Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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Identification, Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Peroxidation Products in Re-used Deep Fried Oil from Food Vendors in South Eastern Nigeria
No full textThis research work aims to identify, characterize and quantify the presence of cytotoxic lipid peroxidation products in re-used deep fried culinary oil collected from different fast food vendors within (Enugu, Ebonyi, Anambra, Abia and Imo) States in Eastern Nigeria. Hundred milliliter (100 mL) of re-used deep fried vegetable oil collected from different fast food vendors within these States, were subjected to characterization, and further identification and quantification of end products of lipid peroxidation level using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method, slightly modified ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange assay method (FOX2 assay) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Our findings indicate significant (p<0.05) increase in aldehyde groups, lipid hydroperoxide concentrations, saponification values, rancidity, percentage free fatty acid values, acid values, and remarkable decrease in iodine values in comparison with fresh refined vegetable oil. Our result from Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of methylated re-used deep fried vegetable oil detected, Cholest-5-en-3-ol (3β)-propanoate an already established inducer of echinocytic transformation of human erythrocytes. The failure of methylation process to capture very short chain hydrocarbons necessitated the use of derivitazation method, which was able to detected already established cytotoxic product namely; trans, trans-2,4-decadienal, a highly reactive and pro-apoptotic α, β-unsaturated aldehyde capable of initiating nitrative/oxidative stress
Rearing Monosex Tilapia at Low Salinity Levels Using Locally Available Protein Sources
No full textThis study focused on several essential elements of fish farming. Such as developing diets from locally available and cheap protein sources, comparing plant/animal protein sources in diets, identifying the most effective source for increasing fingerling weight and protein content, achieving the best feed conversion efficiency, and clarifying the effect of these sources on behavior and growth of monosex tilapia fingerlings, which are being cultured for the first time in Syria under low-salinity waters. This will positively affect the future of fish farming projects and their investments.
This study was designed as an experimental research conducted at the Department of Fisheries Resources, High Institute of Marine Research, and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Latakia University/Lattakia /Syria, from May to August 2023.
Four diets were prepared, all with equal protein content (35%), but differing in protein source (plant/animal); M1: soybean meal, M2: cottonseed meal, M3: poultry slaughterhouse waste, and M4: a mixture of (soybean meal + cottonseed meal + poultry slaughterhouse waste). Monosex tilapia fingerlings were obtained during May 2023 from the nearby Al-Sin fishery research field station (Banyas/Syria). They were distributed in the laboratory glass tanks of Lattakia University and fed till satiation, twice a day for 63 days. Hydrological factors, individual behavior and mortality rates were monitored daily.
The results showed that fingerlings fed on M1 and M3 diets had good feed conversion rates, high daily growth rate, good protein content, and low mortality compared to the undesirable M2 diet, which resulted in lower feed consumption, slight weight gain, bad feed conversion ratio and increased mortality. Fingerlings feeding on M4 diet achieved the best results in terms of feed conversion ratio and weight gain with high protein content.
These results indicate that some local protein sources can be added to diets as a primary protein source that positively affect growth, providing economic and environmental benefits for monosex tilapia fingerlings in low salinity water. This confirms the adaptability and successful culture of monosex tilapia in low-salinity water environments.
The study recommends rearing of monosex tilapia in low-salinity waters, adopting soybean meal and poultry slaughterhouse waste as the main ingredients in monosex tilapia diets. Conversely, Cottonseed meal is not recommended as the main source of plant protein in feed without pretreatment, due to its negative effect on growth rate
Time-Dependent Alterations in Renal Biomarkers of Mice Exposed to Aspartame and Ethanolic Extract of Sacoglottis gabonensis
No full textAim: This study aimed at assessing the time-dependent alterations in renal biomarkers of Mice exposed to Aspartame and ethanolic extract. of Sacoglottis gabonensis.
Study Design: The study was a completely randomized design employing relevant statistical tools for analysis and interpretation.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University. The experiment lasted for 90 days between January and April 2021.
Methodology: A total of ninety mice were assigned to six groups (A-F) of fifteen mice each. Group A received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of Sacoglottis gabonensis ethanolic leaf extract. Group B received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of ethanolic bark extract of S.gabonensis. Group C received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of a combination of bark and leaf extract. Group D received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 500mg/kg/bw/day of a combination of bark and leaf extract. Group E was the control and group F received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame only. All the groups were exposed to the treatment by oral gavage for 30, 60 and 90days. Blood samples were collected individually by cardiac puncture to assay for the kidney function biomarkers and statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Analyses System SAS 9.4.
Results: At 30 days, all parameters (TP, ALB, TB, CB, UR and CR) showed only mild fluctuations with no significant(p>0.001) difference in the values across the treatment groups and the control. By 60 days, more pronounced changes were observed. Total protein and albumin levels increased significantly (p<0.001) particularly in group F, while total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urea, and creatinine also showed marked elevations in groups B and F. At 90 days, most biomarkers began to stabilize, a nonsignificant decrease in ALB and TB was recorded in groups co administered S. gabonensis compared with group F administered aspartame only.
Conclusion: A short-term exposure to aspartame or Sacoglottis gabonensis extract (30 days) did not immediately disrupt kidney function but the pronounced spikes in total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and protein indices at 60 days, especially in the aspartame-only group, point to the onset of hepatic stress and renal impairment. At 90 days, the partial decline in all biomarkers reflect possible physiological adaptation or the protective effects of Sacoglottis gabonensis in co-treated groups. However, this pattern demonstrates that prolonged aspartame exposure exerts toxic effects on kidney function, while S. gabonensis demonstrated a potential nephroprotective role, mitigating the adverse biochemical effects induced by aspartame
Broiler Farming in Hathazari Region of Bangladesh: A Study of Management Practices
Full text linkBroiler farming has greatly improved the socio-economic status of people in underdeveloped countries like Bangladesh. The productivity and profitability of broiler farming largely depend on good management practices. The present study was conducted on selected broiler farms to know about the socio-economic status of the farmers, the managemental practices adopted by them and the overall production performance of the broiler chicken in Hathazari region, Chittagong. The data for this study was collected using direct interviews with farmers, visual inspection of farms and farm records through a pre-formed questionnaire. In the study, it was found out that most of the farmers are young (60%), started the farm with their own money (60%), received no training (90%), had an experience of 6-10 years (50%) and has taken farming as a main occupation (70%). Considering management practices, 50% of the farmers collected day-old chick (DOC) from Kazi Farms Limited through local dealers. The housing system was intensive, open-sided with kacha (60%) and paka (40%) floors and tin shed roof. In all farms, sawdust was used as litter material due to the unavailability of rice husk. An electric brooding system was used in all the farms with a duration of 5-7 days in summer and 10-15 days in winter. About 50% of farmers reported that they did not monitor nor measure air temperature during brooding. The most common disease in this area is infectious bursal disease (66%). Most farmers maintained vaccination schedules but hygiene conditions were minimal, with no foot bath and unrestricted public access. All the farmers used different growth promoters, antibiotics, liver tonics, and vitamins in broilers. The average mortality rate of the studied farm was 3.36%, the average final body weight was 1.7 kg and the average feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 1.26. It is concluded that the information gathered through this study would be beneficial in developing enhanced poultry management strategies in the study area
Study of Some Physicochemical Parameters of Paliwal Park Lake Water at Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Full text linkPhysicochemical analysis of Paliwal Park lake water at Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India carried out for period of eight months (July 2024 to February 2025) on the basis of monthly sampling. Various physicochemical parameters, such as water temperature, air temperature, pH, humidity, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH) and turbidity were taken for study. The results revealed that significant variations were found in monthly water samples. The aim of this study was to analyze the monthly variations in Physicochemical Parameters of Paliwal Park lake water at Agra, Uttar Pradesh
Quality Deterioration of Musa acuminata, Musa acuminate canvendish and Musa balbisiana in Four Different Condition at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
No full textBananas are among the world’s main economic crops and one of the world’s most-selling fresh fruits. At present, research work done on microbial deterioration of 3 different banana Musa acuminata, Musa acuminate canvendish and Musa balbisiana available in gajuwka market. This paper summarized the microbial composition of spoiled banana. Moreover, the development of fungal cells on the banana was observed where there is no bacterial growth during the storage. This review is on 3 storage conditions i.e. polythene cover, refrigerator and open cupboard area. The spoilage was first observed on Musa acuminata yellow banana that was stored in polyethene cover. The spoilage was due to increased moisture and deterioration reaction in the ripened banana
Design and Characterization of Anticancer Drug-Loaded Microspheres for Controlled Release
No full textMicrospheres refer to microparticles composed of a homogeneous mixture of active compounds and raw materials. Microsphere is a synonym of microparticle. Rectal drug delivery is an effective substitute for the oral and parenteral route of administration in partial avoidance of first-pass metabolism and protein peptide drug delivery. The rectum offers a relatively constant environment for drug delivery, provided the drug is presented in a well-absorbable form. The purpose of the present investigation was to prepare flutamide-loaded microspheres for a rectal drug delivery system with the aim of improving solubility, avoiding first-pass metabolism and enhancing residence time. Flutamide (FLT) was a gift sample from Cipla Pvt. Ltd. (Bangalore, India). Mucilage is extracted from Ocimum basilicum seeds (basil seed) in the laboratory, PEG4000, and Methanol. Flutamide is an anticancer drug that exhibits poor water solubility, poor dissolution and poor wetting. Flutamide encapsulated Mucoadhesive microsphere prepared by a simple one-step spray drying method using mucilage extracted from seeds of Ocimum basilicum as a natural polymer. The mucoadhesive microspheres were evaluated by different parameters such as percentage production yield, encapsulation efficiency study, particle size analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), ex vivo mucoadhesive test, and in vitro drug release stability study. The microspheres were spherical with a size of 2.53µm. The encapsulation efficiency was observed from 57.44% to 69.67%, while the percentage of mucoadhesion was observed from 70.68% to 89.01%. The microsphere releases around 88.28 % of the drug in 7 hours. The DSC and XRD studies show that FLT was molecularly dispersed. It was concluded that Ocimum basilicum mucilage microsphere-based suppository could be used to deliver FLT to rectal drug administration for improving solubility, bioavailability, and avoiding first-pass metabolism
Length–Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Mudskipper, Periophthalamus barbarus (Linneaus 1766) from Iko River Estuary, Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
No full textThis study investigates the length-weight relationship and the condition factor of Periophthalamus barbarus from Iko estuary, situated in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. A total of 180 specimens were collected over a six-month period (December 2021 to May 2022) through monthly sampling using traditional fishing methods, including hand picking and locally constructed traps. The total length and body weight of male specimens ranged from 2.50 to 14.70 cm and 2.50 to 25.30g, respectively, while those of females ranged from 6.50 to 14.40cm and 2.10 to 23.60g. The length-weight relationship for males was best described by the equation W=0.0115L2.5655, and for females by W=0.0245L2.642, indicating a negative allometric growth pattern in both sexes (with b-values<3). The Fulton’s condition factor (K) ranged from 0.799 to 1.043 in males and 0.815 to 1.019 in females, suggesting relatively good health and favourable environmental conditions for growth and survival. The findings imply that P. barbarus in the Iko River Estuary exhibit moderate well-being and energy reserves, although the negative allometric growth may reflect adaptive strategies to the estuarine habitat. This study provides essential baseline data for ecological monitoring and fishery management of P. barbarus in the Niger Delta estuarine ecosystem
Economic Status and Decision Making Power of Tribal Women: An Overview of Backyard Poultry Rearer in Khagrachari District of Bangladesh
Full text linkIn Bangladesh, women often face limited access to resources and decision-making processes. This study investigates the socioeconomic context, profitability, and factors affecting decision-making power of tribal women by backyard poultry rearing in Khagrachari district. A total of 30 tribal women are selected for this study using random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, econometric and logistic regression model were used for analysis of the data. Key findings of the study reveal that most backyard poultry rearing tribal women are middle-aged (53.33%) with 6 to 10 years of schooling. The study reveals a total cost of Tk.117.86 ± 25.43, a net return of Tk. 326.14 ± 43.96, and a gross margin of Tk.329.07 ± 43.93 per bird. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is 3.89 indicating that investing Tk.1 for backyard poultry farming, tribal women would get a return of Tk.3.89. There is a significant (P < 0.05) positive association is found between the income generated from rearing backyard poultry and women’s probabilities of making household decisions. Majority of tribal women (93.33%) either have a high or medium extent opinion that their husband supports them in household decisions, 66.67% believe they can make decisions to a medium extent about children's education and marriage. Tribal women's participation in poultry farming uplifts their economic situation and bolsters their role in family decisions
Performance of Naga Chilli as Intercropping with Sweet Orange Plant under Agroforestry Approach
No full textA field study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Faridpur village, Fenchuganj, Sylhet, from September 2021 to August 2022, to evaluate the biological performance of Naga chilli in a BARI Malta-1based agroforestry system. Naga chilli was grown both as a sole crop (farmer’s practice) and as an intercrop with BARI Malta-1 plant. The growth characteristics of Naga chilli including plant height, canopy spread, and number of branches at different growth stages showed no significant differences between the two systems. However, yield-related traits were slightly affected by the cropping pattern. Sole Naga chilli cultivation produced the highest yield (9.69 t/ha), while the agroforestry system yielded 8.74 t/ha, indicating a minor reduction (9.80%). BARI Malta-1plants in the agroforestry setup showed steady growth, with plant height and stem diameter increasing by 59.51% and 88.73%, respectively, over the one-year observation. The cultivation of Naga chilli in an agroforestry system had no significant effect on the yield and yield components of BARI Malta-1plants. When intercropped with Naga chilli, BARI Malta-1 produced a yield of 13.00 t/ha, compared to 14.73 t/ha under sole cropping, resulting in a yield reduction of 13.73%. The study concludes that integrating BARI Malta-1 with Naga chilli in an agroforestry system can serve as a sustainable and efficient alternative to highland cropping in Bangladesh, contributing to improved food and nutrition security