International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Unani Concept of Haemorrhoid–A Review
No full textHaemorrhoid is a life style disorder, it is increasing day by day hectically. Now days it is burning issue among different strata in the community. Throughout history man has been searching haemorrhoid cures and treatment.In ancient unani medicine literature haemorrhoid described in detail. The earliest known mention of the affection transpired in Babylon around about 2250 BC which described the symptoms of haemorrhoids in the code of King Hammurabi. Interestingly, the first recorded incidence of haemorrhoids occurred in Egypt in 1700 BC written on papyrus treatment emphasized a topical wound ointment of great protection. Various Unani physicians and scholar such as Mohammad Bin ZakariyaRazi[860-932 AD], Ali Ibne Abbas Majoosi [930-994 AD) and IbneSina[980-1037 AD] have discussed that surgical resection should be a last resort as the treatment. The non-operative treatments described in Treatise on haemorrhoids include changes to lifestyle, diet and topical treatments, as well as enemas, vaporization and fumigation
Management of Dental Fluorosis-A Case Report
No full textDental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of dental enamel. Chronic ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel development lower mineral content and increased porosity. Fluorosis can be categorized as mild, moderate and severe. Mild fluorosis presents with white streaks. Moderate fluorosis demonstrates white streaking with brownish staining and severe form of fluorosis is characterized by very dark brown staining sometimes with enamel surface defects.
Discolored and pitted enamel of fluorosed teeth may be unaesthetic and may be the cause of psychological problems. Mild and moderate grade of fluorosis can be managed conservatively and effectively by enamel microabrasion, macroabrasion and bleaching though severe form of fluorosis requires veneering and crowns
Effectiveness in simultaneous detection of NS1antigen with IgM capture ELISA in diagnosis of early dengue infection
No full textDengue fever, DHF and DSS are a group of tropical disease states caused by Aedes aegypti which is the principal vector for all four distinct dengue viruses, presenting in an individual with similar clinical syndrome. [1] However confirmation of dengue infection is most essential pre-requisite in the timely management. The dengue virus non structural Ag (NS 1) that develops in initially before appearance of IgM is emerging as a suitable option for early dengue diagnosis [2].Combination of NS1 and IgM Ab detection in samples during the first few days of illness was recommended to increase overall dengue diagnostic sensitivity [3] IgM antibody capture ELISA is the most widely and commonly employed in diagnostic laboratories.The assay is based on capturing human IgM antibodies against anti-human IgM antibody[4
Role of comorbid factors in the outcome of emergency and elective general surgery
No full textAim - To study comorbid conditions and their effect on peri-operative outcome in geriatric general surgeries & to study peri-operative outcome in emergency & elective geriatric general surgeries. Material & Methods - A Prospective study of 100 patients of age 65 years & above, who underwent general surgery under any anaesthesia in index medical college, hospital & research centre from 1st january2015 to 31 july2016 were included. Result -Out of the 100 patient admitted, mean age was 71 years and the inhospitality mortality rate was 8%. comorbid conditions like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, anemia, mhypoalbuminemia , copd, IHD etc had statistically significant increase in rate of morbidity & mortality. American society of Anaesthesiologist Score (ASA) were independent predictors of postoperative mortality .chronological age alone did not have significant association with mortality. Conclusion - Preoperative investigations, physical fitness , optimization , good peri-operative care & treatment of complications is important to reduce the peri-operative morbidity & mortality.ASA class is a specific tool which is predictive of mortality in geriatric surgical patients and can be used to explain the prognosis to the patient and their families
Factor Associated with Nurse Hand Washing Handrub Compliance at the Time of Infusion Installation in X Hospital in East Java
No full textNurses compliance in hand washing was one of the factors that have a major influence on the health of nurses and patients in the prevention of nosocomial infections, since the nurses were interacting with patients for 24 hours. Problems that occur in X Hospital East Java number of nosocomial cases were greater than the number of nosocomial standards which was more than 1.5 %.This study were to determine the factors associated with nurses compliance in hand washing handrub during infusion installation in X Hospital in East Java,. This research was a quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The method used by observing handrub washing 4 times in 2 acts at the time of infusion intallation. Subjects were nurses who were in five inpatient unit. The sample size were 53 nurses. Data were collect by direct observation using a check listtable based on Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that are applicable in X Hospital in East Java.
The results showed that education was a determinant factor with the OR value 24. 357, it means that nurses with diploma education are 24 times likely to disobey washing their hands compared with undergratuated educated nurses. Education showed impacts and mostly determine the compliance of nurses hand washing handrub their hands
Clinical observation of the Efficacy of Sufoof Jawahar Mohra (A Unani Formulation) on CD4 Count in A HIV Positive Individual: A Case Study
No full textHIV/AIDS pandemic is emerging as one of the most serious health problems of this century. AIDS was first recognized in the United States in the summer of 1981. The virus causing AIDS was independently identified by a team of French Scientists led by Dr. Luc Montagnier of Pasteur Institute; and American Scientists led by Dr. Robert C. Gello, of National Cancer Institute in 1983-1984. In 1983, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was isolated from a patient with lymphadenopathy, and by 1984 it was demonstrated clearly to be the causative agent of AIDS.A 22 year old male HIV positive individual whose CD4 count was 465 (Cells per cumm) was registered in the OPD of Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Mumbai. SufoofJawaharMohra (Unani formulation) was given in the dose of 250 mg orally twice a day. The CD 4 count done at every 6 month during the treatment. It has been observed that there was a remarkable improvement in the CD4 count. The CD4 count was 465 (Cells per cumm) at base line and at the second follow up it was 571 (Cells per cumm) and in the third follow-up the CD 4 count was 685 (Cells per cumm). There was a remarkable improvement in the CD4 count without complaining of any side effects of drug
A pattern of Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Data from a rural teaching hospital
No full textBackground: Diabetes mellitus incidence is on a rise which, in turn, has increased the burden of cardiovascular and renal complications. Dyslipidemia is a known risk factor for these complications.
Objective: To describe the pattern of lipid profile in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Department of Medicine, of a rural teaching hospital. Total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerides (TG), Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were assayed using standard biochemical methods. Dyslipidaemia was defined using the national cholesterol education programme – adult treatment panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Height, weight, BMI and waist and hip circumferences were measured.
Results: The lipid profiles and lipoprotein levels of 120 known diabetic patients were studied. Waist circumference, hip circumference and waist to height ratio were significantly higher among the female diabetics. None of the patients had all the four lipid values outside the clinical target. The most frequent lipid combination was TC+HDL-C.
Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was quite common in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Control of blood sugar levels, screening and treatment of dyslipidemia will lower the micro and macro vascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients
A Study of Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthic Infections and Associated Risk Factors among the Tea Estates workers of Ilam District, Eastern Region of Nepal
No full textIntroduction: Intestinal parasites are widely prevalent in developing countries, probably due to poor sanitation and inadequate personal hygiene. It is estimated that as much as 60% of the world’s population is infected with intestinal parasites, which may play a significant role in morbidity due to intestinal infections.
Objectives: To measure the prevalence of intestinal Helminthic Infections and to identify risk factors associated with Helminthic Infections among the tea garden workers in Ilam district of Nepal.
Materials and Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among tea garden workers in Ilam district of Nepal. Out of 4 tea estates in Ilam District, 2 tea estates (Ilam Municipality and Kanyam) were selected randomly. Out of total 150 tea workers (30 in Ilam Municipality and 120 in Kanyam), 98 workers participated in the study. Semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and Microscopic Examination of Stool was done. The Chi‑square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and helminthic Infections.
Results: Overall prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections among the tea garden workers was 18.4 percent. Hookworm species was found higher (10.2%) in comparison to other worms i.e. Ascaris lumbricoides (5.1%), Trichuris trichuria (2%) and Hymenolepsis nana (1%). Risk factors like Dalit in ethnicity, not treat water before drinking, not using soap before meal and after defecation, not having latrine, not wearing sandals, unhygienic clothes cleanliness, habit of nail biting and thumb sucking were found to be significant relationship in the causation of intestinal helminthic Infections.
Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that intestinal helminthic infections remain highly endemic in the Tea Estates workers due to the poor personal hygiene and sanitary conditions. This strongly indicates a need for a comprehensive program to combat intestinal helminthes associated morbidity and mortality
A study on the Indications of Tonsillectomy as encountered in a Tertiary Government setup of Northeastern India
No full textIntroduction: Tonsillectomy is one of the commonly performed surgical procedure in Otolaryngology practice. Though there have been different studies and guidelines on the indications of tonsillectomy, doubt still persists in few cases; whether Tonsillectomy will be beneficial over conservative treatment. In this study, we endeavor to evaluate the existing and emerging trends of the Indications of Tonsillectomy, to identify patients who are the best candidates for Tonsillectomy, to evaluate whether Tonsillectomy is conducted keeping in view the standard available guidelines by comparing with the available evidence based literature.
Materials and Methods: A 2 years prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of ENT, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, with 233 patients, who were selected as the candidates for Tonsillectomy, from April 2014 to March 2016.
Results: Recurrent Tonsillitis (74.67%), meeting standard guidelines, was the most common indication of Tonsillectomy in our study, followed by Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) (14.59%) Other indications were Stylalgia, Suspected Neoplasia in unilateral Tonsillar enlargement, Recurrent Peritonsillar abscess, Recurrent Tonsillitis with Serous Otitis Media. There were a couple of Tonsillectomy cases in our study which did not meet the available guidelines.
Conclusion: The different trends and guidelines followed for the indications of Tonsillectomy in different places and set-ups is attributed to the physicians’ varying practices and to the patients’ varying conditions and compliance. Further large scale studies are warranted to reach some unanimous guidelines for the indications of Tonsillectomy
Acid base disturbances in uncontrolled type II Diabetes Mellitus.
No full textAim: To estimate pH, pCO2, pO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3─) levels in arterial blood of diabetes mellitus type II patients. Material and Method: 90 subjects above the age of 40 years were participated in the present study, subdivided in Group 1: 30 diabetic subjects suffering from diabetes mellitus type II as diagnosed by the physician and having random plasma glucose < 400 mg/dl. Group 2: 30 diabetic subjects suffering from diabetes mellitus type II as diagnosed by the physician and having random plasma glucose ≥ 400 mg dl (uncontrolled). Control group: 30 non-diabetic subjects. Arterial blood samples were collected from radial artery in a heparinised syringe. Result: Arterial pH was not significantly decreased (> 0.05) when Group 1 (7.38 ± 0 .09) was compared with control group (7.405 ± 0.044) but significantly decreased (< 0. 05) when Group 2 (7.31 ± 0.11) was compared with control group (7.405 ± 0.044) as well as significantly decreased (< 0.05) when Group 2 (7.31 ± 0.11) was compared with Group 1 (7.38 ± 0.09). Arterial pCO2 was not significantly decreased (>0.05) when Group 1 (36.13 ± 14.20) was compared with control group (39.56 ± 4.50) but significantly decreased (< 0. 05) when Group 2 (31.93 ± 9.50) was compared with control group (39.56 ± 4.50) as well as significantly decreased (< 0.05) when Group 2 (31.93 ± 9.50) was compared with Group 1 (36.13 ± 14.20).
Arterial pO2 was not significantly decreased (>0.05) when Group 1 (88.06 ± 7.09) was compared with) control group (93.16 ± 5.18) but highly significantly decreased (< 0.001) when Group 2 (81.23 ± 12.96) was compared with control group (93.16 ± 5.18) as well as significantly decreased (< 0.05) when Group 2 (81.23 ± 12.96) was compared with Group 1 (88.06 ± 7.09). Plasma (HCO3─) was not significantly decreased (>0.05) when Group 1 (20.99 ± 6.72) was compared with control group (22.65 ± 1.58) but significantly decreased (< 0.05) when Group 2 (16.95 ± 5.69) was compared with control group (22.65 ± 1.58) as well as significantly decreased (<0.05) when Group 2 (16.95 ± 5.69) was compared with Group 1 (20.99 ± 6.72). Conclusion: Uncontrolled hyperglycemia (group 2 cases) is significantly associated with acid base imbalance in type II diabetes mellitus patients