Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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Morphological and Productivity Characteristics of Tobacco Varieties as Influenced by Potassium Humate (k-humate) and Sorbitol under Drought Stress Conditions
Get PDFThe experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Scientific Agricultural Research Station (Setkhiris-Latakia), using seedlings of three tobacco varieties (Virginia VK51- Burley R21 - Katrina) and treating them with concentrations (0- 5- 15 %) of polyethylene glycol (PEG-600) and foliar spraying with a concentration of 0.5 g/L of potassium humate (k-humate) and sorbitol. The aim of this research was to determine the response of some morphysiological and productivity characteristics under the effect of the most harmful level of drought stress induced by PEG-600 and spraying with potassium humate and sorbitol. The drought stress (PEG 5 %), as well as foliar spraying with 0.5 g/L of potassium humate and sorbitol, led to a significant increase in plant height (cm), plant leaves area PLA (cm2/plant), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate CGR (g/m2/day) and weight of dry leaves (g/plant). While drought stress (PEG 15 %) caused a significant decrease in the values of all the studied traits. A significant increase in the studied traits compared to the PEG 5 and 15 % treatments alone was recorded when plant foliar sprayed with potassium humate and sorbitol. Thus, it can suggested application treatment with PEG 5 %, foliar spraying with potassium humate (k-humate) or sorbitol at a concentration of 0.5 g/L to stimulate plant growth and reduce the damaging effects of drought stress
Evaluation of Barley and Wheat Crops Land Suitability Using GIS and Remote Sensing Technologies: The Case of Duna District, Central Ethiopia Region, Ethiopia
Get PDFThe assessment of the suitability of arable land for sustainable intensive agriculture sustainable agricultural production using GIS and RS methods is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the ultimate aim of this study was to evaluate the land suitability analysis of wheat and barley crops using GIS and remote sensing techniques in Duna district, southern Ethiopia. This study used secondary data types (land use, land cover, topography, soil, climate, and management factors. A weighted cumulative overlay analysis was then used to assess the crop produced to determine the suitability map in a GIS environment. The factors/criteria were evaluated in five classes from very suitable, up to permanently not suitable. The result of the determination showed that 115 km2 (51.7%), 120, 6 km2 (54.2%) and 95.4 km2 (43.84%), 18.3 km2 (8.22%) and 14.6 km2 (6.7%) and 75.5 km2 (33.9 %) of the study area were predominantly well suited, suitable and conditionally suitable for barley and wheat production, which exceeded 60% of the study area. Based on the analysis, there was extensive land suitable for wheat and barley cultivation in the district based on the current situation (factors). According to the result, it is concluded that favorable climate, suitable soil characteristics, suitability of existing arable land, better elevation, slope, and others were responsible for land suitability for the crops. For this reason, for the sustainability of land productivity and crop production, various incentives should be set by the concerning bodies and various stakeholders to improve the usability of the land according to the suitability assessment of this study
Exploring Root Traits for Efficient Early Nutrient Uptake of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Genotypes Grown under Soil Moisture Stressed and Nutrient Limited Soils: A Root Chamber Experiment
Get PDFExtreme drought condition is a serious challenge for agricultural production and is threatening food security in sub-Saharan countries. Plant rooting system has a considerable role in ensuring crop yield under nutrient-depleted soils and extreme weather events. For instance, a narrow root angle has been suggested to improve sorghum yield in drought regions. A higher root number and root hair density have also been proposed for nutrient acquisition under low soil fertility. Drought coupled with nutrient depletion is the most limiting abiotic factor which reduces crop production in the sub-Saharan region. Hence, there is still a need for knowledge to elucidate which root traits are important in optimizing nutrient uptake at low soil fertility and moisture stress environments. This thesis investigated the variations in root length, root angle, and root intensity among sorghum genotypes and their relationship to phosphorous (P) uptake under different soil nutrient and moisture status. Accordingly, twenty sorghum genotypes were selected, and the treatments were arranged in a split-split plot design. Significant genetic variability was found between the root traits (P<0.0001) and P uptake (P<0.0001). Nutrient application and a higher moisture level increased shoot biomass and P uptake (P<0.01) but had a limited effect on the root traits. Long root enhanced P uptake under low soil nutrient availability and moisture-stress environments (R2 = 0.194; p = 0.03). A wider root angle also ensured efficient P uptake, particularly under high soil nutrient and moisture levels. Unlike the expectation, root intensity had a limited effect on P uptake, irrespective of soil nutrient and moisture status. The findings of this thesis demonstrated the functional links between root traits and P uptake under various soil nutrient and moisture levels. Thus, genotype selection using root traits could be one of the breeding strategies to optimize P utilization in drought environments and low-input cropping systems
Effect of Endosulfan on the Biodegradation and Bioaccumulation of Pesticides
Get PDFIn present investigation the persistent use of chemicals, pesticides and insecticides caused drastic and lethal effects on the non-targeted animals and environment. The pesticides which are considered to be recalcitrant endosulfan and chloropyrifos which are used extensively in paddy field can be degraded by microorganisms. In the study, the isomers of endosulfan are alpha, beta and sulfate are thoroughly studied. Besides the indicator animal used in the present study was Cyprinus carpio. The fish exposed to the pesticides was treated with micro-organisms to degrade and to assess the presence of pesticides in muscles, tissues and gills. The micro- organisms employed for the degradation study was isolated from paddy field soil, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has highly degrading ability. The other pesticides used was carbaryl commonly called sevin. The study further extended to assess the protein content in different treatments. It was found out that bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa degraded effectively leading to enhanced protein content rather compared to control treated experiments. The present study recorded that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa degrade upto 30.94% of endosulfan in 30 days
Analyzing the Profitability of Crop Rotation Patterns in Peshawar, Pakistan
Get PDFA study was conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on comparison of six cropping patterns (CP1 to CP6). The study utilized the data that were used to find out the total cost of input-output from the six cropping patterns taken from the official record, of ARF, University of Agriculture Peshawar for the 2020-21 seasons. The objective of the study was to compare six different cropping patterns to determine the most profitable options for farmers in the region. Findings showed that the area allocated to berseem crop and berseem (2 cuts + seed) were 24 acres, where total input cost from berseem and berseem (2 cuts + seed) were Rs. 21,460 PKR and Rs. 21,220 PKR per acres, the total income from berseem and berseem (2 cuts + seed) were Rs. 69,000 PKR and Rs. 89,900 PKR per acres. The area allocated to oat crop and oats (1cuts + seed) were 18.5 acres, where total input cost from oat and oats (1cuts + seed) were Rs. 21,180 PKR per acres, the total income from oat and oats (1cuts + seed) were Rs. 45,500 PKR and 53,500 PKR per acres. The area allocated to wheat crop was 69 acres, where total input cost from wheat Rs. 29,450 PKR per acre, the total income from wheat Rs. 66,286 PKR per acre. The area allocated to brassica crop was 5 acres, where total input cost from brassica Rs. 25,950 PKR per acre, the total income from brassica Rs. 34,090 PKR per acres. The area allocated to maize (fodder) crop was 15 acres from CP2 and CP6, where total input cost from maize (fodder) Rs. 23,100 PKR from CP2 and Rs. 23,800 PKR from CP6 per acre, the total income from maize (fodder) Rs. 31,200 PKR per acres generated both from CP2 and CP6. The area allocated to maize (grain) crop was 16 acres, where total input cost from maize Rs. 26,056 PKR per acre, the total income from maize Rs. 32,900 PKR per acres generated from CP1, CP2 and CP5 and Rs. 32,830 PKR per acres generated from CP3, CP4 and CP6. The grand total income from CP1 and CP2 crops were Rs. 101,900 PKR and Rs. 109,600 PKR. The net income attained from CP1 and CP2 were Rs. 54,384 PKR and Rs. 39,264 PKR. The grand total income from CP3 and CP4 crops generated were Rs. 122,730 PKR and Rs. 86,330 PKR. The net income attained from CP3 and CP4 were Rs. 75,454 PKR and Rs. 39,094 PKR. The grand total income from CP5 and CP6 crops were Rs. 99,117 PKR and Rs. 98,120 PKR. The net income attained from CP5 and CP6 were Rs. 43,611 PKR and Rs. 21,614 PKR. The above results showed that CP1, CP3 and CP5 are the highest yielding and net income generating patterns than CP2, CP4 and CP6 overall the total income generated from CP3 was highest among all cropping patterns in Peshawar region. It was concluded that CP3= Berseem (2cuts + seed) --Maize (grain) was more remunerative followed by all other patterns and are highly recommended for sowing on vast area for the farmers in Peshawar region subject to high net income
Determinants of Savings and Credit Cooperatives on Financial Intermediation
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to estimate the determinants of Saving and Credit Cooperatives on financial intermediation: a case study of Dalocha Woreda, Siltie Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional research design with a mixed research approach was used in the study. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect the required data from 264 cooperative members. A binary logistic model was used to estimate the determinants of saving and credit cooperatives on financial intermediation. The availability of defaulters, according to descriptive statistics, was the main challenge that hamper Saving and Credit cooperatives. According to the binary logistic result, the main determinants of Saving and Credit Cooperatives on financial intermediation in the study area were gender, education level, farm income, access to extension services, year of membership, distance, and livestock amount in Total livestock unit. Except for the distance to the cooperative, all significant factors have a positive impact on financial intermediation. As a result, the researcher suggests that appropriate interventions be implemented in the study area
Tutorial on Bayesian optimization
Get PDFMachine learning forks into three main branches such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning where reinforcement learning is much potential to artificial intelligence (AI) applications because it solves real problems by progressive process in which possible solutions are improved and finetuned continuously. The progressive approach, which reflects ability of adaptation, is appropriate to the real world where most events occur and change continuously and unexpectedly. Moreover, data is getting too huge for supervised learning and unsupervised learning to draw valuable knowledge from such huge data at one time. Bayesian optimization (BO) models an optimization problem as a probabilistic form called surrogate model and then directly maximizes an acquisition function created from such surrogate model in order to maximize implicitly and indirectly the target function for finding out solution of the optimization problem. A popular surrogate model is Gaussian process regression model. The process of maximizing acquisition function is based on updating posterior probability of surrogate model repeatedly, which is improved after every iteration. Taking advantages of acquisition function or utility function is also common in decision theory but the semantic meaning behind BO is that BO solves problems by progressive and adaptive approach via updating surrogate model from a small piece of data at each time, according to ideology of reinforcement learning. Undoubtedly, BO is a reinforcement learning algorithm with many potential applications and thus it is surveyed in this research with attention to its mathematical ideas. Moreover, the solution of optimization problem is important to not only applied mathematics but also AI
Machine Learning for SPAM Detection
Get PDFIn practically every industry today, from business to education, emails/messages are used. Ham and spam are the two subcategories of emails/messages. Email or message spam, often known as junk email or unwelcome email, is a kind of message that can be used to hurt any user by sapping their time and computing resources and stealing important data. Spam messages volume is rising quickly day by day. Today's email and IoT service providers face huge and massive challenges with spam identification and filtration. Spam filtering is one of the most important and well-known methods among all the methods created for identifying and preventing spam. This has been accomplished using a number of machine learning and deep learning techniques, including Naive Bayes, decision trees, neural networks, and random forests. By categorizing them into useful groups, this study surveys the machine learning methods used for spam filtering. Based on accuracy, precision, recall, etc., a thorough comparison of different methods is also made
Is Creativity Better Promoted among Gifted Students by Exclusive Schools, Exclusive Classes, or Integrated Classes? A Qualitative Study in Saudi Arabia
Get PDFPromoting students' creativity is a vital goal of many educational institutions. Recent research, however, has shown that not all schools are successful in enhancing student creativity, and schools in Saudi Arabia are no exception. This qualitative research was conducted to achieve an understanding of how creativity is promoted among gifted students in Saudi Arabia in three different school-settings for gifted students. Data were collected from observations and interviews and analysed in two separate and successive phases. Phase one involved observations of classroom practices in three different school settings for gifted students and within two different pedagogical contexts, curricular and extracurricular lessons. Phase two examined the experiences and perspectives of the teachers and gifted students. Results reported similarities in the practices of promoting creativity across the three school settings for most themes under the conceptual framework of this research, however, the student-centred approach used in the inclusive class had a seemingly more positive impact on promoting creativity. Regarding the type of lesson, the extracurricular lessons seemed to promote creativity more than the curricular lessons. The study highlighted deficiencies in the current physical environment of the classroom in Saudi Arabia for promoting creativity. Implications include beneficial practices for promoting self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation among gifted students which, in turn, promotes their creativity according to the framework used in this study. The implications also include the benefit of extracurricular lessons and student-centred learning to promote creativity in schools in Saudi Arabia. 
Hemato-biochemical and Endocrinological Changes during Late Pregnancy in Cows
Get PDFDuring the course of gestation, hormonal, biochemical and hematological alterations take place for the care of the growing fetus and to prepare the mother for parturition. This study aims to determine hematological, biochemical, and hormonal alterations during late pregnancy. This study involved 10 Holstein Friesian (cross) cows which are in later stage of pregnancy and 10 non-pregnant Holstein Friesian (cross) cows of different cattle farms of Chattogram, Bangladesh Blood samples were collected from the tail vein and serum was tested to analyze various hematological, biochemical parameters and hormonal changes with commercially available kits. Statistically significant (P<0.05) observations are found in Hemoglobin (g/dl), Hematocrit (%), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) level and platelet counts between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. However, only glucose was observed to be greater in pregnant cows among the biochemical parameters. Furthermore, estrogen altitude in pregnant cows was increased significantly (P<0.05) whereas progesterone was reduced non-significantly (P>0.05) in the later stage of pregnant cows. Conclusively, for the betterment of the cows with their infants, it is comprehensible to learn those parameters for the prevention of postpartum complications