UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
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Spatio-temporal Variations in Water Quality Parameters of Lake Sukhna, Chandigarh, India
Get PDFSukhna Lake, a prominent man-made reservoir in Chandigarh, India, serves essential ecological and recreational roles but is increasingly vulnerable to pollution and seasonal stresses. This study investigates the spatio-temporal variations in the lake’s water quality by analysing key physicochemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen [DO], biochemical oxygen demand [BOD]) and heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn) across three seasons—winter, spring, and summer. Water samples were systematically collected from three representative locations and analysed using standard APHA protocols. Results revealed significant seasonal differences (p < 0.05) in most parameters. Spring exhibited the most favourable water quality, with the highest DO (12.50 ± 0.50 mg/L), lowest BOD (1.00 ± 0.00 mg/L), and moderately alkaline pH (7.50 ± 0.50), indicating high photosynthetic activity and lower organic load. Conversely, summer was the most ecologically stressed season, marked by low DO (6.83 ± 1.04 mg/L), high BOD (2.67 ± 1.44 mg/L), and acidic pH (6.32 ± 0.18), reflecting elevated microbial decomposition and pollutant concentration due to high temperatures and reduced dilution. Heavy metal concentrations remained within WHO/EPA limits but showed seasonal patterns. Lead and copper levels peaked slightly in spring (0.0050 mg/L and 0.0100 mg/L, respectively), while cadmium showed higher values in winter and summer (0.0017 mg/L), suggesting seasonal runoff and anthropogenic influence. The study concludes that Sukhna Lake’s water quality is highly sensitive to seasonal dynamics, particularly during summer months. These findings emphasize the need for season-specific management strategies, including enhanced runoff control, pollution mitigation, and continuous monitoring
Clinico-Hematological Effects of Nanonickel Administration in Wistar Rats
Get PDFThe present work was carried out to study the clinical signs, mortality and hematological alterations induced by administration of nanonickel in Wistar rats at NOAEL dose for a period of 90 days. A total of 35 rats of six weeks of age, of both sexes, were randomly divided into two groups. Group I was kept as control and comprising of 20 rats. Group II was comprising of 15 rats and were orally administered nanonickel mixed in distilled water orally at NOAEL dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight/day from 0 day of experiment till 90 days post treatment (DPT). Animals were observed twice daily for the presence of any untoward clinical signs and mortality throughout the period of experimentation. Blood was collected from 5 rats from each group at 0 (5 rats from control group only at this interval), 30th, 60th and 90th DPT to study the hematological parameters. Body weight of both the groups of rats was also recorded at the above said intervals. Animals of the both the groups showed no clinical signs and mortality throughout the experimentation. Group I rats showed no significant variation in body weight and hematological values. A significant time dependent decrease in body weight was recorded in group II rats. Hematological studies revealed a non-significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) and significant decrease in packed cell volume (PCV) values at 60th and 90th DPT, in treated rats as compared to control rats while there was a significant decrease in total erythrocyte count (TEC) at 30th and 90th DPT in treated rats. There is significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at 60th DPT and significant increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) also there was increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in treated rats as compared to control rats at all the DPT. There was a decrease in total leucocyte count at all DPT in treated rats as compared to control rats. In differential leucocyte count, a significant decrease in lymphocyte count and neutrophil count at 30th and 60th DPT. There was a significant increase in eosinophil at 30th and 90th DPT and a significant increase in monocyte count at 30th DPT. There was significant decrease in absolute neutrophil count at 90th DPT in treated rats as compared to control rats while there was significant decrease in absolute lymphocyte count at 30th DPT. It can be concluded from the present study that nanonickel have adverse effects on body weight and hematological parameters of Wistar rats at NOAEL dose
Benefitting the Farmers by Integrating Fish Cum Duck Farming for Enhancing Production, Cost Reduction and Livelihood Security
Get PDFIntegrated fish culture system, animal wastes and undigested and spilt food particles are directly consumed by the fish and some portion of waste acts as nutrient and organic substances for many microorganisms which are consumed directly by fish or by invertebrates fish food organism. A field experiments were conducted for improving the productivity as well as generate more income of farmers from various crops practiced in a specific area for a certain time; the integrated approach of fish cum duck culture carried out in farmer’s field. The experiment was conducted at Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh to Demonstrate fish cum duck culture on physico-chemical, biological parameters of pond ecosystem and overall fish production in the ponds. This trials were conducted during three successive years from 2019-20 to 2021-2022 for the period of 10 months duration. The pond was stocked with fingerlings @6000 /ha of IMC (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala in a ratio of 4:3:3) to utilize the maximum energy in the pond through polyculture system. Khaki Campbell variety of ducks was used for the integrated system to fulfill the purpose of obtaining the meat and for deliver the excreta into the ponds directly during wild grazing. According to the village-level cultural practice, the ducks were fed fresh kitchen scraps and agricultural byproducts like kodha (rice bran) and kanki (broken cereal grains), which are readily available in rural areas, while the fish were not given any additional feed. According to the study, the integrated pond\u27s water quality parameters—pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, and hardness—were noticeably greater than those of the control pond, which was devoid of ducks. Duck droppings and the natural manuring of fish ponds also significantly increased the quantities of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the integrated pond. Economic analysis of fish cum duck integrated system revealed that total net return from recommended practices were Rs.110,000 ha-1. The net returns in farmer’s practices were Rs. 57400 ha-1were recorded. The average BCR were 2.15 in recommended practices as compared to 1.69 in farmer’s practices and additional income of duck meat of Rs. 88500 and duck egg Rs. 17130 and the consumption of fish, duck meat and duck eggs added to food quality and livelihood security of the resource-poor family and input cost reduce as well. The study has concluded that the integrated fish cum duck farming system, could tackle the issues of sustainability, livelihood security and income generation effectively
White Feces Syndrome and Its Management in the Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Culture: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFWhite Feces Syndrome (WFS), also known as White Gut Disease, is a widespread and economically significant condition affecting the global aquaculture industry that produces Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). This condition is distinguished by the presence of pale or white excrement. In shrimp that have been impacted, there are digestive issues. White gut disease in L. vannamei has several contributing factors, but its exact etiology is unknown. According to the current study, a better understanding of multifactorial illness-which involves a confluence of infectious agents, dietary imbalances, environmental stressors, diagnostic approaches and poor management practices-will aid in the development of treatments that will stop the disease\u27s spread and, consequently, lower the financial losses incurred by the shrimp industry
Evaluation of the Antidiabetic, Hypolipidemic and Hepatoprotective Effect of Allium sativum in Diabetic Rats
No full textBackground: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and is rapidly raising worldwide. It is characterized by pancreatic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Hyperglycemia induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress are correlated with the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. To counteract the harmful effects of ROS, antioxidants of the body neutralise it and maintain bodily homeostasis. Allium sativum (garlic) is a medicinal plant which is used in Indian traditional medicine to treat or prevent many diseases like cancer, hepatitis, and diabetes.
Aim: The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic extract on oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in diabetic rats.
Methods: In this study, 30 male Wistar rats weighing 200± 20gr are randomly divided to five groups of 6 each including healthy normal control (group I), garlic treatment (group II), diabetic control (group II), diabetic animals treated with garlic positive control (group III) and diabetic animals treated vitamin C. Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced by injection of STZ.
Findings: In our study, we observed significant increase in Blood glucose, Malondialdehyde (MDA), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and serum markers in diabetic rats. However, with garlic treatment all these lipid metabolic profiles and serum markers are came back to near to normalcy.
Conclusion: Our study reported that garlic possess hepatoprotective antioxidant and antilipidemic effect in diabetic rats.So consumption of garlic helpful to diabetic patients
Integrated Management Strategies for Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Mulberry Cultivation
No full textMulberry (Morus spp.) is a perennial crop of prime importance in sericulture, serving as the exclusive food source for the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). The productivity and quality of mulberry leaves directly influence cocoon yield and silk quality. However, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have emerged as one of the most damaging soil-borne pathogens affecting mulberry cultivation. These obligate parasites induce root galling, disrupt vascular functions and impair water and nutrient uptake, leading to stunted growth, chlorosis, reduced leaf yield and poor cocoon quality. Management of these nematodes is challenging due to their subterranean nature and the limitations of conventional control measures. While chemical nematicides offer short-term control, they pose environmental and health risks. This review focuses on the integrated management of root-knot nematodes in mulberry, emphasizing a combination of cultural practices, organic amendments, botanicals, biological control agents, and resistant varieties. Such integrated approaches not only reduce nematode populations but also enhance plant vigor, improve soil health, and support sustainable sericulture
Riboflavin Enrichment of Oziotelphusa senex senex Meat Via Microbial Biofortification Using Bacillus subtilis
No full textMicro-nutrient deficiency has been a contributing factor to several metabolic and health-related defects. Incorporation of these micronutrients in food products is the sole remedy for this deficiency, and this could be satisfied by the process of biofortification. In India, crabs are cultured within an integrated farming system. Malnutrition, particularly micronutrient deficiencies, remains a leading factor behind non-communicable diseases. In this study, we used riboflavin (vitamin B2) produced by Bacillus subtilis to enhance the nutritional value of crabs. The crabs that received riboflavin showed signs of reduced stress, better immunity, and higher levels of protein, carbohydrates, and fats. There was also a noticeable drop in harmful bacterial count, and histology studies showed increased muscle fibers among the riboflavin-treated groups. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing natural, microbe-based methods to enhance the nutritional value of everyday food and promote better public health. The solution for the micronutrient deficiency is the usage of the biofortified food. 
Antioxidant Role of Hypericin on Ultraviolet-C Radiation Mediated Carcinogenesis in Drosophila Melanogaster
No full textHypericin, a polycyclic aromatic naphthodianthrone, is derived from the Hypericum genus and acts as a photosensitizer in the photodynamic therapy of numerous cancers. However, the mechanism of hypericin against skin cancer is not yet investigated. In the present study, the fruit flies were classified into six groups: Group I- control, Group II- UVC treated, Group III, IV, V and VI- UVC treated along with hypericin (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% respectively) exposed. Following the treatment, the climbing activity was assessed. Based on the behavioural study, 0.4% of hypericin was considered as an active dose and utilized for further experiments (Group I- Control; Group II- UVC exposed; Group III- UVC + Hypericin (0.4%); and Group IV- Hypericin (0.4%) alone). The levels of protein carbonyl content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were enhanced significantly (p<0.05) in hemolymph and diminished significantly (p<0.05) in the head and intestine of UVC-exposed D. melanogaster. The levels of GSH and the activities of SOD, GST, catalase and GPx were diminished significantly (p<0.05) in the circulation and tissues of UVC-exposed flies. Hypericin treatment significantly (p<0.05) nullifies the oxidative imbalance exerted by UVC and brings them back to near normal levels. Behaviour study is also supported the present findings. Further molecular research is needed to know the mechanism of action of hypericin and improve the fly model to utilize it for translational research, targeting to link the gap between preclinical findings and clinical studies
Impact of Carbon Tetrachloride on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Responses in the Hepatic Tissues of Zebrafish
No full textAquatic species are susceptible to oxidative stress under a variety of adverse environmental circumstances. A zebrafish model was used to investigate the sub-lethal impact of CCl4 on antioxidant defences and oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were assessed for oxidative stress. The liver tissues had significantly more reactive oxygen species after 30 days of CCl4 exposure, which raises the liver\u27s LPO levels up to two fold increase after 30 days of exposure. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), two antioxidant defence enzymes, were elevated in the livers of the fish exposed to sublethal levels of CCl4 for 30 days. The increase was up to one fold when the fish exposed to 5mg L-1 for 30 days. The liver\u27s glutathione transferase (GST) level rose when exposed to CCl4. In fish exposed to CCl4, the current study discovered a substantial correlation between antioxidant defences and oxidative stress. Overall, the findings indicate that fish exposed to CCl4 show signs of oxidative stress and that the corresponding antioxidant response in their livers is modulated by CCl4 after 30 days of chronic exposure which may result in susceptibility. This suggests that zebrafish could be used as a bioindicator of exposure to organic pollutants by measuring the activities of antioxidant enzymes for the freshwater ecosystems
Nutritional Composition of Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. Fruit and the Effects of its Chloroform Fraction on the Biochemical and Hematological Profiles of Mice
No full textAims: This study aims to identify the composition and assess the impact of the chloroform fraction of G. pedunculata extracts on the hematological and biochemical markers in mice. The findings intend to provide dietary guidance and establish groundwork for subsequent studies. It will assess the proximate and mineral profile of G. pedunculata fruit extract and its effects on hematological and serum biochemical parameters in mice.
Methodology: Fruit collected from Nakari, North Lakhimpur, was analyzed for moisture, ash, carbohydrate, protein, reducing sugar, and starch using standard methods. Mineral content was assessed by AAS. GC-MS identified volatile/semi-volatile components. Thirty-two mice (16 male, 16 female) were divided into four groups (n=8): normal control, vehicle (1% DMSO), and chloroform fraction of G. pedunculata at 100 or 250 mg/kg orally for 28 days. Serum analysis included creatinine, urea, electrolytes, liver enzymes, proteins, and bilirubin, while hematology evaluated RBC indices and platelets.
Results: The dried extract was rich in carbohydrates and low in protein, with moisture at 21.4% and ash at 3.45%. Calcium predominated the minerals, followed by Na and Mg, and then Fe and Zn. GC-MS identified 11 components making up 60.9% TIC. Significant changes were observed in the potassium, sodium and alkaline phosphatase levels. In case of the hematological parameters, significant changes were observed in the MCV, MCHC, RDW-CV and platelet levels. No significant changes were seen in the rest of the biochemical and hematological parameters.
Conclusion: G. pedunculata is a low-fat, carbohydrate-rich, calcium-dominant fruit. Twenty-eight-day dosing was well tolerated and may beneficially influence selected metabolic markers. The results provide a coherent baseline for future research on bioactive components and dose-response relationships and will inform the safe dietary application of this under-researched regional fruit