Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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ASSESSMENT TOXICITY OF RECOGNIZED INSECTICIDES AGAINST Pectinophora gossypiella (SAUNDERS) AND THEIR IMPACT ADVERSE ON DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF Bracon brevicornis (WESMAEL) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Get PDFIn the current work, the toxicity of three compounds(belong to three different insecticidal groups); Flufenoxuron, Spinetoram, and Lambda-cyhalothrin were evaluated against the newly hatched larvae of Pectinophora gossypiella to estimate the LC50 values, in addition to study the adverse effects on some biological parameters of the insect and its larval parasitoid Bracon brevicornis. According to LC50 values, Lambda-cyhalothrin was the highest potency and the most toxic (0.358) followed by spinetoram (2.62) and Flufenoxuron (4.312). Moreover, all tested compounds significantly increased P. gossypiella larval duration to 23.5, 19.0, and 21.4 days/larvae for Lambda-cyhalothrin, Spinetoram, and Flufenoxuron, respectively, compared to 15.3 days for control. In addition, the highest percentage of total larval mortality was recorded (71%) for Flufenoxuron followed by (67%) for Lambda-cyhalothrin then (57%) for Spinetoram, compared to (4%) for untreated. Besides, percent of (5, 10, and 8 %) of pupal mortality were recorded for previously mentioned three tested compounds, respectively. Furthermore, rearing B. brevicornis on the full-grown host of P. gossypiella resulted from Flufenoxuron, Spinetoram, and Lambda-cyhalothrin treatments cussed significant elongations of both larval and cocoon durations recorded 10.9, 9.8, and 11.9 days/ larvae, and 8.3, 7.6, and 6.6 days/ cocoon, respectively, compared with 7.3 days/ larva and 5.6days/ cocoon in control. Therefore, the total immature period of the parasitoid B. brevicornis was observed to increase as a result of treatments. Besides, some biological parameters of B. brevicornis adults were also affected whereas, the oviposition periods were reduced to 9.6, 8.3, and days in rearing parasitoid females on Flufenoxuron, Spinetoram, and Lambda-cyhalothrin treated larvae, respectively, compared to 12.3 days for control, at the same time, the total number of deposited eggs by parasitoid females were reduced to 132.0, 109, and 74.3 eggs/ female, for Flufenoxuron, Spinetoram, and Lambda-cyhalothrin treatments, respectively, compared to 197.0 eggs/ untreated females
INTERCROPPING OF SHORT ROTATION TREES SPECIES WITH THE OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin) PLANTATIONS: LESSON LEARNED FROM SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN INDONESIA
Get PDFThe development of Oil palm plantations in Indonesia is often related to the deforestation issue because the expansion of plantations usually utilizes an area from native forest conversion. From a land coverage perspective, the total vegetation coverage after conversion is relatively unchanged on one hand, but conservationists insist that the environment quality is degraded on the other hand. Until recently, this issue remains debatable and the research which elaborates has not satisfied yet both parties. This paper aims to review theoretical arguments which support the implementation of Oil palm agroforestry practice as an alternative strategy geared towards economic growth and environmental maintenance. Equally important, the study is expected to enrich the references of future research concerning the dilemma between Oil palm and forest plantations industries or a combination of both trees and Oil palm intercrops. The study indicated that the Oil palm agroforestry system can create a balance between the conservation of the environment, community needs, economic benefit, and viability by designing a proper landscape. For Indonesia’s condition, a community involvement scheme is likely more proper to implement but needs government support such as a regulation. This model is recommended as a transitional option that can alleviate the poverty of communities in a neighboring plantation, at the same time can minimize environmental degradation
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND PERFORMANCE OF THE STANDARD BANK OF SOUTH AFRICA LIMITED
Get PDFAs the need to quantify the contribution of business intelligence deployment on the optimization of firms in general (and banks in particular) continues to take critical dimension among business and policy makers, this parametric quantitative research investigates the association between business intelligence and performance using 2010 – 2019 (10 years) audited data of the Standard Banks of South Africa Limited. The theoretical underpin of the work is the famous Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) theory. The net book values of computer hardware and software measured the technological dimension of the TOE framework). The size (total assets) of Standard Bank of South Africa measured the organisational dimension of the TOE framework. Finally, employees (total personnel cost) measured the environmental dimension of the TOE framework. Profitability and Shareholder value measured the performance of the bank within the period under study. Descriptive and inferential quantitative research analyses were carried out with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS); and the Pearson correlation analysis established that; (i) software investment, bank size, and employee cost have significant positive association with profitability and shareholder value; (ii) hardware investment has significant negative association with profitability and shareholder value; and (iii) Employee quality (staff cost) has the highest significant positive effect on both profitability and shareholder value. The relevance of the TOE theory is established in this study; and the need for banks to optimize their TOE investment mix in order to maximize their profitability and shareholder value was stressed. The study recommends that further comparative studies within and across industries and countries to be carried out for better generalization of the findings of this work or vice versa
NUTRIENT STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF SOME HYDROMORPHIC SOILS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION
Get PDFNutrient status of some hydromorphic soils in Rivers State were studied for their potentials and probable constraints to crop production. A total of one hundred and twenty surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface (15-30 cm depth) soil samples obtained from ten locations were subjected to routine laboratory and statistical analysis using standard methods. Random sampling technique was employed in the collection of soil samples. Results revealed that the sand component of the soils which ranged from 117 g/kg to 891 g/kg decreased with increased soil depth. The clay and silt fractions ranged from 24 g/kg to 231 g/kg and 28 g/kg to 701 g/kg respectively. The highest sand content was obtained at 0 – 15 cm topsoil. The results showed that nutrient status of some of the soils were low as revealed by their estimated levels of availability. The soils were acidic in reaction. Mean pH values were 4.2 in the surface soils and 3.7 in the subsurface soils. Total nitrogen, calcium, sodium and electrical conductivity were all less than the critical levels in soils but moderate to high in organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, base saturation and micronutrient (Fe and Mn). The main constraints of these soils to sustainable crop production were therefore, the low chemical fertility (high acidity, low exchangeable Calcium and Nitrogen concentrations). However, short season crops (vegetables) can be grown at subsistence level. Ordinarily, fertilizer and lime could be recommended as measures to increase yield of crops, but these inputs are both unaffordable and unavailable at critical periods. Therefore, the farmers are encouraged to harness cheap resources found on the farms such as mulch and bio-fertilizers, to improve soil nutrient status rather than rely on inputs that are normally not accessible
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF DINARA POND, SHIVPURI, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA
Get PDFIn present work an attempt has been made to study the physico-chemical water quality parameters of Dinara pond. The study was carried out for a period of one year from June 2020-May2021. Sampling stations were established to keep in mind cover whole water body. Seasonal water sample were made to analysis of water from selected sampling stations. Some of the water parameters were analyzed at the sampling site during the collection of water while rests of other parameters were analyzed in laboratory. Water sample were collected in polyethylene double coated bottle and bring it to laboratory with 2 to 3 hours after the collection. Different study stations at Dinara Pond exhibited seasonal and inter-site variations in physico-chemical parameters of water due to anthropogenic discharge in and surrounding area of pond. Poor quality and degradation of water is affected growth of crops and their quality, aquatic fauna and flora with dependent population with this water body
TRAINING AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN SRI LANKA: IMPACT OF SKILLS TRAINING ON UNEMPLOYMENT
Get PDFUnemployment is one of the considerable economic problems in Sri Lanka. Especially there’s a considerable amount of unskilled unemployment rate in Sri Lanka. The overall unemployment rate of Sri Lanka in 2020 is 5.55 percent. The urban unemployed population in Sri Lanka also rapidly increasing. This article aims to study the effect of currently implemented training programs on unemployment in Sri Lanka with special reference to the urban area and also aims to identify what kind of new training programs and policies should implement to eradicate unemployment and the outcomes of those programs and policies as well as to identify the challenges when implementing those programs and policies and remedies for them. This article presents a review of empirical studies that have been conducted to identify the impact of training of skills on unemployment. The review revealed that there is a positive relationship between skills training and the eradication of unemployment
STUDY ON ELASTIC, THERMODYNAMIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Y2TI2O7 PYROCHLORE DETERMINED BY A SEMI-EMPIRICAL METHOD AT 300 K
Get PDFFirst-ever a straightforward semi-empirical method is employed to compute elastic parameters (elastic wave velocities, elastic moduli, Debye temperature), thermodynamic parameters (molar heat capacities at constant volume and pressure, Debye temperature, electronic contribution to molar heat capacity, lattice potential energy), and optical parameters (refractive index, optical energy bandgap, dielectric, electronic and ionic polarizabilities) for pyrochlore-type yttrium-titanate (Y2Ti2O7) at 300 K. The results of our calculations are compared with the existing experimentally and theoretically determined data. The quite satisfactory agreement between the two validates the approach adopted. The value of molar heat capacity at constant volume computed based on the Einstein theory for pyrochlore is accordant with theoretically predicted value from the law of Dulong and Petit while the Debye theory fails to estimate the consistent value at 300 K. It appeared that electronic molar heat capacity contributes ~ 0.5 % to the total molar heat capacity and the electronic and lattice molar heat capacities are comparable at 14.5 K. The applicability of the oxide additivity rule is examined and found successful in predicting the dielectric, electronic, ionic polarizabilities and lattice potential energy of the complex oxide composition. The semi-empirical method used in the present investigation is found quite simple as compared to previous cumbersome evaluation methods
GENERIC PESTICIDE UNDERSTANDING BY SMALL HOLDER FARMERS IN FOGERA DISTRICT, SOUTH GONDAR ETHIOPIA
Get PDFThe preliminary survey was carryout to assess the farmers understanding about the generic pesticide (single active ingredient with different trade name). Total of 45 farmers participated in this study through interviews. Three commonly used pesticides by smallholder in the locality with different active ingredients were presented to the farmers to evaluate their understanding about the similarity and importance of generic pesticide. Open ended questioner was used. Those commonly used pesticides presented to the farmers are 1. Dimethoate (Agro-Thoate 40%EC, Ethiothoate 40%EC, Dimethoate 40 % EC, Dimeto40%EC and Roger) 2. Lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate 2.5% EC, Lamdex 5% EC, Helerat 50EC, Lamdex 5% EC, Farate 3. Profenofose (Ajanta, Profit 720EC, Polytrin315EC, and Selecron 720% EC). In this study from 45 farmers who asked about the generic pesticide, the similarity of Lamdex 5% EC, and Farate, 43 out of 45 farmers did considered these insecticides as different and they used this insecticide for different pest control. Similarly over 96% of the farmers did not understand the similarity among Ajanta, Profit 720EC, Polytrin315EC, and Selecron 720%EC , and 91% did not understand the similarity among Agro-Thoate 40%EC, Ethiothoate 40%EC. This misunderstanding of farmers about similar pesticide with different trade name contributes for ineffective pest control, farmers used single active ingredient (with different trade name) for different pest control due to miss understanding. Hence, the government and non government other concerned body should create enough awareness regarding to similarity of for smallholder farmers. Pesticide manufacturers, should also be responsible for pest for this action
FACTORS AFFECTING TOWARDS USAGE OF THE INTERNET BANKING IN SRI LANKA: ANALYSIS OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE IN SRI LANKAN PERSPECTIVES
Get PDFFacilities Internet banking is a result of using of information technology in the field of banking towards a cashless technological environment. Due to the researches about internet banking in Sri Lanka, we can identify only a smaller number of people are involved with this internet banking system. Therefore, this research intends to identify the empirical evidence for factors affecting internet banking in Sri Lanka. This article presents a review of empirical studies that have been conducted to identify factors affecting online banking in Sri Lanka. The review revealed that the majority of existing studies were recognized perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived benefits are affecting to encourage the usage of online banking in Sri Lanka while perceived risk, attitudinal factors, and demographic factors (gender, age, occupation, level of education) that negatively influence towards the use of the internet banking in Sri Lanka
A SYSTEMATIC APPRAISAL ON THE COMPARATIVE ACCOUNT ON THE SALINITY LEVELS IN THE THREE RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS OF KANNUR DISTRICT, KERALA, INDIA
Get PDFThe world's ecosystems are being threatened by many factors, that entail the urgent need for research and education programs to create awareness in the society for their protection and conservation. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the salinity intrusion and the seasonal variations of various physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, transparency, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand of the three riverine ecosystems of Kannur district namely Kakkad, Kattampally and Pullooppi. Water samples were collected during the year 2019-2020 from the study area and the physico-chemical parameters were analyzed with respect to the seasons following standard methods. The study indicates that there was a pronounced variation of most of the water quality parameters with variations in season and remarkably higher level of salinity intrusion was also noticed with respect to seasons. In the present study it has been observed that salinity range from 14.2mg/l to 339 mg/l. Maximum salinity was recorded in site 3 during post monsoon season and the minimum salinity was recorded in site 1 during Pre-monsoon season. Water with high salinity is not suitable for drinking as well as for irrigation purpose. Biological Oxygen Demand values ranged from 0.48 to 9.92 mg/l. The maximum value of BOD was noticed in site 3 (9.92 mg/l) during monsoon season.The results may provide an early warning signal about the degradation of these precious ecosystems. The findings of the present study also provide a better understanding for the need for the restoration of these natural pristine ecosystems