UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
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Diagnosis and Management of Spirocercosis in a Beagle Dog: A Case Report
Get PDFA 2-year-old male Beagle was presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar with a history of anorexia, chronic vomiting, fever, persistent vocalisation and poor response to regular anti-emetic and antacid treatment for the past three months. On clinical examination, the dog exhibited intermittent vomiting, lethargy and significant weight loss. Initial diagnostics on complete blood count showed mild leucocytosis, though serum biochemistry showed no remarkable abnormalities. To investigate the persistent gastrointestinal signs, endoscopic imaging was performed, which identified a fixed glistening, space-occupying nodules in the distal thoracic oesophagus. Faecal examination further confirmed the presence of Spirocerca lupi eggs, leading to a definitive diagnosis of spirocercosis. The Dog was treated with subcutaneous injections of Doramectin administered every 14 days for 3 occasions along with other supportive therapy, including Ceftriaxone-Tazobactam, Ondansetron, Pantoprazole, Phenobarbitone sodium and fluid for hydration. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and targeted treatment of spirocercosis, as delay can lead to life-threatening complications like oesophageal obstruction or neoplastic transformation. The successful recovery in this case highlights the importance of considering Spirocerca lupi infection in cases of chronic vomiting unresponsive to conventional therapy, particularly in endemic regions
The Effect of Triclosan in Endocrine and Reproductive Disruption: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFTriclosan (TCS), is a synthetic aromatic compound with antibacterial properties which is present in many consumers product including toothpaste, soap, textiles, shampoos and plastic kitchenware. TCS has raised increasing concern due to its potential effect on endocrine and reproductive disruption. This review contains the information about toxic effect of TCS on reproductive system of rat, highlights the mechanism of TCS interferes with binding to estrogen and androgen receptor and disrupts endocrine signaling pathways. TCS also alter aromatase enzyme activity, impairs thyroid hormone regulation and induce oxidative stress. According to the literature, TCS impairs testicular function in males, including steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, by reducing androgen production. In females, it causes ovarian dysfunction and affects developmental processes, as demonstrated in both animal and human studies. Due to its lipophilic nature and environment persistence TCS builds up in reproductive tissue, increase the risk of toxicity with prolonged exposure this review highlights the urgent need for strictly regulation on antimicrobial use and understanding of long-term reproductive health risk
First Record of Parambassis lala (Hamilton, 1822) from the Upper Krishna River Basin, Maharashtra, India
Get PDFThe present study documents the first occurrence of the high-fin glassy perchlet, Parambassis lala (Hamilton, 1822), in the Upper Krishna River Basin, located in Maharashtra, India. This species is a small, translucent freshwater fish belonging to the family Ambassidae, previously known from the Gangetic plains, Brahmaputra drainage, and other eastern regions of the Indian subcontinent. Its occurrence in the northern Western Ghats represents a considerable westward extension of its known geoical distribution and suggests a potential shift in the ecological boundaries of the species. Field surveys conducted between 2022 and 2024 at multiple sites along the Krishna River and its tributaries led to the collection of specimens from slow-flowing, well-vegetated sections of the river. The collected individuals were morphologically identified based on diagnostic characters such as a prominently elevated dorsal fin, deeply compressed translucent body, and standard meristic features, and were further verified using regional taxonomic keys.
The detection of P. lala in the Upper Krishna Basin may point to one of two possibilities: an anthropogenic introduction, potentially through the ornamental fish trade or inadvertent release via aquaculture systems, or a previously undocumented natural dispersal, indicating a broader ecological tolerance and adaptability than previously recognized.
This study not only contributes to the ichthyofaunal inventory of the Krishna River Basin but also underscores the importance of regular biodiversity surveys in detecting biogeoic anomalies and informing conservation efforts. Continued research is essential to understand the population dynamics, reproductive ecology, and potential ecological impacts of P. lala in this newly colonized habitat
The Role of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Powder in Improves Tenyi Vo Pig Health and Haematological Profile
Get PDFDietary interventions are critical for maintaining health and reducing disease in pig farming, particularly for indigenous breeds like the Tenyi Vo pig in Nagaland, India. This study assessed the effects of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) powder supplementation on haematological profile and health outcomes in Tenyi Vo pigs. Twenty weaner piglets (60 days old) were assigned to four groups: G1 (control, concentrate feed), G2 (25 g/kg jackfruit powder), G3 (50 g/kg), and G4 (75 g/kg) for nine weeks. Haematological profile included red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Morbidity and mortality were monitored. The G4 group showed the highest RBC (6.86 x 106/mm3), WBC (22.95 x103/µL), Hb (13.13 g/dl), PCV (37.15%), and MCV (56.23 fl), with significant differences (P<0.05). No morbidity or mortality occurred in G3 and G4, unlike G1 and G2 (15% morbidity, 5% mortality). Jackfruit powder at 75 g/kg enhances haematological health and reduces disease incidence, supporting its use in pig diets
Conservation Challenges of Two Monitor Lizards [Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) and Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768)] in Jorhat, Assam, India
Get PDFVaranus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) and Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768), both protected under Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, continue to be hunted across India due to culinary preferences and ethno-medicinal beliefs. In addition, human-wildlife conflict often results in retaliatory killings. This study investigates the hunting practices involving these monitor lizard species in the Sarucharai region of Jorhat, Assam. Structured surveys were conducted with 200 individuals across 50 households. Among the respondents, 52% reported consuming meat from V. bengalensis or V. salvator, with an estimated annual hunting rate of 1–7 individuals. Furthermore, 11% admitted to hunting the reptiles, 19% to preparing their meat, and 46% were familiar with cooking techniques. Notably, 64% of respondents believed the meat could alleviate rheumatic pain, although only 1% reported a clinical diagnosis of rheumatism. Similarly, 41% believed the skin could treat burning lesions, with 6% having used it for the same. While 72% were aware of the legal laws protecting the species, only 30% understood their ecological or conservation significance. Reports of predation on poultry and fish were also considerable, with 46% of households affected. These findings underscore persistent hunting practices and low conservation awareness, emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced law enforcement and community-based conservation outreach
Indigenous Adaptive Techniques for Effective Ericulture in Kokrajhar District, BTR, Assam, India
Get PDFThe success of ericulture, a vital sericulture practice in North-East India, hinges on precise rearing techniques and strategic management. The current study in Kokrajhar district, Assam, reveals that while ericulture is a dominant practice among local farmers (64.06%), they face significant challenges, including scarcity of food plants, diseases, pest infestations, and climate fluctuations. Despite the traditional reliance on Ricinus communis (Castor) as a primary food plant, this research identifies potential new host plants, such as Ailanthus excels (14.40%), Ficus racemosa (44.92%), and Oroxylum indicum (23.12%), which could enhance sustainability and resilience in ericulture. However, modern biocontrol methods, including bio-fumigation and bio-disinfection, are adopted as measures for different challenges like microbial and pest infestation. These innovations are tactically adopted and are still limited, underscoring the need for increased awareness and training among seri rearers. By highlighting these challenges and opportunities, our study provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and farmers seeking to improve productivity, quality, and sustainability in ericulture, ultimately contributing to the growth and development of the sericulture industry
Study on Inter Co-Relation Among Aquatic Insect Diversity to Vegetation and Physico-Chemical Parameter of Lakes on Kaas Plateau, World Natural Heritage Site, Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Get PDFAquatic biodiversity plays a major role in maintaining the health of the ecosystem. Kass Plateau is one of the major biodiversity hotspots in the western ghats. The insects are sensitive to change, and alterations in chemical and physical factors in their habitat structure can impact their diversity. The present study investigated the interrelation between aquatic insect diversity and physiochemical parameters in four different lakes namely Kas Lake, Gay Talav, Sarwar/Kumudini Talav, and Bhadar Talav on the Kass Plateau. A total of 75 species belong to three orders. Odonata is being most dominant order with 42 species followed by the order Coleoptera with 25 species and the order Hemiptera accounting for 8 species. The water bodies also show the presence of aquatic plants foster environment. Additionally, physiochemical parameters of water such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, hardness, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and alkalinity were recorded. In this study we also identified the presence of some aquatic plants. The result concluded that unpolluted water bodies significantly contributed to the richness of aquatic insects
Evaluation of Multimodal Anesthesia Using Butorphanol-Ketamine-Diazepam with and without Lumbosacral Epidural Block in Cesarean Sections in Pigs
Get PDFThis study evaluated two anesthetic protocols for cesarean sections in pigs: butorphanol-ketamine-diazepam (BKD) alone versus BKD combined with lumbosacral epidural block (BKDE). Twelve sows were divided into BKD (n=6; IV butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg, ketamine 10 mg/kg, diazepam 2 mg/kg) and BKDE (n=6; half systemic dose plus epidural lidocaine 2%, 1 mL/10 kg) group. Results showed BKDE provided superior analgesia (105±8 vs 75±6 min, p<0.01) with 50% less ketamine while maintaining surgical anesthesia, better hemodynamic stability (MAP 85±5 vs 72±8 mmHg, p<0.05), faster recovery (standing time 45±5 vs 75±10 min, p<0.01), and improved neonatal outcomes (Apgar 8-9 vs 6-7, p<0.01) with no stillbirths compared to BKD group. The study concludes that BKDE offers enhanced surgical conditions, reduced systemic drug requirements, and better maternal-fetal outcomes, making it a superior choice for porcine cesarean sections
Assessment of Hematological Parameters in Sangamneri Goats during the Summer and Winter Season
Get PDFThe present study aims to evaluate heat stress\u27s effects on haematological parameters in Sangamneri goats. Haematological parameters in domestic animals may be impacted by seasonal and environmental variations. Goats are recognized to be able to adapt to adverse situations. The Sangamneri Goat breed is an Indigenous native breed of the Sangamner region of the Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, India. The investigation was carried out on six apparently healthy, female (non-pregnant, non-lactating ) adult Sangamneri goats with ages of 1 to 1.5 years and above, having similar body weight and maintained under semi-intensive framing system at Instructional Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC), K.N.P.College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal. Dist. Satara. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, and 30 days during both the summer and winter seasons. The results revealed a significant increase in total leukocyte count (TLC) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N:L) ratio, particularly under summer conditions, indicating a stress-related response. Conversely, haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and total erythrocyte count (TEC) values were significantly elevated during the winter season. These alterations may be attributed to seasonal adaptive mechanisms, wherein the haematological parameters are modulated in response to environmental stressors. The observed changes suggest that Sangamneri goats exhibit physiological adjustments to cope with thermal variations, likely as part of a broader thermoregulatory and immunological adaptation process
Identification of Honeybee Flora and Evaluation of Beekeeping Production Systems in Somali Region, Ethiopia
Get PDFThe study was conducted two potential zones of Somali region to assess and characterize honeybee flora and beekeeping production practices. For this study six districts were selected using purposive sampling methods. A total of 120 beekeepers with equal proportion from the six districts were selected randomly. The study comprises two parts including assessment about bee keeping production practices and field work with honeybee flora identification. The result of the study indicated that 79.2 % of total sampled households were male headed households. The primary reason of beekeeping production in the study areas was income generation and consumption as majority (75%) of the respondents implied. The traditional hives were the most commonly used hives as majority (65%) of the respondents implied and main source of their foundation colonies was by catching the swarms. The overall honey yield was 6.125+0.59 and 11.56±0.43 per hives per harvesting season in traditional and modern hives respectively. The honey harvesting is carried out at nighttime. pest and predators, absconding and scarcity of water were major constrains of beekeeping production in the study areas. The major pest and predators limiting the beekeeping production in the study areas were ants and Honey badgers. A total of 2,366 honeybee forage plants were representing a wide range of genera and families. The most dominant species were Acacia Senegal locally known as “Cadaad” with 490 individuals (20.71%). Among the study sites Salahad and Lagahida districts recorded the highest number of forage plants with 500 & 498 individuals respectively and were categorised as areas of “much more abundance” identified which belong to different genera and families containing fifteen species were identified and recorded. These findings highlight significant spatial variation in honeybee forage resources and indicate that Salahad and Lagahida districts possess the greatest potential for beekeeping development and increased honey production. The study emphasizes the need for improved honey harvesting, processing, and storage practices to improve honey quality of the beekeepers. The studied districts have high production potential for honeybee floras which is suitable beekeeping production therefore further research is required in the areas of participatory research action through community participatory approach and foraging is highly recommended