International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Evaluation of Awareness and Usages of Simple and Processed Water Users Concerning Water Borne Diseases
No full textThe study was conducted in Shadman and Shahjamal, Lahore. The research focuses on the awareness and uses of water consumers in the area and its connection with the water-borne diarrheal diseases.
In the study, water taken from WASA supply or Private Bore Pumps and Boiled water was taken to be as “Plain”. While “filtered” water was standardized as water either from filter plants or from house-hold filters. “Water-borne diarrheal diseases” are taken as the infectious diseases caused by fecal (animal or human) or chemical contamination of water.
This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized systematic random sampling, with a sample size of 100. Each participant was required to fill out a pretested questionnaire. The data collected was examined by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 16.0.
Filtered water consumers included a lower percentage of individuals who had suffered from water-borne infections and were seen to have more knowledge regarding water treatment practices and spread of water-borne illnesses. Contrarily, plain water consumers included a higher percentage of individuals who had suffered from water-borne diarrheal diseases and a lower percentage were aware of water treatment practices and water-borne illnesses.
Analytical results display a reduced occurrence of water-borne diarrheal diseases associated with filtration treatment of drinking water as compared to consumption of plain, untreated water
Impact of blood pressure and hypertension in the risk assessment of heart diseases among young people
No full textIntroduction: Hypertension is a significant public health problem, with a worldwide prevalence of 40.8% and a control rate of 32.3. Hypertension is a noteworthy hazard factor for various genuine health conditions, including cardiovascular ailment, cerebrovascular malady, and constant kidney illness. Objectives of the study: The main objective of the study is to find the effect of blood pressure and hypertension in the risk assessment of heart diseases among young people.Methodology of the study: This study was conducted at Islam teaching hospital and Victoria hospital Bahawalpur, Pakistan. This study was conducted according to the rules and regulations of ethical committee of hospital. This research will help towards next findings of effect of blood pressure in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.Results: The data shows that there is a significant relationship between hypertension and CVD. There is also some positive relationship between socio-economic status and hypertension with respect to CVD. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current hypertension paradigm does not account for the continuous risk associated with elevated BP or the multifactorial nature of CVD, the primary consequence of elevated BP. 
Pattern of development of Hepatitis ‘C’ and its relation to the family history among the patients in Liver Centre DHQ, Pakistan
No full textThe prevalence of hepatitis C is increasing day by day all over the world. Most particularly in Pakistan hundreds of thousands of people are dying by acquisition HCV virus. There is no vaccine available and its treatment is very expensive, we being the under-developed country, solely have an obvious option regarding accurate determination of risk factors in our community to minimize economic strain and scheming for better prevention strategies. The need of the day is to conduct such types of studies on immediate basis. Main objective of this study is to find out associated factors with hepatitis C through surveys and research for hepatitis C patients in Faisalabad. A cross sectional survey from 38 patients was conducted on self-designed questionnaire from one major hospital DHQ of Faisalabad. Further study was to analyse risk factors and its relationship to the family history. The most frequent risk factors among patients with hepatitis C are married patients, illiterate patients, family history of hepatitis, surgical operations and road accidents, patients’ age, patient history of jaundice, and shaving by barber. Married patients and family history of hepatitis are the common factors in both urban and rural population. Risk of hepatitis C is found to be highest in urban Married patients. It is concluded that some risk factors for the transmission of HCV are different in urban and rural areas. Moreover, in Pakistan, this study revealed that the family history of this disease is found to be a vital risk factor. Finally, our study Models can be used for the prediction of pattern of development of hepatitis C in majority of the patients
A Comparative Study on Therapeutic modalities in the Management of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in Parturient in Cesarean Delivery
No full textObjective: was to compare the two therapeutic modalities, fluid preloading and ephedrine, in the management of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery.
Methodology: Following ethical approval from Mayo hospital ethical committee and informed consent from patients study was started in Department of Anaesthesia. Duration of study was one year from November 2016 to October 2017. A total of 90 patients were enrolled through non probability consecutive sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups 45 patients in each. Group F for fluid preload patients and group E for ephedrine receiving patients. Required data was collected on preformed performa. Data information was entered in SPSS version 24 and analyzed for variables. Continuous variables were presented as mean and SD and categorical data was presented as numbers and percentages (%). Independent t-test was applied to see significance of results. P value equal or less than 0.05 was considered as significance.
Results: Overall, 90 women were included in this study. The study consisted of two equal groups, 50% in each, i.e. F group and E group respectively. Mean trend of systolic blood pressure was shown in table 2. Higher means were observed in E group than in F group. The difference was statistically significant with regards to groups (P < 0.05). The mean trend of heart rate was shown in table 3. Higher means heart rates were observed in the E group as compare to the F group. The differences were statistically significant with regards to groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Results of our study revealed that use of ephedrine is superior to that of fluid preloading in managing hypotension after spinal anesthesia in cesarean section deliveries
Hypertensive patients and its association with age and gender: Evaluation of resistant hypertension
No full textObjective: To evaluate the resistant hypertension in hypertensive patients and its association with age and gender.
Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Basic Health Unit, Hassan Mandi Bahauddin . Total 146 hypertensive patients having age 40-70 years either male or female were selected for this study. Resistant hypertension was assessed in hypertensive patients.
Results: Total 146 hypertensive patients were selected for this study. Mean age of the patients was 58.26 ± 8.656 years. Out of 146 hypertensive patients, resistant hypertension was found in 37 (25%) patients and 109 (75%) patients were not found with resistant hypertension. Total 50 (34.25%) patients belonged to age group 40-55 years and resistant hypertension was present in 11 (22%) patients. Total 96 (65.75%) patients belonged to age group 56-70 years and resistant hypertension was present in 26 (27.08%) patients. Total 68 (46.58%) patients were male and resistant hypertension was noted in 11 (16.18%) patients. Total 78 (53.42%) patients were female and resistant hypertension was noted in 26 (33.33%) patients.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed a high percentage of resistant hypertension in hypertensive patients. Development of resistant hypertension is not associated with age of the patients. But significant association between resistant hypertension and gender of the patients was observed. 
Evaluation of dyslipidemia in normal and underweight diabetics patient and its association with BMI and gender
No full textObjectives: To assess the frequency of dyslipidemia in type II diabetes mellitus in normal and underweight patients.
Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Basic Health Unit, Manzabta District Okara. Total 218 type II diabetics having age 30-70 years either male or female, having BMI 15 to 24.99 were selected for this study. Five ml fasting blood sample was taken and sent to laboratory for lipid profile.
Results: In present study total 218 type 2 diabetics were selected. Mean age of the patients was 48.33 ± 13.85 years, mean weight was 52.66 ± 8.63 Kg, mean height was 61.54 ± 2.46 inches and mean BMI was 22.73 ± 2.45. Out of 218 diabetics, dyslipidemia was noted in 152 (70%) patients.Total 163 (74.77%) patients were normal weight and 55 (25.23%) patients were under weight. Dyslipidemia was noted in 140 (85.9%) normal weight patients and 12 (21.8%) underweight patients. Significantly (P = 0.000) higher rate of dyslipidemia was noted in normal weight patients as compared to underweight patients.
Conclusion: In present study, higher rate of dyslipidemia was noted in type II diabetics. There were not association of dyslipidemia with age and gender. But highly significant association of dyslipidemia with normal and underweight was noted
Assessment of abnormal celiac serological marker in newly diagnosed cases of DM-I without gastrointestinal tract symptoms
No full textObjective: To assess the abnormal celiac serological marker (anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA) in newly diagnosed cases of DM-I without gastrointestinal tract symptoms.
Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Pediatric Medicine, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Total 87 newly diagnosed of DM-I without GIT symptoms either male or female having age from 6-16 years were selected for this study.
Results: Mean age of the children was 11.43 ± 3.78 years. Out of 70 patients, total 17 (20%) patients found with abnormal celiac serological markers. Total 12 (13.79%) patients were found with family history of DM and abnormal celiac serological marker was seen in 5 (41.67%) patients. Total 75 (86.21%) patients found without family history of DM and abnormal celiac serological marker was seen in 12 (16%) patients. Association between abnormal celiac serological marker and family history of DM was statistically significant with p value 0.05.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed a high percentage of abnormal celiac serological marker. Insignificant association of abnormal celiac serological marker with age and gender was detected. But significantly associated with family history of diabetes mellitus. 
Comparison of Lactulose plus Rifaxamin versus Lactulose Alone For Hepatic Encephalopathy
No full textObjective;Comparison of lactulose plus Rifaxamin versus lactulose alone for hepatic encephalopathy.
Patients and methods:this was a randomized control trial conducted at Service Hospital, Lahore. In the present study, the cases of hepatic encephalopathy of both genders having age of 30 to 70 years were included. The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy was made according to the West Haven Criteria and cases were divided into four groups accordingly. The group A was given Lactulose in the form of syrups in a dose of 30 ml three times a day and Rifaxamin in a dose of 550 mg twice daily while in group B, the lactulose only was given in a dose of 30 ml three times a day. Efficacy was labelled as yes where there were no signs and symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy.
Results;In the present study 100 cases of hepatic encephalopathy (50 in each group) were selected with mean age of 47.43± 7.21 years in group A and 51.24±9.28 years in group B. In Group A, there were 31 (62%) males and in group B there were 30 (60%) males and the rest were females. There were 28 (56%) cases in Child pugh class C in group A and 31 (62%) in group B with no significant difference (p=0.34). There was also no difference in terms of grade of hepatic encephalopathy in both the groups with p= 0.57. There was significant difference in outcome in the form of efficacy which was seen in 36 (72%) in group A and 29 (58%) in group B while mortality in 14 (28%) in group A and 21 (42%) n group B respectively with p values of 0.01 in each group.
Conclusion; Hepatic encephalopathy can be fatal. The combination of Rifaxamin and Lactulose has shown significant better difference both in term of mortality as well as efficacy
Comparative analysis of high dose methyldopa and low dose methyldopa with nifedipine in terms of blood pressure in cases of pregnancy induced hypertension
No full textObjective: Comparison between Methyldopa and combination of Methyldopa and Nifedipine in terms of mean change in blood pressure in pregnancy induced hypertension.
Material and methods: This randomized controlled was conducted at Depart Obstetrics and Gynecology DHQ Okara. Total 80 women with pregnancy induced hypertension having age range from 20-40 years and with gestational age 20-40 weeks were selected.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 30.81 ± 5.670 years, mean age of patients of group A was 31.50 ± 5.809 years and mean age of group B was 30.13 ± 5.515 years. Mean gestational age was 30.17 ± 5.981 weeks, mean gestational age of patients of group A was 29.70 ± 6.329 weeks and mean gestational age of patients of group B was 6.329 ± 5.650 weeks.
In group A, mean diastolic blood pressure was decrease from 101.2250 ± 4.97938 to 84.5000 ± 3.26599 and in group B from 107.7750 ± 7.18434 to 82.5000 ± 2.25320. Comparison of mean decrease in diastolic blood pressure between group A (High dose Methyldopa) and group B (Low dose Low dose Methyldopa with Nifedipine) was done. Mean decrease in diastolic blood pressure in group A was 16.72 ± 3.935 and in group B was 25.28 ± 6.876. Statistically significant difference of mean decrease in diastolic blood pressure between the both groups was noted with p value 0.000.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed that Low dose Methyldopa with Nifedipine combination is more effective as compared to High dose Methyldopa to reduce diastolic blood pressure in pregnant women suffering from pregnancy induced hypertension.
 
Cross sectional study of Depression in Patients undergo Hemodialysis
No full textIt has been suggested that approximately 20–30% of the renal disease population suffer from depression, it may eventually lead to kidney failure, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain life, Hemodialysis significantly and adversely affects the lives of patients, both physically and psychologically.
This is a cross-sectional study was designed to estimate the prevalence of depression among patients who are undergoing hemodialysis. The total number of patients was registered for dialysis was 90 for the hemodialysis. The participants were registered with their demographic data, i.e. age, sex, education, residence, work. Disease data like date of diagnosis, duration of dialysis.
The study conclusion revealed that majority of the patients 34 (37.77%) was in severe depression level, only 15.55% patients have no depression. Herewith concluding that the prevalence of depression is high in patients undergoes hemodialysis.
Mental health professionals may often be needed in such cases. An effective team work is a must in the effective management of CKD patient’s mental health problems; it is only the collaborative effort that leads to better outcomes and improved quality of life of patients receiving Hemodialysis