UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
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Esculetin Mitigates Ethanol and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats: Anti-apoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms
Full text linkEthanol-induced liver disease is a major global health concern. This study investigated the protective effects of esculetin against hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol and ethanol combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats, with a focus on its anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In this experiment, thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (six rats per group). The rats received ethanol (5 mL/kg b.w) for 10 days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of LPS (5 mL/kg b.w) on the 11th day. Esculetin was administered orally at 50 mg/kg b.w for the same 11-day period, one hour before ethanol or LPS administration. At the end of the study, hepatotoxicity was assessed through biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and mRNA expression analyses. Biochemical evaluation revealed significant increases in bilirubin, creatinine, and phase II detoxification enzymes, along with reductions in phase I detoxification enzymes in the ethanol and ethanol+LPS groups. Additionally, ethanol and ethanol+LPS exposure upregulated the expression of Bax, caspase-3, TNF-α, NF-κB, and COX-2, while downregulating Bcl-2 expression. However, esculetin treatment mitigated these biochemical and molecular alterations, restoring them closer to normal levels compared to the ethanol and ethanol+LPS groups. These findings suggest that esculetin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for ethanol-induced liver injury by exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Further research using this model could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying alcoholic liver disease in humans
Phylogenetic Analysis of Spider Specimens Collected from the Tropical Butterfly Conservatory, Tiruchirappalli, South India
Full text linkThis study investigates the phylogenetic relationships among five spider species using a combination of molecular techniques. This study effectively identified species by analyzing the COI gene, a common genetic marker. DNA was extracted and amplified using specific primers, and the resulting sequences showed a high degree of similarity (98-99%) to known species, validating the method\u27s reliability. Phylogenetic analysis, conducted using the Neighbour-Joining method with bootstrap support, produced a clear phylogenetic tree. Notably, the resulting Dendrogram, constructed using UPGMA in NTSYS spc2.2 software, revealed distinct clades among the spider species. Our findings demonstrate a discrepancy between the phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular data and those based on morphological characteristics. This discrepancy underscores the critical role of molecular tools in accurate taxonomic classification and a deeper understanding of spider evolutionary history
Study of Eriophyoid Mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) of Different Districts from Less Explored Places of South Bengal, India
Full text linkThe present study was conducted across various lesser known places of Southern part West Bengal from January 2024 to July 2024. This area appears to have been previously unexplored in terms of eriophyoid mite diversity. A total of 60 Eriophyoid mite species, belonging to 29 genera and 2 families were recorded, with families: Eriophyidae accounting for 85% and Diptilomiopidae for 15%. Simpson’s index and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were calculated to assess the mite community in different study areas. These mites were found on a wide variety of host plants, such as Anthocephalus kadamba, Litchi litchi, Mangifera indica, and Ficus spp., reflecting complex ecological relationships. These mites were exclusively vagrant in nature, and their presence often led to plant damage, including galls, leaf curling, and other deformities, highlighting their significant impact on plant health
Studies on Diversity and Ecology of Ants in Satara District of Maharashtra, India
Full text linkAnts are considered to be the most prominent hymenopteran social insects. Ants are dominating due to their immense biomass, and this influences species composition, manipulates tropic interaction, and shapes both the abiotic and biotic matrix of community interactions. The current study intends to investigate the diversity of ants in various agricultural environments and impact of the ant on ecological parameters in Satara district Maharashtra between Jan 2023 and Dec 2023
New Distribution Records of Terrestrial and Aquatic Beetles from Anjaw District, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Full text linkBeetles are crucial ecosystem components, serving as pollinators, decomposers, and predators. In 2023, a faunistic survey was conducted across 14 locations in Anjaw District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, a region of rich biodiversity. Coleopteran specimens were collected using light traps, hand-picking and D-type water nets. Identification of the specimens revealed 70 beetle species belonging to 49 genera and 12 families. Among the identified species, 17 represent new records for Arunachal Pradesh, significantly enhancing our understanding of the state\u27s beetle diversity. Continued exploration of lesser-studied areas in Arunachal Pradesh is expected to reveal further additions to the Coleopteran fauna
Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Infesting Chrysanthemum in Kashmir Region
Full text linkChrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora L.), native to East Asia and cultivated for over 3,000 years, holds considerable economic significance, but is highly vulnerable to pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and thrips, resulting in substantial losses in both yield and quality. Accurate pest identification is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This study focuses on the molecular identification of thrips infesting this crop. Weekly field surveys were carried out from December 2022 to January 2025 in the polyhouse experimental fields of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir. Molecular analysis involved DNA extraction, phylogenetic tree construction, and protein modeling. The study identified the thrips species as Thrips tabaci with 100% similarity, and the accession number is OR690649
New Report and Conservation Challenges for Critically Endangered Forest Owlet (Athene blewitti) in Melghat Tiger Reserve, India
Full text linkDuring a birding trip permitted by the Department of Forest and arranged by Pakshimitra NGO, a possible predicted siting of a critically endangered forest owlet (Athene blewitti) was reported for the first time in the Gullarghat-Dhargad forest range of Melghat Tiger Reserve for, Maharashtra state. In the review of 17 research reports on this species from 1872 to 2014 out of 17 reports, only 07 researchers have mentioned the exact geolocation of occurrence of this owlet. Total of 40 bird species were found in the micro-niche of the owlet habitat that belongs to 15 orders and 31 families Among these the species under order Passeriformes (35%) were 14 and 01 species each found in 7 different orders. Out of the 06 identified conservation threats the highest level of ecological and habitat threat was tourist vehicle movement in core zone, similarly, forest department settlement and activities were also one of the lowest threats identified. Continuous monitoring of occurrence, habitat status, reproduction, and nesting are suggested under special conservation programs as one of the top carnivores in the forest ecosystem
First Sight Record of Black Crested Bulbul (Rubigula flaviventris Tickell, 1833) in the Temperate Forest of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
Full text linkThe Black Crested Bulbul Rubigula flaviventris is a frugivorous species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in Southeast Asia, ranging from India to Vietnam and south China. The bird’s natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. This paper reports the first photographic and sight evidence of Rubigula flaviventris in the upper region of the temperate forest of the Darjeeling Himalaya, India. This sighting, recorded at an elevation of 2500m in Tiger Hill Forest on 14th October, 2023, supported by photographic evidence, highlights the species’ adaptability to diverse habitats. Given its solitary occurrence at this elevation, further studies are recommended to assess its habitat preferences, population status and conservation needs. This report contributes to the growing understanding of avian biodiversity in the Darjeeling Himalaya and underscores the importance of continued ornithological monitoring of the region
Review on the Role of Microbiota in Successful Fish Breeding and Reproduction
Full text linkFish reproduction is intricately linked to microbiota-diverse microbial communities residing in the gut, skin, and reproductive tracts. Beyond their roles in digestion, immunity, and pathogen defense, microbiota actively regulate gonadal development, gametogenesis, hormone balance, and mate selection, directly influencing breeding success. The gut microbiota ensures optimal nutrient assimilation and energy availability, essential for gamete production and embryonic development. Meanwhile, the skin and reproductive tract microbiota contribute to reproductive success by forming protective barriers against infections, ensuring a stable and healthy reproductive environment. These microbial communities are shaped by environmental factors such as water quality, diet, and stressors, which in turn affect reproductive performance. In aquaculture, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation has emerged as a promising approach to optimize microbial communities, leading to improved reproductive outcomes, enhanced disease resistance, and higher larval survival rates. However, challenges persist in fully deciphering the complex interactions between fish, their microbiota, and environmental variables. This review consolidates current knowledge on the role of microbiota in fish reproduction, emphasizing the potential applications of microbiota manipulation in aquaculture to enhance breeding success and overall fish health
Study the Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Corneal Injury Healing in Rabbits
Full text linkBackground: Injury in the cornea in animals tends to heal slowly due to a vascular structure. Therefore, treatments that accelerate the healing of the cornea need to be investigated.
Objective: To enhance and evaluate the healing process of corneal injury using clinical assessments and fluorescent dye examinations.
Materials & Methods: Thirty-six rabbits (Britannia Petite) were used in this study. Under general an aesthesia by injection of (10 mg/kg) xylazine and injection of (25 mg/kg) ketamine HCl, corneal injury was induced with NaOH 0.4%, applied to the cornea of the right eye for 20 seconds. The animals were divided into three groups: group one (control group, 12 rabbits), group two (treated group, 12 rabbits), and group three (treated group, 12 rabbits). The animals were examined clinically during the studied period, and fluorescence dye evaluation was performed at the 1st, 3rd, and 4th weeks post-operation.
Results: After 28 days of inducing a corneal injury, the control group still had a fibrous tissue layer and corneal opacity on the corneal surface. However, corneal opacity exhibited greater transparency. While, in the treated group, we will observe the complete healing of the eye, with the restoration of blood and nutrient supply to the cornea, resulting in the total resolution of all corneal damage.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated the Nano cerium oxide acceleration and enhanced of the corneal wound healing because have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties