UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
Not a member yet
4379 research outputs found
Sort by
Molecular Detection of the Seasonal Bacterial Diversity from a Freshwater Lake in West Bengal, India
Get PDFSituated in the northeastern region of Kolkata, WB, Subhas Sarobar is a medium-sized artificial lake that is home to a variety of plants and animals, such as benthos, nekton, zooplankton, bacteria, and phytoplankton, all of which contribute to a balanced and interdependent ecosystem. The water\u27s physic-chemical characteristics are impacted by seasonal variations in temperature, precipitation, and humidity, which could be a factor in the change in the population of fauna. In addition, this aquatic system uses wastewater from homes. Therefore, in addition to seasonal fluctuations, the physico-chemical properties of the lake water are impacted by domestic discharges, washing clothing and utensils, bathing, and disposal of plastic garbage near the water. All of these human activities eventually lead to a decline in the lake\u27s water quality. The lake system\u27s low DO and high nutrient content create an ideal habitat for the growth of bacteria, including those that are infectious and could harm public health and other aquatic species. Containing harmful bacteria species in water is dangerous and can lead to a number of health problems, including diarrhea and gastroenteritis with fever, chills, nausea, hypertensive septic shock, secondary lesions, and infection. It may be possible to successfully stop the spread of disease if the traits and specifics of pathogenic bacteria are understood. Several enteropathogenic bacteria, including Shigella, Vibrio, Cholera, Salmonella, Enterobacter, and Yersinia, were identified, isolated, and purified in this study. In a model of live and heat-killed mice, the spread of bacterial zoonotic infections to other animals was found to cause major public health issues for those who are directly or indirectly using this water
Phytoplankton Diversity and Distribution in Relation to Hydro Biological Factors in Three Industrial Hotspots of the Northern Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India
Get PDFPhytoplankton serve as crucial indicators of environmental health, reflecting changes in water quality. By monitoring water quality parameters, we can assess the overall status of the coastal/marine ecosystem hence the diversity, distribution, and abundance of phytoplankton and their relationship to hydro-biological factors were investigated at three industrial hotspots in the Northern Gulf of Kachchh. The density of phytoplankton species ranged from 237*103 to 1115*103 No/lit. The Shannon wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, and Pielou\u27s evenness index, respectively, were 2.498 to 3.746, 4.941 to 7.531 and 0.259 to 0.9 during the study. 78 taxa from three phyla and three classes were reported throughout the study period. Chaetoceros was the most dominant genus among other groups. The study was carry out for 2 years and planktons were collected from study sites by using plankton net.
During all seasons, taxa such as Fragilariopsis oceanica, Nitzschia sp, Biddulphia sp, Asterionella japonica, Ditylum sol, Pleurosigma sp, and Trieres mobiliensis were documented from all sites during all seasons. The influence of dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature, salinity, pH, total suspended solid, nitrites, nitrates, and phosphate on plankton distribution and abundance has been discussed. The areas were selected based on the presence of industrial establishments, coastal characteristics and the study will serve as a baseline database for future research. The various industrial activities may have adverse effect on the plankton diversity
Time and Dose Dependent Effects of Triazine Derivatives on the Survivorship of Drosophila melanogaster
Get PDFTriazine compounds are widely popular herbicides and recently, these have emerged as important therapeutic agents. Present investigation reports impact of two triazine compounds, 1,3,5-Triphenyl-[1,3,5] triazine (T1) and 1,3,5-Tris-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-[1,3,5] triazine (T2), on the survivorship of Drosophila melanogaster, a highly tractable and reproducible animal model for toxicological studies. We exposed adult flies to varying concentrations of T1 and T2 (125 mg/L, 250 mg/L, and 500 mg/L dissolved in DMSO) under standard culture conditions, comparing survivorship to control groups (untreated and DMSO-treated). Results indicated that both T1 and T2 do not show toxicity until day 30, however, post day 30 high dose of T1(500 mg/L) reduced survival percentage significantly. Derivative T2 was found to be non-toxic in the entire study period. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test were used to estimate the differences in mean survival percentage at specific time points using the software jamovi (v. 2.6.26). The findings highlight the differential effects of structurally related triazine compounds on D. melanogaster survival
An Assessment on Seasonal Physico-Chemical Variations of Charipunia Beel of Morigaon District, Assam, India
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to evaluate the seasonal physicochemical characteristics of Charipunia beel (7.0 ha) in the Morigaon district of Assam over a one-year period from May 2022 to April 2023. The majority of physico-chemical parameters were found to be a favorable range for growth and reproduction within the water temperature of aquatic species ranged from 18.60o C to 29.30o C, water pH from 5.5 to 7.9, dissolved oxygen ranged from 4.5 mg/l to 7.6 mg/l, total alkalinity from 42.3 mg/l to 67.1 mg/l, total hardness from 51.3 mg/l to 70.2 mg/l, free carbon dioxide from 5.5 to 9.3 mg/l, turbidity from 3.1 NTU to 4.6 NTU, and ammonia nitrogen ranged from 0.14 mg/l to 0.32 mg/l. Although the beel conditions were favorable for fish production, there is an urgent need for strict imposition and monitoring of fishery regulations during the banned season. In addition, the identification and protection of feeding and breeding grounds of Indigenous fishes and awareness among fishermen are very much needed for the sustainable use of the beel
Ecological Diversity of Marine Copepods of Mandapam Region, Southeast Coast of India
Get PDFPresently, an evaluation was made on the spatiotemporal variation of physio-chemical characteristics of sea water, and biodiversity of the copepod was studied at the Gulf of Mannar Region, Southeast coast of India. The monthly surface water and copepod samples were collected from February 2021 to January 2022. The physico-chemical characteristics of water were analysed. The collected copepods were identified based on morphological characters, and the diversity indices of copepods were estimated. The findings of the study inferred that the rainfall ranged between 0.4 and 351.1 mm and chlorophyll “a” varied from 0.01 to 1.42 mg/cm3. Atmospheric and surface water temperatures were found to range between 26.64 and 30.34ºC and 26.0 and 30.83ºC, respectively. The chemical parameters, including pH, salinity, and DO, were varied from 5.33–8.47, 25.33–38.17%, and 0.05–5.43 mg/L, respectively. The inorganic nutrients such as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and reactive silicate were 2-10.82 µmol/L, 0.11-1.95 µmol/L, 0.07-1.816 µmol/L, 0.31-9.27 µmol/L, and 2.04-61.56 µmol/L, respectively. A total of 34 copepod species were recorded; among them, calanoid contributed 12 species, while both cyclopoid and harpacticoid contributed 11 species, respectively. The Mandapam coastal areas with an abundant diversity of copepods denote the main role of ecological connection in Palk Bay, Indian Ocean, and Gulf of Mannar, India. The present study favours a continuous analysis with further investigation of the distribution and diversity of open ocean and benthic copepods and their ecological importance in the Gulf of Mannar coastal region, Southeast coast of India
Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) in Aquaponics System
Get PDFThe present experiment was conducted in circular FRP tanks kept indoor under polycarbonate house to provides information on the length-weight relationship and condition factors of Labeo rohita in aquaponics system. Aquaponics, an integrated system of aquaculture and hydroponics, has gained significant attention due to its sustainable and efficient nature. Understanding the growth dynamics and condition of fish within such systems is crucial for optimizing production and maintaining fish health. The length weight relationship were estimated by linear regression equation. The species exhibits positive allometric growth (b>3) with the values of condition factor (K) being greater than one, indicating the well-being of the species in its natural habitat. The water quality parameters were within the acceptable range for fish production. A fine mesh net is used to scoop fishes. The fish total length was measured from the anterior tip of the snout to the distal end of the caudal fin, and its weight was assessed using a precision single-pan electronic balance. Result shown that, the length-weight relationship of 900 experimental fish in aquaponics system with different stocking density shows that the treatment T2 performed better than T1 and T3. L. rohita juveniles reared in experimental tanks exhibited positive allometric growth and in good condition of health. This growth pattern favours fish farming as it enhances its profitability. The values of ‘K’ ranged from 0.97-1.00 which depicted good condition of fish in these water bodies. These observed parameters were useful to evaluate the well-being of L. rohita population in the aquaponics system and provided useful information on fish biology for scientific management of fisheries
Assessment of Three Fish Species Stock for Conservation and Management Policy in River Imo, Nigeria
Get PDFThe rates of Growth, recruitment, mortality, and exploitation of three important fish species of the River Imo, Nigeria, were investigated, aimed at providing information on their conservation status and management policies for their sustainability. These species are big-sized and fleshy, and they are Gymnarchus niloticus (Cuvier 1829), Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) and Distichodus notratus (Gunther 1864). Assorted fishing gears were used to catch the species fortnightly from January to July 2023, and data on their standard length were taken to the nearest centimeter (cm). 503,129 specimens were examined and measurements analyzed with the Electronic Length Frequency Analysis (ELEFAN II) fitted into the von Bertalanffy Growth Model (VBGM) of L(t) = L∞ [1 – e –k(t-t0)] with FAOICLARM (FISAT) tools software. Asymptotic length (L∞) for G. niloticus = 210cm, C. gariepinus = 94.50 cm and D. rostratus = 68.25cm. Comparing the stock parameters of total mortality (Z), Fishing Mortality (F), Exploitation rate (E) and length of sexual maturity (Lm), G. niloticus was observed to be over-exploited (E = 0.84), D. rostratus was near optimal level of exploitation (E = 0.51) while C. gariepinus was not over- exploited (E = 0.24). Recommended management policies are restriction on the use of small mesh sizes (≤ 3 cm); prohibition of the catches of sexually immature individuals (for G. niloticus sizes ≤ 140.0 cm, C. gariepinus ≤ 63.0cm and D. rostratus ≤ 45.5 cm) and enforcement of closed fishing season on the observed peak of recruitment: April – May – June – July in River Imo
Distribution and Impact of Beetles in Agriculture and Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Get PDFThe Indian subcontinent, with its diverse landscapes and climate variables, harbors a rich and varied beetle fauna. This effort aims to provide an overview of the distribution patterns of beetles across the region, considering factors such as geographical location, altitude, temperature, and rainfall. By analyzing existing literature and conducting field surveys, we had identified key beetle hotspots and assess the impact of human activities on their distribution. Understanding the distribution of beetles in the Indian subcontinent is crucial for conservation efforts and ecological research. The species which are studied: Blister Beetle, Aquatic Beetle, Ladybird Beetle, Dung Beetle, Ground Beetle. This review article focusses on the major beetles found in the Mohali region of Punjab. This article also focuses on the IPM which is the holistic approach to pest management that combines various strategies to minimize pesticide use while maintaining crop productivity and profitability. Beetles play a significant role in IPM strategies, both as targets of control measures and as beneficial agents that can be harnessed for natural pest suppression
A Preliminary Assessment of Microalgae (Spirulina spp.) Based Diet on Performance of Juvenile Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)
Get PDFThis study evaluated the impact of Spirulina-supplemented feed on the growth performance of koi fingerlings (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) over a 5-week period. The experiment aimed to compare the effects of control feed (T1) and Spirulina-supplemented feed (T2) on key growth metrics, including weight gain, daily weight gain (DWG), specific growth rate (SGR), relative weight gain (RWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). A total of 15 fingerlings were randomly assigned to two groups, with each group receiving either regular feed or feed supplemented with 1 g/kg of Spirulina. Results showed that the Spirulina-fed group (T2) demonstrated superior performance, achieving a cumulative weight gain of 12.83 g and DWG of 3.49 g/day by the end of the study, compared to 5.88 g and 0.14 g/day, respectively, in the control group (T1). While the SGR improvement was minor, with T2 peaking at 0.15% and T1 at 0.12%, the RWG of the Spirulina group (46.99%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (15.31%). However, the enhanced growth came at the expense of feed efficiency, as the FCR for T2 was 2.14, compared to 1.07 in T1. These findings suggest that Spirulina supplementation enhances growth performance and nutrient utilization, though it requires higher feed input for similar efficiency. The study concludes that Spirulina can be an effective dietary supplement for aquaculture to improve productivity, particularly when rapid growth is prioritized
Studies on the Diversity and Species Composition of Odonata (Arthropoda: Insecta) from Chandgad Taluk of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India
Get PDFIn present study, a total of 66 odonate species belonging to 41 genera representing 10 families were recorded from Chandgad taluka of Kolhapur district in Northern Western Ghats. Dragonflies (Anisoptera) with 38 species (58%) were dominating the study area followed by 28 species (42%) of Damselflies (Zygoptera). Among the genera, Orthertum were in maximum number (6) of species followed by Pseudagrin were of 5 species. Libellulidae family members are recorded in the highest number (30) followed by Coenagrionidae (15). Among the study sites highest numbers of odonates were recorded from slow running stream Kitwade with 33 species and weedy pond Tawarewadi with 32 species. The fast-running stream Tilari represents the least number (3) of species. The slow running stream and weedy pond habitat support the odonate diversity compared to fast running stream, semi forest and lake side habitat