International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Spectrum of BMI & Assessment of Body Composition in Female Medical Students and Role of Riyazat (Exercise) in the Management of Obesity
No full textBody mass index (BMI),can be calculated from the mass (weight) and height of an individual. The BMI is an attempt to quantify the amount of tissue mass (muscle, fat, bone) in an individual, and then categorize that person as underweight, normalweight, overweight or obese based on that value. Commonly accepted BMI ranges are underweight: under 18.5, normalweight: 18.5-25, overweight: 25-30, obese: over 30. Obese persons are prone to various type of disorders like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol and high triglycerides level, certain types of cancer and osteoarthritis. Obesity is observed in most of the college going students. Students residing at hostels either eat tiffin food or canteen food. They don’t have balanced diet. They usually consume junk food having high calorie value together with lack of Riyazat (exercise) which leads to obesity. Hence a randomized clinical assessment of BMI and body composition of female medical students residing at Azam Campus Girls Hostel (Pune) between 18-25 years of age group has been carried out. BMI and their body composition is compared with above mentioned range. Conclusions were drawn after appropriate statistical analysis. Dietary advice and Riyazat(Exercise) has been explained to the female students having higher BMI and higher percentage of general body fats
Effect of Long Term Exposure to Petrol Fumes on Liver Function- A Study in Petrol Pump Attendants
No full textPetrol is an integral part of modern world. Various studies suggest that ingredients of petrol have a toxic effect on various organs. Petrol pump attends are exposed to petrol fumes. This study was conducted in petrol pump attendants in Pune city to study the effect of long term exposure to petrol fumes on liver function. Study group consisted of 30 petrol pump attendants (25-45 yrs) with a history of exposure of more than 5 years. Control group were also in the same age group with no h/o exposure to petrol fumes. Peripheral venous blood was collected and Liver function test was studied. Serum Bilirubin- Direct & Indirect, Alanine Amino transferase ( ALT) Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) Alkaline Phosphatase, Total protein, Albumin & Globulin were measure in the test group as well as control group. The data was compared statistically using student’s‘t’ test. Serum bilirubin (both direct & indirect), ALT, AST, Alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in the test group compared to control group. Total protein, albumin and globulin were also elevated in test group compared to control group. There is a possible toxic effect of petrol fumes on hepatocytes which is minimal at present but can progress to more damage if the exposure continues
Stem cells and oral squamous cell carcinoma
No full textCancer stem cells(CSCs) are a small population of cells in a tumor. They have the ability to self-renew and maintain the tumor. This review focuses on this concept of cancer stem cells, serving their purpose and leading to the development of tumor. There are many cell biomarkers which have been described for the identification and characterization of cancer stem cells. Also, the role of CSCs in cancer is newer arena of research these days
Comparison of Clinical Markers of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia between Age Matched Diabetic and Non Diabetic Men
No full textAim: In this study, the correlation between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), lower urinary tract symptoms due to BPH and diabetes between age matched group of patients was correlated.
Material and Methods: In the study 100 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms were included out of which 50 were diabetic (Group 1)and 50 were non diabetic (Group 2) These were further subdivided in age matched groups of 50 to 60 years and from 61 to 70 years. Clinical parameters compared between the two age matched groups of diabetic and non diabetic men were BMI, IPSS, serum PSA, prostate volume and peak urinary flow rate. Comparison of these various clinical parameters was done between the age matched groups. Statistical analysis was done using Student’s t test taking a p value of less than 0.05 as significant.
Results: On comparison of the various clinical factors it was found that in both the age groups diabetic patients were found to have significantly higher irritative lower urinary tract symptoms while the total international prostatic symptom score (IPSS) was significantly higher only in age group 60 to 70years. No correlation was found between diabetes and prostate volume, serum PSA or peak urinary flow rate in BPH patients.
Conclusions: Diabetes in association with benign prostatic hyperplasia leads to significantly higher dynamic components of lower urinary tract dysfunction without any significant effect on prostate size. Hence proper evaluation of men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms and diabetes is must before contemplating any kind of treatment
Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia and Its Inter-Relationship with Hematological Parameters in Malaria.
No full textBackground: Malaria is a disease known since the middle ages and despite huge progress in medical sciences still remains a cause of significant number of deaths annually.The key to limiting morbidity and mortality in malaria is early diagnosis, prompt treatment and vector control. Our aim was to explore a possible relationship between the platelet (platelet count and mean platelet volume) and other hematological parameters which could be reliably identified inany average clinical laboratory.
Materials and methods: A single EDTA anticoagulated venous blood sample drawn from patients proven to have malaria by thick and thin peripheral blood smear examination were included. Hematological parameters were obtained in Coulter LH500. The results were compared with healthy controls drawn from the local population. Analysis was done by ANOVA.
Results: A total of 150 patients were included in the study. Ninety of them were infected with P vivax and 60 withP falciparum. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 87% of the cases of malaria. As compared to the controls a strong positive correlation was found between the platelet count and neutrophil percentage and a negative relationship was observed with lymphocyte count. Also the normal relationship observed in controls between the platelet s and the red blood cell parameters such as the hemoglobin (Hb) hematocrit (HCT),mean corpuscular volume(MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)was lost. The inverse relationship between platelet count(PC) and mean platelet volume(MPV) was also lost.
Conclusion: There exists a relationship between the platelet and other hematologic parameters. Further study as to usefulness of these parameters in diagnosis or prognosis needs to be explored
Role of cell block as an adjunct diagnostic test in the peritoneal fluid cytology of female genital tract diseases
No full textContext (Background): Conventional Cytology method of evaluation of peritoneal fluid is diagnostically challenging. Studies assessing the efficacy of cell block as an adjunct diagnostic test in peritoneal fluid samples are only few in numbers.
Aims: This study was conducted to compare the diagnostic efficacy of conventional smear method and cell block method in the peritoneal fluid samples of women who were suffering from various diseases of genital tract
Methods and material: A descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary health care centre, on 168 fluid samples, received over a span of one year. Each fluid sample was divided into two parts: conventional smear was done in one part initially followed by cell block study in second part. The results of both methods were scored separately and the scores of each method were compared with the histopathology,which is the gold standard in this study. The data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and statistically analyzed by SPSS soft ware.
Results and conclusions: Cell block method is a superior method to conventional smear method in fluid cytology and can be used as an adjunct diagnostic method
Prevalence of Osteoporosis in General Population above 50 Yrs of Age
No full textOsteoporosis is currently a public health problem of major concern in Indiawhich leads to increased susceptibility to fracture. The condition clinically manifest in the form of generalized body ache, hip fracture, distal radius fracture or vertebral fractures. The level of peak bone mass is achieved by early adulthood and thereafter there is a progressive loss of bone density, roughly estimated to be around 1 per cent per year. Bone mineral density (BMD) is strongly influenced by body weight, Vitamin D levels, hormone replacement therapy sedentary life style, chronic liver disease, endocrinal disorders, smoking, excessive alcohol and caffeine intake. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis by measuring bone density,
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE The study intends to know the prevalence, distribution of osteoporosis by measurement of bone mineral density using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at L1-L5 vertebrae
METHOD: This is a prospective study in which 250 patients above 50 year of age were selected who presented with generalized body ache, backache and patients who were willing to be part of study. All patients underwent DEXA scan for estimation of bone mineral density at L1-L5 vertebrae.
RESULTS:In our study 176 patients were females and 74 male. 147(58.8%) patients were aged between 50-59 years, 79(31.6%) patients were aged between 60-69 years and 24(9.6%) were above 70 years. Mean age in study was 59.6 years with age ranging from 50yrs to 81.6 years. Mean height and weight was 158.87cms and 65.46kgs respectively. Mean BMD was found to be lower in patients aged >70. Mean T score and Z score was -1.3360 and -.5509 respectively. Over all Prevalence of osteoporosis was found to be 27.2%, and that of osteopenia was 41.6%.
CONCLUSION : Both sexes are equally at risk of developing osteoporosis. Risk of developing osteoporosis increases with increasing age. BMD is less in females compared to males. One of the important determinants of bone health is BMI which is directly proportional to BMD.The findings from the study suggest the need for large community‑based studies so that high‑risk population can be picked up and early interventions and other life style changes can be instituted
How to Prepare an Outstanding Journal Club Presentation in Unani Post Graduation
No full textJournal club presentations provide a forum through which Unani trainees keep abreast of new developments in Unani medicines and engage in informal discussion and interaction. Furthermore, practicing presentation skills and mastering the ability to critically appraise the evidence add to our armamentarium as Unani clinicians. Outlined here is a systematic approach to preparing a journal club presentation, with emphasis on key elements of the talk and references for electronic resources. Use of these tools and techniques will contribute to the success of your presentation
Comparison of the rate of success and incidence of complications associated with percutaneous cervical central venous cannulation of internal and external jugular vein.
No full textIntroduction: The central venous pressure monitoring is indispensable when the replacement of moderate or large amounts of blood or fluid is anticipated. The present study was designed to evaluate an easy, dependable and safe method of percutaneous cervical central venous catheter placement in the “central veins" via the external or internal jugular vein, employing a flexible angiographic J-tip guide wire. Material & Methods: After the institutional ethical committee approval, we studied 100 patients meeting inclusion criteria of either sex requiring central venous pressure monitoring during the hospital stay.Written consent was taken from all the patients after explaining the procedure in the language they understand. Results: Internal jugular vein cannulation was accomplished successfully in 94% of patients and External jugular vein catheterization yielded 80 % success rate. Internal jugular vein is the vein of choice for central venous access as it is subject to almost no anomalies or positional variations. Conversely, external jugular vein catheterization appears to be safer without any serious sequelae but is less predictable for successful cannulation because of its tortuous course, presence of venous valves or due to presence of venous plexus just above the clavicle
Evaluation of efficacy of Marhame Ahmar in the treatment of haemorrhoids: Randomized placebo controlled double blind study
No full textIntroduction: Haemorrhoid is one of the commonestdisease affecting five percent of general population and are vascular and connective tissue cushions that exist in three columns in the anal canal. Although advanced cases need surgery and outpatient procedures, mild cases having gad I & II got relief with conservative treatments including stool softener, local ointments, sitz bath and diet therapy. Unani system of medicine has treasure of remedies (oral and local) to treat the haemorrhoids.. Our emphasis was to study scientifically the local anti-haemorrhoidal efficacy of the compound formulary ointment ‘Marahame Ahmar’ mentioned in one of the authentic Unani pharmacopoeia “QrabadeenKabeer” with reference to Hippocrates.
Materials and Methods:This placebo controlled double blind studywas conducted on 60 patients (both sexes) between the ages 21-50 years of 1st and early 2nd degree uncomplicated internal haemorrhoids. Group A or test group received MarhameAhmar, a Unani formulation for local application, whereas group B or placebo group administrated matching placebo locally in the form of ointment. Total duration of study was 45 days. Findings of all patients in each group were recorded on baseline, 15thday, 30thday and 45thday of treatment. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each.The data so obtained were subjected to computerized statistical analysis using Kruskal Wallis test.
Results:the test drug is found highly significant (p< 0.0001) while the placebo did not produce any change in the parameters. Bleeding per rectum in test group was reduced significantly, since initial period of study and haemoglobin level also improved. Size of pile masses was decreased remarkably and till the end of the study they disappeared in majority of cases.
Conclusion:The present study shows that the test preparation ‘MarhamAhmar’ is very useful in grade I and early grade II haemorrhoids