Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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The Significance of Polymeric Ligand Exchange (PLE) Technique for Arsenic Removal from Polluted Groundwater: A Review
Get PDFPresently, the global concern over the toxic effects of arsenic and its wide distribution is particularly pronounced in India. This study adopts a specialized geochemical perspective to shed light on the issue. Groundwater in the northeastern states of India has been found to contain notably high concentrations of arsenic (ranging from 50 to 986 μg/l). This geographical region has come under scrutiny due to the escalating worldwide apprehension about arsenic toxicity and its pervasive presence of particular distress is the substantial disparity between the observed arsenic levels and the recommended limits defined by authoritative bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), which have set the acceptable arsenic levels in drinking water at 10 μg/l and 50 μg/l, respectively. In response to this critical situation, diverse techniques tailored for targeted removal of arsenic have emerged. These techniques encompass a range of processes including precipitation, adsorption, and modified iron-based and ligand exchange methods.
The inherent characteristics of various arsenic species further compound the challenge of selectively eliminating arsenic, especially when dealing with natural environmental contexts. Notably, hydrated Fe(III) oxides have played a vital role in most selective removal techniques through the mechanism of Lewis acid-base interaction. In this context, a pioneering approach known as Polymeric Ligand Exchange (PLE) has surfaced. This method has exhibited promising results by selectively extracting arsenic from drinking water, even in the presence of formidable competing anions such as sulfate. The efficacy of PLE in overcoming this complex chemical milieu marks a significant stride in the ongoing efforts to mitigate the arsenic contamination crisis
Study of Monthly Variations of Some Physicochemical Parameters of Yamuna River Water and Paliwal Park Lake Water at Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Get PDFWater quality of Yamuna river (Hathi Ghat) water and Paliwal Park lake water at Agra, Uttar Pradesh were studied for period of eight months (February 2023 to August 2023) on the basis of monthly sampling. Various physicochemical parameters, such as water temperature, air temperature, pH, humidity, electric conductivity, total dissolved solid, dissolved oxygen, total hardness and turbidity were studied. The results revealed that the water samples did not meet the drinking water standards. The aim of this study was to analyze the monthly variations in Physicochemical Parameters of Yamuna river water and Paliwal Park lake water at Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
The Role of Agricultural Cooperatives in Rural Household Food Security in Digalu-Tijo District, Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis research was conducted to assess the role of agricultural cooperatives in rural household food security in Digalu-Tijo District, Oromia, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional survey research design was used and the necessary primary data were collected from 234 households through a household questionnaire. The determined sample size was identified using a systematic random sampling technique. Similarly, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used as data collection instruments and participants were identified based on purposive sampling. Secondary data were also collected from concerned organizations, published and unpublished materials. Statistical tools like percentage, mean, standard deviation and cross-tab analysis were applied in the study as methods of analyzing the data. The result of the study revealed that agricultural cooperatives have provided different services to rural households including broad bed maker technology, fertilizer, improved seed, and agrochemicals after they joined the cooperative as a member while there were gaps in providing credit, cooperative loans, and training. It has been also found that food accessibility in rural households has increased after their membership with cooperative institutions and similar results have been found with respect to the food stability of the farmers. Therefore, from the findings, it is concluded that agricultural cooperatives play significant roles in improving rural household food security. The study recommended that the contribution of agricultural cooperatives should further strengthen through awareness creation as well as regular monitoring and evaluation
Ability of the Leaves of Laurus nobilis L. to Accumulate Some Mineral Elements (Heavy Metals and Micronutrients) in Different Sites of Syria
Get PDFThis study was conducted in the years (2019-2020) to know the mineral compositions of the leaves of L. nobilis L. in two geographically and climatically different sites: Kassab in Lattakia and Al-Ghab in Hama by Atommic absorbtion device (Spectroghotometer). The results have shown that the percentages of some macro- and micro-elements of the powder of Laurus leaves for the two sites were as follows: Zn (27.76-41.97) mg/kg, Fe (160.32-195.95) mg/kg, Mn (30.07-30.19) mg/kg, Cu (12.54-20.43) mg/kg, Pb (7.01-8.01) mg/kg, Cr (1.73-2.48) mg/kg, Cd (0.32-0.33), Ni (5.97-6.01) mg/kg, As (2.82-2.96) mg/kg and Mg (0.16-0.175) mg/kg, whereas no presence of Co in Laurus leaves
Attractiveness of Spodoptera frugiperda and Agrotis ipsilon Moths to Different Essential Oils Using Y-tube
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to determine the attractiveness of female and male moths of fall armyworms (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda(Smith), and black cutworms (BCW), Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel). A Y-tube olfactometer was used in laboratory studies when given a choice between control (distilled water) and essential oils. Rearing each of the fall armyworm and black cutworm for several generations in the laboratory Larvae were fed on castor bean leaves for more than 15 generations at a temperature of 26 ± 1°C and a relative humidity of 65± 5% to obtain a sensitive strain until reaching the pupae stage and the exit of the moths. Then the 15 male moths were separated from the 15 female moths. 50µ L / of each oil was placed on a filter paper, and similarly distilled water was used in the control treatment. The results showed Rosemary was highly attractive, with 66.6% for female moths, Lemongrass, Eucalyptus (Kafur), and Thyme (73.3%) for male moths, while Marjoram and a mixture of oils were more repellent for male moths of S. frugiperda. Geranium oil (60%) was recorded as attractive for female A. ipsilon moths; Chamomile oil attracted 80% of BCW male moths. On the other hand, Basil and Lemongrass (66.6%) were found to be repellent to BCW male moths. Therefore, this study can be used in the field to attract moths' females only inside the pheromone trap and also increase the rate of moths' male attraction. These results are considered effective within the framework of integrated pest management, where eco-friendly oils can be used at a simple and inexpensive rate in the field to reduce the damage caused by the targeted pests during integrated pest management
Reasons and Legal Framework that Motivates the People to Participate the Informal Sector Urban SNNP Region of Ethiopia: Evidence from Street Vendors
Get PDFThe informal sector's contribution to the Ethiopian economy was the primary subject of this study. It clarified the rationale and legal basis guiding their decision to pursue this line of activity. The study's primary data were obtained from 388 street vendors who reside in the Urban SNNP region by using multi-stage sampling procedures that involved systematic and purposeful sampling strategies. Accordingly, thorough interviews with street vendors and accountable government officials were conducted in order to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. In order to examine the data, the study used both descriptive and econometric methods, such as multinomial logistic regression models and descriptive statistics.
The findings indicated that the respondents' entry into the street vending business was primarily motivated by their desire for employment, their desire to avoid paying taxes and registration fees, their desire to make a profit that was reasonable, and their inability to meet the demanding requirements for entry into the formal sector. According to the results of the study's 2 test, some of these factors were statistically significant. The study's findings showed that factors such as age, education level, prior job experience, vending location, transportation options, future plans or prospects, marital status, the number of dependents in the family, customers' status, and the type of goods sold all had a significant impact on someone's decision to enter the street vending business. Additionally, other sources of income, racial background, and initial investment with street vendors had no bearing on their participation in the vending industry.
On the other side, the business performance of street vendors was adversely impacted by education level, harassment, and financial restraints. The study demonstrates how important street vending is to Ethiopia's efforts to combat urban poverty and unemployment in the urban SNNP region. The study also suggests a proactive and advantageous growth approach to support the street vending industry so that it can expand and operate freely
Effect of Extraction Temperature and the Type of Solvent on the Phenolic Content, Anti-Oxidant Capacity, and Flow Indicators for the Mucilage Extracted from the Root of Althaea sp.
Get PDFThis research was conducted at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center and Tishreen University - Faculty of Agriculture in Lattakia in the summer of 2021-2022. The research aimed to show the effect of the incubation temperature and the type of solvent used in extracting the mucilage powder of the Althaea sp root, on its content of phenols, its antioxidant capacity, and flow indicators. These six transactions are (Water at room temperature + isopropanol A, water at 40°C ˚ + isopropanol B, water at 60°C + isopropanol C, room temperature water + ethanol D, water at 40°C ˚ + ethanol E, water at 60°C ˚ + ethanol F. The results showed that increasing the incubation temperature increased the phenol content and the antioxidant capacity of the powder obtained from the marshmallow root when both solvents used in the extraction. Treatment C (60°C) temperature and isopropanol) got the highest average of phenol content and antioxidant capacity, at 60 mg/100g, 55.66%. The incubation temperature did not affect an average of the flow indicators, while the type of solvent affected them. The results show that the powders from extraction with isopropanol had higher flow indicators than the powder produced when extracting with ethanol, and the values of the Hausner index and the compression modulus were 1.17 and 17.64%, respectively
Application of POM-QM for Windows and Multiple ARC Network Model for Scheduling in a Single-Stage, Multi-Item Compatible Process
Get PDFThe importance of scheduling in the industrial world is growing rapidly. Customer-driven production scheduling is the need of the hour in the present business environment. The criteria generally considered are to maximize production volume while keeping in view the customers’ requirements and not to lose focus on maximizing profits as well as maximizing machine utilization. In order to retain major customers, the customers are categorized as either priority customers or normal customers. The production planning takes into account the customers’ orders, keeping in mind the nature of customers, viz., priority or normal. A production environment involving a given set of machines in a single-stage, multi-item compatible process is considered. The problem of scheduling in such an environment, with the objective of maximizing capacity utilization has been formulated [1] as a maximal flow problem in a Multiple Arc Network (MAN). The model generates an optimal production schedule with the goal of maximizing capacity utilization, ensuring that customer-wise delivery schedules are met while keeping customer priorities in mind. Implementation of the MAN System modeling has been built using POM-QM software for Windows V5. The application of the software is demonstrated using two examples. The QM software can be used by managers for any scaled-up operations to obtain production schedules
How Fiscal Policies Influence Enterprise Financing in China: A Financial Ecological Environment Perspective
Get PDFThe development of the real economy is closely related to financing efficiency. In China, government subsidies and tax and fee reductions are regular fiscal policies in China. This paper applies factor analysis method and fixed effects model(FEM) to verify the impact of government subsidies and tax incentives on enterprise financing efficiency. Through descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, it can be found that: (1) The level of financing efficiency of non-state-owned enterprises is higher than that of state-owned enterprises, but the difference is significantly larger than that of state-owned enterprises. (2) Government subsidies and tax incentives can improve the financing efficiency of enterprises, and the quality of financial ecological environment can improve the degree of positive impact. (3) The nature of property rights has a negative effect on the impact of government subsidies on corporate financing efficiency, and the quality of financial ecological environment can weaken this negative effect.
This paper also puts forward some suggestions. For the government: (1) Pay attention to the fairness and efficiency of fiscal policies; (2) Guide state-owned enterprises to establish a sound incentive mechanism; (3) Promote the construction of regional financial ecological environment; (4) Establish a market information platform. For enterprises: (1) Improve the ability of independent management; (2) Actively improve the internal incentive mechanism; (3) Attaches great importance to the construction of enterprise credit level
Assessment of Market and Marketing System of Raw Camel Milk in Gursum District, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study was conducted with the aim of assessing the milk market and the marketing chain in the Gursum district, Somali regional state. The research applied both quantitative and qualitative methods to clarify concepts, characteristics, descriptions, and counts. Data presented in the study are obtained from primary and secondary sources. The sample was taken from 3 purposely selected Kebeles. The participants in this study had a total sample size of 90 respondents, of which 45 were chosen from producers in rural areas and the other 45 from milk collecting centers. Using questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews from each kebele were conducted. The overall mean price of raw camel milk in one liter was (13.05±2) birr/liter in the wet season and (20.15±3.76) birr/liter in the dry season. According to the findings on milking transportation, 79 (87.75%) of the respondents transported plastic containers, 3 (3.3%) steel cans, 4 (4.4%) aluminum cans, and 4 (4.5%) traditional containers. About 48 (53.4%) of the milk processing equipment types used plastic containers, 35 (38.9%) used steel cans, and 7 (7.5%) used aluminum cans. The majority of respondents, or study participants, mentioned several milk constraints, with about 67 (74.45%) citing a lack of markets, 5 (5.55%) citing a low price for their goods, 6 (6.65%) citing a lack of suitable storage facilities, and 12 (13.35%) citing a lack of transportation.
According to the study's findings, the majority of participants said they traveled by donkey 75.6% of the time and carried their own bags 24.4% of the time. Milk collection centers, on the other hand, used vehicles to get to the town, and the cost of transportation was about 5 EB per 5 liters of milk for household producers and milk collection centers in the study area