Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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The Impact of Biochar and Olive Mill Wastewater Amendments on Soil Physical and Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Soybean Productivity in the Syrian Coast
Full text linkOne of the most critical problems facing countries in the Mediterranean basin and posing restrictions on agricultural production is poor soil quality caused by low organic matter content (OM). Biochar, a carbon-enriched material obtained by pyrolysis of agricultural wastes proved to be efficient in soil improvement. On the other hand, olive mill wastewater (OMWW) is a byproduct of olive oil production. The combined use of these materials will reduce environmental damage paving the way to sustainable agriculture and may also offer a practical solution for enhancing soil physical properties. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of biochar and OMWW on the physical and hydrodynamic characteristics of a loam soil in the syrian coast. A field experiment was carried out using four rates of biochar (0, 1, 3, and 6 t ha-1) and three levels of OMWW (0, 50, and 100 m3 ha-1). Results showed that with increasing the levels of biochar and OMWW the soil bulk density (BD) and pores containing unavailable water <0.2 μm (PUW) decreased reachig the highest significant reduction at the biochar dose of 6 t ha-1 and OMWW level of 100 m3 ha-1 in comparison to the control. On the other hand, the combined supply of 100 m3 ha-1 OMWW and 6 t ha-1 of biochar led hydrodynamic constants (a and b) to increase indicating enhanced water absorption capacity for plants. Moreover, the soil total porosity (TP) increased significantly by (10.5%v), pores containing plant available water (0.2-10 μm) (PAW) (4.2%v) and macropores (soil air capacity) >10 μm (9.2%v) after adding 100 m3 ha-1 of OMWW and soil biochar addition at 6 t ha-1, also soybean productivity rose by (%222.187)
Chronic Kidney Disease in a Dog: A Case Report
Full text linkThis report describes a 10-year-old Labrador Retriever dog who was found to have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Classic CKD signs, such as weight loss, increased thirst, decreased appetite and frequent urine were observed in the patient. Tests in the lab revealed proteinuria coupled with increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. The renal cortex displayed structural changes measuring 7.5 mm on ultrasound. Radiographic evaluation revealed an enlarged heart, with the vertebral heart score (VHS) elevated at 12.5v in the right lateral view, exceeding the reference range of 10.2–11.4v. Additionally, cardiac troponin-I levels were elevated, further supporting evidence of cardiac involvement. A comprehensive treatment plan was initiated. Medication to control blood pressure, supportive care for secondary problems, and a renal diet to reduce protein and phosphorus consumption. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment and make the required modifications, routine monitoring of kidney function and general health was essential. Two months later, all the biochemical parameters improved and the renal cortex returned to normal, measuring 6.3 mm. Additionally, cardiac troponin-I levels and heart size, as indicated by the VHS score, normalized to 10.5v, reflecting the positive response to long-term therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated cardiac complications. This case underscores the critical need for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment in dogs with CKD to enhance quality of life and extend lifespan
Low-Cost Stroke Care is Possible? Let’s Rethink How We Deliver It
No full textStroke remains one of the leading causes of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries, including parts of the Middle East, the growing incidence of stroke poses significant clinical and economic burdens on both healthcare systems and families. As stroke care continues to advance, the associated hospital costs-driven by emergency imaging, specialized medications, prolonged ICU stays, and post-acute rehabilitation, often place unsustainable financial strain on institutions and patients alike.
This opinion paper aims to highlight the urgent need for rethinking the current stroke care model, with a specific focus on cost efficiency without compromising clinical outcomes. Drawing on hospital-level observations, multidisciplinary insights, and emerging literature, we explore systemic inefficiencies, such as delays in triage, underutilization of standardized stroke pathways, and the absence of coordinated post-discharge planning. These gaps not only affect patient outcomes but also unnecessarily inflate hospital costs.
We advocate for a pragmatic shift toward delivering low-cost, high-quality stroke care. Recommendations include the implementation of evidence-based stroke bundles, early activation of rapid response protocols, staff simulation training for timely interventions, and integration of community-based rehabilitation strategies. Institutional audits on stroke-related costs and outcomes, investment in telemedicine, and stronger interdisciplinary collaboration can also contribute to sustainable improvements.
Ultimately, this paper calls on healthcare leaders, policymakers, and clinicians to embrace innovation and efficiency in stroke management. By focusing on smarter resource utilization and patient-centered care pathways, hospitals can reduce costs and improve recovery outcomes for stroke patients. High-quality care does not have to be high-cost if we rethink how we deliver it
Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L): A Comprehensive Review of Its Nutritional Profile and Therapeutic Potential
No full textWheatgrass, the young grass of the common wheat plant, has gained significant recognition as a "superfood" and a vital component in traditional and modern medicine. Often referred to as "green blood" due to the high concentration and structural similarity of its chlorophyll to human haemoglobin, wheatgrass is a nutritional powerhouse. This review systematically analyses its rich phytochemical and nutritional composition, including chlorophyll, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and amino acids, and evaluates the contemporary scientific evidence supporting its purported therapeutic applications. Research indicates promising pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and cardioprotective effects (Tamraz et al., 2024). While small-scale clinical trials and in-vitro/in-vivo studies suggest potential benefits in managing chronic conditions like thalassemia, ulcerative colitis, and various metabolic disorders where clinical trials are necessary to validate these claims and establish standardised clinical recommendations. Wheatgrass—young shoots of Triticum aestivum—has gained attention as a nutrient-dense microgreen and nutraceutical. It contains concentrated vitamins, minerals, chlorophyll, amino acids, and a variety of phytochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids). In vitro, animal, and limited human studies indicate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hematopoietic and possible adjunctive anticancer effects, while cultivation and processing strongly influence its composition. This review summarises current evidence on composition, mechanisms of action, clinical data and safety, highlights major knowledge gaps, and suggests directions for future research
Economic Analysis and Supply Chain of Backyard Pig Rearing in Tribal Households of Rangamati District, Bangladesh
Full text linkThis study investigates the economic analysis of pig farming on the livelihoods of tribal women at the Belaichhari Upazila of Rangamati district. The study aims to assess how pig rearing improves the economic status of tribal women and enhances their knowledge of pig husbandry practices. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire using a purposive sampling technique. The research employs descriptive and econometric statistical analysis to evaluate the socio-economic characteristics and the profitability of pig farmers. The findings reveal most of the farmers are from the Chakma community (66%) and 22% and 12% are from Tanchangya and Marma community, respectively. 72% of pig farmers are from age range of 21-30 and 31-40 which indicates participation young population in pig farming. The study shows that net return and gross margin were 19216.96 BDT and 19332.12 BDT, respectively indicating profit of the farm. A bene-fit-cost ratio (BCR) of 3.14 for full costs and 3.09 for cash costs basis, indicating that pig farming is economically profitable and sustainable in the region. Additionally, the study reveals six marketing channels for pig and pork, highlighting inefficiencies that reduce farmer profits, despite 40% using direct sales for better returns. Besides the study highlights the significant challenges faced by farmers, which could hinder the growth and sustainability of pig farming. The study concludes that pig farming plays an important role in improving the livelihoods of tribal women. Govt and non govt agencies should take further support for development and, enhance this sector sustainable and profitable
Perceived Impact of Lassa Fever Epidemic on Agricultural Livelihoods and the Farm Output of Smallholder Farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
No full textNumerous studies have been conducted on Lassa fever in Ebonyi State, yet none have focused on its impact on the agricultural activities and farm productivity of rural farmers. Consequently, this research aims to address that gap by using Ebonyi as a case study, given that the state is heavily dependent on agriculture. This investigation identifies the livelihood activities of farmers, the risk factors associated with Lassa fever, its effects on agricultural productivity, and coping strategies for outbreaks in the region. A total of 650 farmers were randomly selected for interaction through a random selection method. A questionnaire was employed to collect data from the farmers, which was then analyzed using percentages and presented in frequency tables, along with mean and standard deviation. The findings indicated that farmers are involved in cassava cultivation (96.9%), cereal farming (93.8%), yam production (89.2%), and charcoal production, among other activities. The identified risk factors for Lassa fever include individuals of all ages (94.3%), contact with infected individuals (90.9%), consumption of rats/rodents (96.9%), and residing in unsanitary conditions (83.8%). The outbreak of Lassa fever results in income loss (M = 3.30), leads to reduced land cultivation, causes food insecurity (M = 2.62), and limits access to food (M = 3.5), among other consequences. To manage the outbreak, farmers resort to backyard farming, buying goods on credit, migrating, and opting for cheaper food options
Prevalence of Misuse and Dependence of Codeine-Containing Products among Community Members in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
No full textThe misuse and dependency of codeine-containing products are increasing global concern. The improper use of codeine by members of society has a negative impact on the professionalism and moral character of these aspiring professionals, placing society at serious risk. This research sought to determine the extent of abuse and reliance on items containing codeine in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, society. The study was conducted between February 1 2023 to April 1, 2023 with 230 Saudi Arabian citizens in Jeddah, aged 20 to 60, male or female, participated in a cross-sectional survey utilizing a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Overall, the results of the recent investigations of the incidence of problematic usage of codeine analgesics and codeine-containing drugs in non-prescription medications are that approximately 24.5% of the sample community members in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, spontaneously requested the researched medications in the drugstores. The findings show that 86.7%) of people have taken codeine when they are in need, while others use it once a month, and the minority use it once a day but at the daily prescribed quantities. There were no overdoses among the participants. In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, there is an opportunity that the general people will misuse items that contain codeine. Thus, public education and policies that support preventive programs on medication misuse must be mandated and prescribed for all people
Green Entrepreneurship in Plastic Manufacturing: Pathways to Job Creation and Environmental Responsibility
Full text linkThis study examined the effect of green entrepreneurship on job creation in plastic manufacturing firms in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study set to determine the nature of relationship existing between green entrepreneurial innovation and job opportunity. Correlational research design was adopted. The population of the study comprised of 121 staff from the plastic manufacturing firms representing the three senatorial zones in Anambra State: Awka, Nnewi and Onitsha respectively. An interview was conducted which was later translated into a well-structured questionnaire which was used for data generation. The questionnaire was structured in five-likert scale of strongly agree, agree, undecided, strongly disagree and disagree to capture the responses of all the respondents that facilitated the analysis. The data gathered were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Formulated hypothesis was tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at 0.05 level of significance. Finding showed that green entrepreneurial innovation had a significant positive relationship with job opportunity in plastic manufacturing firms in Anambra State. The practical implications of the findings for policymakers, industry stakeholders and academia are that it can enhance competitiveness and sustainability by creating new market opportunities and employment in emerging sectors. Also, it prepares graduates to get fully involved in sustainable business practices that handles environmental challenges while creating jobs. The study concluded that green entrepreneurship had a significant positive relationship with job creation. Therefore, it was recommended that plastic manufacturing firms are adjured to embrace green entrepreneurship in all its entirety so that our environment can be sustained to benefit all stakeholders in particular and citizenry at large thereby preventing environmental damage
Mangroves as Coastal Defenders: Ecosystem Services and Conservation Imperatives
Full text linkMangroves are unique intertidal ecosystems found in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, that they provide habitat for a wide variety of aquatic and land animals. These ecosystems are extremely productive everywhere in the world while being delicate and rarely distributed. Mangroves have extremely developed morphological and physiological adaptations to adverse conditions to deal with such a hostile habitat. They maintain and protect coastal areas while nourishing the coastal water with nutrients. With rapid industrialization and urbanization, heavy metal pollution has become one of the most prominent problems in the ecological environment of mangrove ecosystems. The relatively high concentration of nutrients and metals suggests that water is in very dreadful condition, which will ultimately affect flora and fauna of this ecosystem
Comparative Physicochemical Analysis of Goat and Sheep Milk Using Ultrasonic Milk Analyser: A Breed-Specific Evaluation
No full textGoat and sheep milk are recognised for their higher content of short- and medium-chain fatty acids, smaller fat globules, and richer protein fractions, making them valuable alternatives in human nutrition and specialised dairy processing. Milk is universally acknowledged as a nutritionally complete food, providing essential macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for human growth and development. The present study aimed to assess and compare the physicochemical properties of goat and sheep milk using an ultrasonic milk analyser, with a focus on identifying nutritional differences relevant for dairy processing and consumer health. Milk samples were collected from four goat breeds—Barbari, Beetal, Jamunapari, and crossbred varieties—as well as from Corriedale × Sonadi crossbred sheep. For each breed, 15 milk samples were collected twice daily (morning and evening), and analysed for fat, solid-not-fat (SNF), total solids, protein, lactose, density, titratable acidity, pH, specific gravity, and freezing point.
Results indicated a significantly higher concentration of all major nutritional parameters in sheep milk compared to goat milk. Sheep milk exhibited the highest fat content (6.83% morning; 6.82% evening), SNF (9.64%), total solids (16.46%), protein (5.39%), and lactose (4.83%), compared to the goat breeds, which showed relatively lower and breed-dependent values. Among goats, Jamunapari milk recorded the highest fat (3.94%) and protein (3.79%) content. Density and freezing point were also higher in sheep milk (1.033 g/cm³; –0.585°C) than in goat milk (1.028–1.029 g/cm³; –0.562 to –0.569°C). pH and titratable acidity were within acceptable dairy standards, with sheep milk showing slightly higher pH (6.71) and acidity (0.173%).
The findings underscore the superior nutritive value of sheep milk, especially in terms of fat and protein, making it highly suitable for specialised dairy products like cheese and yoghurt. Goat milk, particularly from the Jamunapari breed, remains a valuable option for consumers seeking digestible and moderately rich milk. The study contributes to the optimisation of milk utilisation strategies for small ruminants and supports the promotion of goat and sheep milk in the functional food and nutraceutical sectors. Overall, the study emphasises the importance of breed selection in dairy livestock management and offers valuable insights for dairy farmers, nutritionists, food technologists, and the functional dairy product industry