International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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ERIC-PCR Analysis of the Clinical and Environmental strains of V. cholerae during 2013 Epidemic in Nigeria
No full textBackground: Molecular markers are important tools in the monitoring of toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae in environmental and clinical samples.
Objectives: The study was aimed at determining the clinical and environmental strains of V. cholerae associated with cholera epidemic and compare their genetic relatedness for epidemiological purposes.
Materials and Methods: Clinical and environmental samples were collected from six states (Ogun, Oyo, Lagos, Zamfara, Plateau and Benue) following report of cholera epidemic and identified using biochemical and serological techniques. The molecular markers used were wbe O1, wbe O139, ctx, tcp genes and ERIC-PCR.
Results: The serotype of the clinical isolates was Ogawa while eight environmental isolates from Ogun and Oyo identified as V. cholerae were non-Ogawa non-Inaba. Out of a total of 198 samples, 41 (20.7%) were Vibrio species with thirty six (87.8%) comprising V. cholerae. All isolates (clinical and environmental) possessed the tcp and ctxA genes, with the exception of one clinical isolate that did not possess the ctxA gene.
Out of 30 isolates genotyped by ERIC-PCR, 16 ERIC fingerprint patterns (FP) were distributed into three major clusters. There were distinct differences between the clinical and the environmental isolates as well as isolates from the different states. Genetic similarities between clinical and environmental strains were also observed.
Conclusion: Toxigenic V. cholerae 01 serotype Ogawa was responsible for the cholera outbreak in Nigeria in 2013. Based on DNA finger printing of clinical and environmental isolates, it was observed that the toxigenic V. cholerae strains in human infections could be linked to the environmental strains. ERIC-PCR is a useful tool for discriminating our clinical and environmental isolates
Treatment of Urticaria in Allopathic and Unani Medicine: A Comparative Study
No full textUrticaria is one of the most frequent skin diseases. It is characterized by pruritic wheal & flare-type skin reactions with or without angioedema that usually persist for <24 h. In some patients, only angioedema is present.Urticaria has a profound impact on quality of life & effective treatment is, therefore, required.Abul Hasan Ahmed Bin Rabban Tabri(994 B.C.) had insisted to treat Urticaria comprehensively in his book ‘Moalijat- e- Buqratiya’& he labelled “hakims who neglect Urticaria as illiterate hakims” as the terrible prognosis of urticaria according to Hakim Tabri is Loss of function of organs.Urticaria /angioedema occur in 15 to 25% of individuals at some times during their life and can affect both genders and all races.Due to frequent relapses, treatment for shara is chellengeinfront of medical system. In this paper an effort has been made to do comparative study of treatment of Urticaria in Allopathic & Unani System of Medicine
A Study on Neonatal Septicemia in Blood Culture Isolates and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in View of Emerging Drug Resistance
No full textNeonates were classified as having either Early Onset Septicemia (EOS) or Late Onset Septicemia (LOS). Blood culturesamples of clinically suspected cases of neonatal septicemia from July 2013 to July 2014 were studied. Antibiotic sensitivitypattern of isolates was also analysed in 260 blood culture. Culture was positive in 70 (26.9%) samples. Of these, 48 (22.6%)were EOS and 22 (45.8%) were LOS. In EOS, K. pneumoniae and S.aureus were predominantly isolated. In LOS,S.epidermidis, Acinetobacter spp. and P.aeruginosa were most commonly seen. High resistance was seen to 3rd generationcephalosporins. The predominant organisms responsible for septicemia in NICU were K.pneumoniae, S.aureus andAcinetobacter spp. Carbapenems and vancomycin were the most effective antimicrobial agents in NICU.Key words: neonatal septicemia, Acinetobacter ,Carbapenems , Vancomyci
Reproductive Tourism A Commercial Crunch, Smacking Various Issues On Surrogacy
No full textBACKGROUND: India has become the top international surrogacy destination for couples and even singlemen and women who have not been able to have children through natural means. The success of the procedurein India is greatly attributed to the cutting edge technology adopted by the fertility clinics in India, highlyqualified fertility specialists, social acceptance of surrogacy and low cost of surrogacy, all leading to India’shigh success rate in gestational and commercial surrogacy.OBJECTIVE: The article discusses over various controversial issues of surrogacy like medical, ethical legal,moral, medico-legal and financial issues arising from surrogacy and it also highlight the advantages ofsurrogacy over adoption.DISCUSSION: With growth in surrogacy industry, India has become the much sought after surrogacydestination. At the same time nations all across the globe are condemning commercial surrogacy which waslegalized by Supreme court in India in India in 2002 in an effort to stimulate medical tourism, the emergingpractice of travel across international borders to obtain cheaper health care. According to a 2012 study by theConfederation of Indian Industry (CII), the sector is worth $2 billion. Surrogacy has become the topic of deepinterest among the government, medico legal luminaries as well as public at large.CONCLUSION: The codified laws related to surrogacy is yet to be adopted and implemented which could beguiding force and would mean better regulation and monitoring of the growing industry, also protecting theinterest and rights of both the intended parent and surrogate mother
CTEV (only idiopathic club foot) all below 2 years of age treated conservatively with Ponseti technique
No full textAmong the vast treasures of King Tut, the archeologists found wall murals depicting a rather grotesque dwarf.Clubfoot or Congenital Talipes Equinovarus is one of the most common congenital and perhaps the oldestdocumented deformities. It is a rigid deformity having three components, namely: Ankle and foot equinus, Hindfootvarus and Forefoot abduction. About 1 in every 1000 children is born with clubfoot worldwide. A normaldeveloping foot turns into a clubfoot around the 3rd month of foetal life. Etiological factors for the development ofthe deformity seem to be active for several years explaining relapses after correction.Though the management ofCTEV with manipulative casts dates back to the day of human evolution its been neglected for centuries.Developing countries like India with an agrarian culture requires walking on uneven surfaces, which require suppleand painless foot. Also with limited financial resources operative management become difficult. Ponseti technique issimple, effective cheap and non invasive.Clubfoot children are often abandoned or face a future in poverty. Bycorrecting their feet, they get the opportunity to live a normal life.This controversy in the management of CTEV hasstimulated me to study this subject and its management and discuss its results using manipulative casts by Ponsetitechnique.Materials and methodsThis is a prospective study of 75 patients with CTEV (only idiopathic club foot) all below 2 years of age treatedconservatively with Ponseti technique and evaluated with the help of Columbian Clubfoot Score according to astandard proforma. All the patients were treated in out patient department and were given 5-6 manipulative casts at aweekly interval after which Tendo Achilles and a full corrective cast was given for 3 weeks after which they wereput on Steenbeek’s brace.In our series, we have 75 patients (101feet), in 49 there was unilateral affection and 26 had bilateral affection forstudy, which were treated with PONSETI CAST and tenotomy and correction maintained in Steenbeek’s brace.ConclusionC.T.E.V. is a congenital development disease, which if treated early by conservative treatment has excellentresults.Males predominance noted with a ratio of 4:1.There was seen an increase in incidence coming 1° relativeswith 11% having positive family history.The Ponseti method is a very effective and relatively inexpensive treatmentwith good long term results
Dermoid cyst of the orbit- A case report
No full textWe describe a case of a dermoid cyst involving the lateral aspect of orbit of an adult treated at our ABSMIDS , and we review the literature on dermoid cysts. A 19-year-old man presented with right-sided supraorbital swelling.USG and magnetic resonance imaging scans were preformed. Although a definitive diagnosis was unclear, the imaging findings were consistent with a dermoid cyst. The lesion was excised through an lateral brow incision. Dermoid cysts of the orbit are uncommon lesions that occur primarily in the pediatric population. In adults, orbital dermoids are more likely to present with bone erosion, and therefore they should be considered in the differential diagnosis for orbital and frontal bone lesions extending into the frontal sinus
Therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab on posterior segment neovascularization
No full textMethodsA retrospective chart review of 40 patients (50 eyes) of posterior segment neovascularization given a single dose of1.25 mg intravitreal bevacizumab. Data analysis included demographics and treatment modalities to evaluate thevisual acuity (VA) outcome , stabilization of AMD and macular edema of diabetic retinopathy(central fovealthickness, CFT) and drug side effects. Patients were on follow up for 2months.ResultsSignificant anatomical and functional recovery was evident in patients within a few weeks. The mean age ofpresentation was 53.55 years. The mean central foveal thickness on OCT was 294 microns (range 80-585). Theintravitreal bevacizumab was given in both eyes of 10 patients and in one eye of 30 patients. The central fovealthickness has decreased significantly (p= 0.005). Complete response was seen in 20 eyes (41%). AMD was stable in25 eyes (50%) and macular edema in 5eyes of diabetic retinopathy (10%) and with no response in five eyes(10%).There was statistically significant improvement in visual acuity of patient on last follow up64.86%(p=0.026)..ConclusionEffect of intravitreal bevacizumab in patients of posterior segment neovascularizationafter follow up of two monthsshowed significant effect on improvement of visual acuity . Effect of intravitreal bevacizumab on visual acuity wasseen as early as first 7 days and maximum improvement was seen after 6 weeks. In patients with CNVM there wasmore improvement in visual acuity than in proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema .Intrvitrealbevacizumab injection stabilized the exudative AMD
Assessment of Knowledge of ASHAs about RCH Services in Rural Area
No full textoai:ojs2.www.ijhsonline.com:article/2Background: The National Rural Health Mission was launched in year 2005 to improve rural health care delivery system. One of the key initiatives was to appoint accredited Social health Activist (ASHA) to bridge the gap in rural healthcare. ASHAs are being selected from the local community by the health department. Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) is the most important programme under NRHM. Thus the present study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of ASHAs about RCH services provided by them in rural area. Objectives: Assess the knowledge of ASHAs about RCH services. Material and methods: There are total ten blocks in Latur district. Out of each blocks one PHC was selected randomly for the study. All the trained ASHAs working under the selected PHC were enrolled in the study. Thus total 311 ASHAs were included in the study. A questionnaire was designed using induction training module used for ASHAs at their respective PHCs during the month of October 2013. Results: in this study showed that 49.2% ASHAs scored 25 -50% marks and 32.48% scored 50-75% marks. The mean score was 41.46 with SD 0.92. ASHAs from most of the blocks scored between 25-50% while ASHAs from two blocks (Renapur and Jalkot) scored 50-75%. It was observed that most of the ASHAs were in the age group of 25-30yrs (49.06%) followed by 31 -35 yrs. (33.02%)(X2 =8.42, df= 3, p<0.05). Majority of ASHAs were having educational qualification between 8th to 12th standard. Conclusion: The study revealed the training given to ASHA workers there is still lacunae left in their knowledge regarding various aspects and Frequency of quality training for ASHAs must be strengthened
An epidemiological Study of Road Traffic Accidents in a South Indian City
No full textDeath from road traffic accidents (RTA) and in particular Motor vehicle Traffic Accidents have been characterized worldwide as a hidden epidemic which affects all sectors of society. It account for 2.1% of global mortality. An estimated 1.26 million people worldwide died in 2000 from RTA, 90% of them in low and middle income countries. In 2000, the RTA mortality rate for the world was 20.8 per 1, 00,000 population. In the Americas, it was 26.7 for males and 8.4 for females. In the Americas during 1997-2000 mortality from all land transport accidents was the tenth leading cause of death in the general population
Radiographic Imaging of Dental Implants
No full textBackground: Radiographic imaging plays an important role in successful planning and placement of implant. Dental implants have gained wide acceptance and has become part of routine treatment plan for missing teeth. It is important to know the various imaging modalities and appropriate techniques need to be applied for the successful outcome of implant treatment