International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Assessment of rifampicin resistance in re-treatment cases of pulmonary tuberculosis using gene-xpert
No full textObjective: To assess the rifampicin resistance in re-treatment cases of pulmonary tuberculosis using gene-xpert.Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Pulmonology Bahawal VictoriaHospital, Bahawalpur. Total 145 patients who came for re-treatment of TB either male or female having age 20-60years were selected for this study.Results: Mean age of the patients was 45.79 ± 11.65 years and mean duration of TB was 5.44 ± 2.9 years. Rifampicinresistance was found in 55 (38%) cases by using gene-xpert test. Rifampicin resistance is significantly associated withgender but insignificantly associated with age and duration of TB.Conclusion: In present study very high percentage of rifampicin resistance was found in retreatment cases of TB byusing gen-xpert test. Significant association of gender with rifampicin resistance was noted but insignificantassociation of age and duration of TB with rifampicin resistance was detected
During Pregnancy the Comparison of Hydralazine and Nifedipine for Severe Hypertension
No full textObjective: The research paper aims at the comparison of Nifedipine and Hydralazine safety and efficacy in the hypertension management during pregnancy.
Study Design: The in-hand research design is RCT (Randomized Control Trial).
Place and Duration: The venue of the in-hand research paper was Mother and Child Health Unit-II which is located in Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. The research commenced from 1st January, 2017 and concluded on 1st July, 2017.
Methodology: The number of patients included in research paper was. These patients were diagnosed hypertension and their age was beyond twenty-eight weeks of gestation were enrolled as sample of the research paper after informed consent. Total number of patients was divided into two groups namely Nifedipine and Hydralazine groups. Patients were allocated groups randomly either Nifedipine or Hydralazine group. Before the start of treatment on the right side the blood pressure was checked in supine position, the same check was repeated at the interval of half hour continuously till two hours. Patients were also noticed for the presence of any side effect of the drugs.
Results: Initial mean Blood Pressure reading was noted as 170/113 mmHg. One-hour time was effective for the control of systolic blood pressure of Nifedipine group; whereas, one and half hour was for the Hydralazine group. Both the groups were observed same time for the diastolic blood pressure that was one hour respectively for both the groups. Mean time of four and a half days was observed for the pregnancy prolongation in Nifedipine group; whereas, the same time for the Hydralazine group was two days. The p-value was significantly calculated as 0.02. Nifedipine group was treated with few doses of medication. Hydralazine group reflected association of palpitation, flushing, persistent Hypertension and tachycardia with the respective proportions of 56%, 56%, 16.7% and greater than 110 bpm (20%). No other significant difference was observed in the scaled variables of feto-maternal results with an exception of headache caused by Nifedipine in seventy-three percent of the cases after drug administration.
Conclusion: In the scholastic research it is concluded that during pregnancy hypertension can best be controlled through Nifedipine in comparison with Hydralazine
Knowledge and Practice about Breast Feeding Among Doctors of QAMC and B.V.H, Bahawalpur
No full textObjective: The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge and practice of breast feeding among married doctors working in QAMC and B.V.H Bahawalpur.Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study.Study Setting: The Study was conducted on Married doctors working in QAMC and B.V.H Bahawalpur under thesupervision of Department of Community Medicine.Sample Size: 100 female doctors were selected from 476 female doctors working in QAMC and B.V.H Bahawalpur.Data Analysis: Data was entered and analyzed manually. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. The data was presented in the form of tables and graphs.Results:In our study a sample of 100 female doctors from QAMC & BVH as taken with a mean age 34.5 years. The age distribution showed that maximum respondent 44% belong to 29-38 years age group. Result showed that 62% were of 17 grade. 100% doctor knew that breast feeding was healthy & important. Regarding knowledge 84% had knowledge of importance of breast feeding. 80% knew that it could be continued upto 2 year and 44% thought that it should be continued in maternal diseases and 98% thought that it should be continued in infant diseases. Regarding practices 82% breastfed their child and among them 3% fed immediately and 95% gave colostrum to their child. Among the respondent 10% don’t fed their child due to physician prescription & because of preference of formula milk.Conclusion: All of the female married doctors had knowledge about importance of breast feeding. Most of them breast fed their last child. The reasons for breast feeding were breast milk advantages as healthy, safe, in expensive, good immunity, economical and protection against breast cancer. Mothers who did not practice had problems like pain, jobs, medical condition & formula milk preference
Analysis of Fracture Union in Patients with Subtrochanteric Femoral Fractures Managed with Dynamic Condylar Screw
No full textObjective: To evaluate thefracture union in patients with subtrochanteric femoral fractures managed with dynamic condylar screw.
Material and methods: This was a case series study and was conducted at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal from June 2016 to May 2017. Total 90 patients with closed subtrochanteric fractures (within the 1 week of fracture), having age from 20-70 years either male or female were selected.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 39.53 ± 15.08 years. Mean duration of fracture was 4.10 ± 1.99 days. Out of 90 patients with subtrochanteric fracture, union was noted in 71 (79%) patients. In age group 20-45 years, union rate was 53 (85.48%) and in age group 46-70 years and union rate was 18 (64.29%). Union of fracture was seen in 5 (29.41%) patients, 39 (92.86%) patients and 27 (87.17%) patients respectively in Type A, B and C fractures. Union was strongly (P = 0.000) associated with type of fracture. Higher number of union was noted in type B fracture.
Conclusion: A higher rate of fracture union was observed in cases of subtrochanteric femoral fractures treated by fixation with dynamic condylar screw system. Findings of present also revealed that fracture union is not associated with gender. But significant association of fracture union with age group, duration of disease and type of fracture
A Cross Sectional Study on Assessment of Depression among Patients of Diabetes Mellitus
No full textObjective:An assessment of Depression among patients of diabetes mellitus presenting at THQ Hospital Samanabad, FaisalabadMaterials & Methods: A total of 196 patients with diabetes mellitus of age 18-65 years of either gender were included. Patients with history of mood disorders, psychotic disorders, anxiety disorders prior to onset of DM, other chronic disease and any drug addiction were excluded. The demographic information like name, age, sex, socioeconomic status and duration of disease was noted in each patient. All patients were assessed by single psychiatrist, using DSM-IV criteria for Depression (yes / no)Results: Mean age was 53.35 ± 6.71 years in our study with majority of the patients 97 (49.49%) were between 51 to 65 years of age.Out of the 196 patients, 89 (45.41%) were male and 107 (54.59%) were females with male to female ratio of 1:1.2. Majority of patients 54.41% belonged to upper socioeconomic status. Depression was found in 47 (23.98%) patients, whereas there were 149 (76.02%) patients having no depression.Conclusion: Our study concluded that prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was much higher and has shown positive association with extremes of ages and duration of disease
Inter relationship of micronutrients in the prognosis of ovarian cancer at stage II in Pakistani women
No full textIntroduction: Cancer cells are characterized by the attainment of several characteristics that enable them to become tumorigenic. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Objectives of the study: The main objective of the study is to find the level of micronutrients in ovarian cancer patients.
Materials and methods: The whole experimental work was conducted in the hospitals of Abbottabad with the correlation of SKMH Lahore. All experiment is done according to the rules and regulations of authority. For this study we select the 20 female patients who was suffering from ovarian cancer. The blood was drawn for further analysis of micronutrients. Result: The criteria used for tumor grading and to separate borderline tumors from carcinomas depend on histologic subtype. These results are based on modern criteria for histotyping ovarian carcinomas. Serous carcinomas show a very broad spectrum of histologic appearances, which contrast with most other primary ovarian carcinomas in which morphologic variation is considerably less. Conclusion: It is concluded from our findings that the level of micronutrients become decreases and it also create different issues like weakness and other hormonal and blood problems
Nasal Packing with Ventilated Nasal Packs; a Comparison with Traditional Vaseline Nasal Pack
No full textObjectives: Compare the advantages of ventilated nasal packing with conventional Waseda's nasal packing.
Research design: Randomized controlled trial.
Materials and Methods: In this investigation, a sample size of 80 patients was calculated utilizing a WHO calculator. Patients were isolated into two gatherings utilizing the lottery strategy endotracheal tube and surgical gloves loaded with lace goose were utilized for the manufactured ventilated nasal packs and compared with traditional nasal packs. Nasal obstruction and sleep disturbances were learned at 8 and 24 hours postoperatively utilizing a visual analog scale.
Results: Mean nasal obstruction by ventilated intranasal pack was 45.62 ± 6.17, Vaseline sinus pack was 77.67 ± 4.85, statistically significant (p = 0.001) in the two gatherings. The mean sleep disturbances in the two gatherings were 46.32 ± 5.23 and 68.75 ± 2.70, separately, and were statistically significant (p = 0.001) in the two gatherings.
Conclusion: Patients with ventilated nasal packs were found to have great resistance to nasal packs because of less nasal obstruction and sleep disturbance.
 
Antecedents of Bronchial Asthma in Children of a Rural Population of Pakistan
No full textIntroduction: Bronchial asthma is the most frequent disease in childhood. Its prevalence in Karachi is from 8.2 to 8.5% in urban areas and 7.5% in rural areas. Its etiology is multifactorial.
Objectives: To identify the associated risk factors that influence the development of bronchial asthma in children belonging to clinics 5 and 10 of Ruben Batista Rubio de Karachi polyclinic from September / 2016 to October / 2017.
Method: An analytical study of cases and controls was carried out. The cases were 31 asthmatics. 1 x 1 matching was performed. Socio-demographic and biomedical variables were studied. The information of the clinical histories was obtained. Chi-square and Odds Ratio tests were used.
Results: They presented a family history of atopy and bronchial asthma, 19 cases, 3 controls, X2 = 13.11. In the prenatal stage, 19 cases (61.29%) had exposure to an allergen, X2 = 5.72 OR = 4.55. Respiratory infections with wheezing before 2 years presented 20 cases, (64.52%), X2 = 16.73 OR = 4.44. Early ablation of 19 cases, (61.19%) 3 controls, (9.98%), X2 = 13.11, OR = 14.78.
Conclusions: Male patients between 5 and 10 years old were the most frequent. Family history of bronchial asthma and / or atopy, exposure to allergens in the prenatal stage, low birth weight, respiratory infections with wheezing before 2 years, early ablation and malnutrition by excess were identified as factors of associated risks that influenced the development of bronchial asthma
Assessment of fracture union in patients of subtrochanteric femoral fractures managed with dynamic condylar screw system and its association with type of fracture
No full textObjective: To assessthe fracture union in patients of subtrochanteric femoral fractures managed with dynamic condylar screw system and its association with type of fracture.
Material and methods: This was case series study and was conducted at Department of Orthpaedic Surgery DHQ Hospital Vehari. Total 80 patients with closed subtrochanteric fractures (within the 1 week of fracture) either male or female having age from 20 years to 70 years were recruited. Patients were managed with dynamic condylar screw system. Union of fracture was assessed after 8 weeks of surgery.
Results: Mean age of the patients with subtrochanteric femoral fractures was 38.75±14.33 years and mean duration of fracture was 4.33±1.42 days. Total 80 patients were managed with dynamic condylar screw system and after 8 weeks, all the patients were assessed for union of fracture and union was found in 55 (69%) patients. Union of fracture was noted in 4 (26.27%) patients, 33 (89.19%) patients and 18 (64.29%) patients respectively in type A, B and C fracture. Highly significant association between union and type of fracture was noted with p value 0.000.
Conclusion: Findings of present study showed high rate of union in patients of subtrochanteric femoral fractures treated by fixation with dynamic condylar screw system. Union of fracture is significantly associated with type of fracture and duration of fracture
Obstructive Spirometeric Patterns and Its reversibility against Short acting ß-2 Agonist in Patients with Bronchiectasis
No full textObjectives: To determine the frequency of obstructive pattern of spirometry in bronchiectasis patients.
Material and methods: This case series study was conducted at Department of Pulmonology, Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Total 143 patients with bronchiectasis having age 30-60 years either male or female and having duration of symptoms ≥1 years were selected for this study.
Results: Total 143 patients with Bronchiectasis were selected for this study. Mean age of the patients was 47.56 ± 9.11 years, mean weight, mean height and mean BMI was 68.01 12.22, 59.63 ± 4.21 and 29.84 5.71 respectively. Out of 143 patients of Bronchiectasis, Positive obstructive pattern was noted in 80 (55.9%) patients and reversibility was noted in 45 (56.25%) patients.
Conclusion:Results of this study showed a higher number of positive obstructive pattern in patients of bronchiectasis and percentage reversibility is also very high. Reversibility was significantly associated with age of the patients and duration of disease