heads in twenty villages and six focus group discussions were applied in 2018. Systematic sampling technique was adopted and a semi structured interviewer-administered questionnaire (validated and reliable) was the key instrument for data collection. The residents were physically examined for buruli ulcer disease and relationships with knowledge, attitude and practices were sought. The result of the reliability test showed that the instrument for data collection was highly reliable. In the study, respondents of age 56-65 years (14.0%) were more likely to think that buruli ulcer is not a health problem; instead it was as a consequence of the gods bewitching a person. Respondents with tertiary education qualification 124 (10.33%) were likely to regard buruli ulcer as a health-related challenge. Respondents who were traders 592 (49.33%) had the highest level of awareness. It was revealed that 96.67% knew about buruli ulcer, 5.83% of them knew it through the media and 9.35% knew it through Hospital Community Members. A total of 480 respondents (40%) attributed the disease to witchcraft, 10.83% perceived it was through insect bites and 23.75% believed it occurs due to lack of hygiene. Indigenous assessment showed that the disease has local names (out-ore; acha-ere) which reflect patterns of resistance and deterioration associated with the disease. Much negative behaviour about buruli ulcer was identified in the communities during the assessment. The findings of the study further showed that many individuals had knowledge about the disease but did not know how to manage the disease, particularly, their attitudes, practices and the way to manage the wound. The study also revealed that the women had difficulties accessing healthcare and therefore, the pains associated with wound management especially during routine-dressing was a serious challenge in the communities as patients were reluctant to visit hospitals for proper management due to overwhelming pains. The attitude and practice culminated in poor clinical management of the disease and invariably was responsible for the high prevalence rate of buruli ulcer in parts of Imo State, Nigeria. Community survey revealed that not much people knew about the mode of transmission and this deficiency limited adoption of preventive measures in the localities. Our study confirmed that buruli ulcer usually affects poor people in remote rural areas with limited access to health care. Our study also confirmed that most ulcers occur on the extremities; lesions on the lower extremities are almost twice as common as those on the upper extremities. Based on the outcome of this study, there should be capacity building and infrastructural facilities for handling of buruli ulcer emergency cases in Imo State, Nigeria. Quality health care facilities should be upgraded to adequately cope with buruli ulcer. Vigorous buruli ulcer sensitisation and awareness in communities, its implications, manifestations, signs and symptoms throughout Imo State, should be conducted. There is a need for more research to be carried out as mode of transmission of buruli ulcer diseases is still unknown. Buruli ulcer cases should be referred to qualified physicians to prevent wound severe infections and deterioration. There should be health education towards the misconceptions about the disease in the communities. Concerned authorities should be used in the treatment of buruli ulcer to avoid drug resistance by the wound-infecting microorganisms
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT ON THE ECOLOGICAL HEALTH OF FOUR DIFFERENT PONDS IN MANATHANA REGION OF KANNUR DISTRICT, INDIA
Get PDFFreshwater is one of the basic needs of mankind and is essential for the existence of all forms of life. Ponds are an integral component of the hydrological system and perform diverse role in biosphere. Ponds are of immense significance to human civilization as they are sources of water for domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes etc. Now a days we can see that the world's pond ecosystem is in danger. It is threatened by many factors .These include a variety of anthropogenic activities, which entail urgent need for research and education programs to create awareness in the society for their protection and conservation. In the present study physico-chemical parameters of four different ponds in Manathana region of Peravoor panchayat, Kannur district in Kerala, India was determined. Manathana is located in Thalassery tehsil of Kannur district in Kerala, India. It is situated 50km away from sub-district headquarter Kannur and situated in Peravoor grama panchayat. More than six ponds are situated in Manathana village. The present study was conducted over the selected four ponds in Manathana village namely, Manathana pond, Karimbanackal pond, Kunden Temple pond and Madappurachal pond. The objectives of the study were to investigate the seasonal variations of physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, transparency, salinity, ammonia, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demand. Water samples were collected during the year 2020-2021 from the study area and the physico-chemical parameters were analysed with respect to the seasons following standard methods. The major objective of this study was to collect information about pond water quality and importance for their conservation against anthropogenic activities. Because of their small size, ponds are much more vulnerable to degradation. Ecological assessment and monitoring of ponds are a major topic in their conservation and management. The improper management of water system causes serious problems in availability and quality of water, since water quality and human health are closely related, water analysis before usage is of prime importance. The study highlights the point that anthropogenic pressure makes responsible for causing destructive nature of pond ecosystems