Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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Effects of Different Compositions of Rice Straw on Nutrient Profile of Vermicompost and Fecundity of Earthworms (Eisenia fetida)
No full textThe present investigation was carried out to observe the effects of different compositions of rice straw on fecundity and population of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) using 100%, 90%, 80%, 70% of cow dung with 10%, 20%, 30% rice straw in 80-litre plastic tubs containing 100 adult earthworms for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, the total number of cocoons produced in E. fetida was higher (541±2.65) in 90% cow dung with 10% rice straw. The organic carbon (%) was highest in 100% cow dung (28.22±0.20) and lowest in 10 % rice straw + 90% cow dung (21.49±0.67) but nitrogen % was highest in 10 % rice straw (1.466± 0.009) followed by 20 % rice straw (1.37± 0.015), 30 % rice straw (1.33± 0.0057) and control (1.28 ±0.01). The C/N ratio was maximum in control (22.05± 0.33), followed by 30 % rice straw (20.38± 0.54), 20 % rice straw (17.41± 0.62) and 10 % rice straw (14.66± 0.37). The total phosphorus (%) was highest in 10 % rice straw (1.363± 0.025), followed by 20 % rice straw (1.18±0.025), 30 % rice straw (0.81± 0.03) and control (0.72± 0.0055). A similar trend was observed in total Potassium, where 10 % rice straw (1.95 ±0.02) had the highest total potassium, followed by 20 % rice straw (1.84± 0.019), 30 % rice straw (1.76 ±0.035) and control (1.46± 0.025). Hence, the addition of rice straw has a significant effect on the total number of cocoons produced and population of E. fetida in comparison to the control. The organic carbon (%) and C/N ratio were recorded highest in the control group and lower in treatments having rice straw and cow dung, but nitrogen %, total potassium and total phosphorus % were highest in 10 % rice straw followed by 20 % rice straw, 30 % rice straw and control
Microbial Pollution in the Muscle Tissue of Siganus rivulatus from the Syrian Coast
No full textThe marine environment plays an essential role in providing food resources, yet it is highly vulnerable to microbial contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial load in the muscle tissue of Siganus rivulatus collected from two coastal sites in Tartous, Syria, and to identify the dominant microbial species. Fish samples were collected seasonally from September 2023 to August 2024. Total aerobic plate count (TAPC) and selective culture media were used for microbial identification. Results showed that the microbial load, ranged between (0.7×102 - 3×102) cfu/g. It was higher at Tartous Corniche site, with the highest values recorded during summer. Detected microorganisms included Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella sp., and Pseudomonas spp., all within the permissible limits of the Syrian Standard (10⁵–10⁶ cfu/g). These findings indicate that the fish are generally safe for human consumption, although continuous monitoring is recommended
Neuron Specific Enolase and Serum Electrolytes in Comatose Patients
No full textBackground: Coma is a profound state of unconsciousness in which the patient cannot be roused by external stimuli. The metabolic fingerprint of comatose patients is essential to identify the underlying molecular pathways and to use as a basis for developing specific therapies. In this article, the metabolic alterations associated with coma were focused on, focusing in particular on key biomarkers and pathways of its pathogenesis.
Methods: The study included 32 comatose patients with varying underlying reasons. After 48 hours of coma, serum electrolytes and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were examined, the tests were repeated after 72-hour to determine the involvement of electrolytes and NSE in coma progression. The patients' coma outcomes were monitored using intensive care unit records.
Results: The results of the serum tests showed that there was a significant imbalance in the levels of Magnesium and Potassium, as they had decreased considerably. However, there was no significant change observed in the levels of Sodium during both tests. In addition, the levels of Calcium and neuron-specific enolase were found to be considerably increased. A moderate, positive correlation was observed between the duration of coma and the levels of neuron-specific enolase. On the other hand, a highly significant negative correlation was found between the levels of Calcium and Magnesium with the duration of the coma. This correlation was more pronounced in females. The cause of the brain injury also played a significant role in determining the outcome of the coma and its duration. For instance, patients with brain trauma due to road traffic accidents had a lower mortality rate and better prognosis than patients with anoxia or ischemia as the cause of coma. The latter group had worse outcomes such as death and vegetative states.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that etiology of TBI and electrolyte status in particular low magnesium, potassium together with high calcium and NSE are significant for the duration and outcome of coma and prediction
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Syzygium aromaticum against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae
No full textHerbal medicinal products have been documented as a significant source for discovering new pharmaceutical molecules that have been used to treat serious diseases. Many plant species have been reported to have pharmacological activities attributable to their phytoconstituents such are glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is a traditional spice that has been used for food preservation and possesses various pharmacological activities. S. aromaticum is rich in many phytochemicals as follows: sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbon, and phenolic compounds. Eugenyl acetate, eugenol, and β-caryophyllene are the most significant phytochemicals in clove oil. Clove essential oil has biological activity relevant to human health, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activity. This study was designed to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) seed at varying concentrations; against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Pseudomonas sp. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the S. aromaticum extracts was done using standard analytical methods. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of S. aromaticum were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against the isolates using agar well diffusion and broth dilution assay. The results of the phytochemical components revealed the presence of Alkaloids, flavonoids, Tannins, saponins, Glycosides, Terpenoids, and Phenol in the extracts. Ethanol extract of S. aromaticum displayed antibacterial activity against all the tested organisms with the highest activity (24mm at 100mg/ml concentration) on Pseudomonas sp. The aqueous extract of clove was found to be less active, though, it was active against all the organisms tested, with the highest activity on E. coli (2omm at 100mg/mL concentration). Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed MIC at 6.25 mg/mL on all the tested isolates except the aqueous extract against E. coli which showed MIC at 12.5 mg/ml. MBC was only observed on ethanolic extract against Salmonella sp. and S. aureus both at 6.25 mg/ml. The results provide a scientific basis for the centuries-old traditional usage of S. aromaticum
Study of the Hydroclimatic Information Needs of Rural Farmers in Aba Agricultural Zone of Abia State, Nigeria
No full textThis research examined the hydroclimatic information requirements of farmers in the Aba Agricultural zone of Abia State, Nigeria. Using a multistage sampling method, data were gathered from 140 participants across three Local Government Areas in the zone via structured questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, including mean, percentage, and frequency distribution tables. The study aimed to achieve several objectives: to pinpoint the sources of information regarding climate issues; to identify the hydroclimatic information necessities of the respondents; and to explore the perceived barriers to accessing hydroclimatic information. It was found that the respondents were aware of climate change, with radio, cooperative society, village meetings, fellow farmers, and extension agents being their primary sources of information. In contrast, the main climatic sign experienced by the farmers was an increase in temperature (62.9%) among others. The most significant hydroclimatic information needed in the study areas was related to the timing of rainfall (=3.36), along with the timing of high temperatures and guidance on when to plant. It was recommended that government agencies establish a hydroclimatic information system, provide training and capacity development, collaborate with extension services, and implement monitoring and evaluation practices
Unmasking Deception: Investigating the Rise and Impact of Deepfake Crimes in India
No full textWhile the modernity of the Internet has some advantages, it also has disadvantages. On one hand, while the world has gained speed, danger has also emerged. One of these dangers is Deepfake technology, which is being used for crime by creating hyper-realistic synthetic images, videos or audio using artificial intelligence. Deepfakes are not only being used to spread misinformation but also to commit new cybercrimes. Currently, this technology is being used as a powerful tool for digital arrest, political manipulation and defamation.
This research explores the emergence and growth of deepfake crimes in Indian society. In India, where digital penetration is increasing rapidly, deepfake crimes present unique socio-political and ethical challenges. This study examines public awareness, perceptions and impacts of deepfake technology in India through a survey of 80 respondents from various demographics. The research explores the extent of awareness, encounters with deepfakes, opinions on their societal threats, awareness of legal protections, and attitudes towards detection tools and regulatory measures
Contaminant Dynamics in the Muscle of the European Seabass from the Syrian Coast (Eastern Mediterranean) and Associated Human Health Risks
No full textFish are known to bio-accumulate heavy metals and, hence, when consumed, could become a threat to human health. In this study, accumulation of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in the muscle of Dicentrarchus labrax from the Syrian marine waters (Eastern Mediterranean) were assessed. Samples were collected from six different areas during two consecutive years, from March 2021 to February 2023. The desired hazard quotient and predicted daily intake were used to calculate health risk. Relatively near sources of industrial pollution, tourist attractions, and agricultural operations, heavy metal concentrations were greater. The concentration of Zn in the muscle was at reasonable levels for human consumption and ranged between 4.123-24.084 µg/g wet weight. Copper was found with an average ranging between 0.401-0.897 µg/g wet weight. The lead concentration was (0.245-0.619 µg/g wet weight), while Cadmium was the least concentrated (0.0081-0.0178 µg/g wet weight). These concentrations indicated that all heavy metals studied were in the permissible safety levels for human consumption, and within the limits allowed by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
Comparing the Role of Mineral Fertilizer, Organic Fertilizer and Rhizobacteria as Bio-fertilizers in Increasing the Tolerance of Maize Plants (Zea mays L.) to Water Stress
Full text linkThe research aimed to study the possibility of reducing the effect of water stress (1200, 800, 400 mbar) as Ѱ1, Ѱ2, Ѱ3, on yellow maize plants by using 8 rhizobacteria (B8) as biofertilizers (B8 Ѱ 1, B8 Ѱ 2, B8 Ѱ 3) and to compare it with mineral (M Ѱ1, M Ѱ2, M Ѱ3) and organic fertilizers (O Ѱ1, O Ѱ2, O Ѱ3). The research was carried out during the year 2021-2022 in the village of Al-Hanadi in Latakia Governorate. Yellow corn, Ghouta 82, was planted in experimental plots according to a randomized complete block design with three replications
The results showed a decrease in the growth and production of yellow maize plants in all treatments with increasing water stress, accompanied by an increase in the leaf content of total phenolics, proline and peroxidase activity. The plants treated with the B8 biofertilizer maintained the best growth and production with significant differences compared to mineral, organic and control fertilization. At the highest level of water stress Ѱ3, B8 biofertilizer achieved a production of 6.35 tons/ha compared to (2.1, 3.5, 4.8 tons/ha) for mineral fertilization, organic fertilization and control, respectively, i.e. an increase of 32.3% over the control, 81.4% increase over organic fertilization and 202.4% increase over mineral fertilization.
Maize plants treated with B8 biofertilizer significantly outperformed the other treatments in leaf phenolics content and peroxidase activity at the applied water stress levels, and maintained a balanced proline content between 1.7-2.06 μg/g fresh weight and less than the control. The highest leaf phenolics content was 65.5 mg/100 g fresh weight and peroxidase activity was 0.321 μmol/g due to B8Ѱ3 treatment.
We conclude that B8 biofertilizers increased phenolic content and peroxidase enzyme activity in maize leaves and consequently stimulated systemic resistance and reduced the effect of water stress, which was positively reflected on plant growth and productivity. thus, the possibility of using rhizobacteria as effective B8 biofertilizers in stimulating the resistance of maize (Ghota 82) to water stress, stimulating growth and increasing production
Studies on the Economics of Baby Corn Cultivation under Sole and Intercropping with Short Duration Vegetables
Full text linkA study was conducted on the feasibility of cultivating vegetables including fenugreek, radish, and Amaranthus with baby corn crop and evaluated the effects of intercropping. The study was conducted during rabi season 2022-2023 in farmer’s field of Nambal village, Mancherial District, Telangana to find out the most suitable and profitable baby corn intercropping with different short duration vegetable crops. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments which was replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of baby corn as main crop along with radish, fenugreek and amaranthus as inter crops in different combinations and sole cropping of baby corn, radish, fenugreek and amaranthus. The results of the research showed that baby corn + radish + fenugreek intercropping system registered the higher baby corn equivalent yield of 10.44 t ha-1. The highest gross returns (₹322175), net return (₹258758) and returns per rupee invested (Benefit: Cost ratio) was also highest (4.08) in this treatment
Impact and Creation of Added Value of Creative Culture in Improving Organizational Performance
No full textOrganizational culture has been identified as a critical factor in determining the performance and competitiveness of firms. This study examined the relationship between creative culture and organizational performance among manufacturing firms located in Anambra State, Nigeria. The purpose of the study is to identify important factors in determining company performance and competitiveness and to show the role of mediating variables in influencing company performance recommendations. Drawing on the Competing Values Framework, the study conceptualizes creative culture as an organizational culture type characterized by flexibility, external focus, and emphasis on innovation and entrepreneurship. Using a sample of 152 manufacturing firms, the study employs structural equation modeling to analyze the direct and indirect effects of creative culture on financial performance, operational performance, and innovation performance. The findings indicate that creative culture has a significant positive influence on all three dimensions of organizational performance. The study also reveals that knowledge management capabilities partially mediate the effect of creative culture on performance. The implications for theory and management practice are discussed, and directions for future research are proposed