International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Support Programme and Oral Health Related Quality of Life of Children Living with HIV in Bangalore, India
No full textObjective: To know the oral health related quality of life of CLHIV under support model.Methodology: A cross sectional investigation was done on 110 Children Living with HIV in a rehabilitation center enrolled in SUPPORT programme. an 8 item scale derived from of Child Perception questionnaire was used to assess the oral health related quality of life and WHO performa 1997 was used for oral health assessment other demographic information was obtained by the care takers in the center.
Results: The assessment of perception of oral health showed that 49 (44.5%) perceive their oral health as good. the overall OHRqol score in the study population was mean 14.40±6.25. Age, gender and gingival status had no significant impact on all the four domains of quality of life. The caries status had impact on all the domains and those who were under antiretroviral therapyand had oral lesions showed significant impact on their social well-being.
Conclusion: The overall oral health related quality of life in children living with HIV under Support Programme had positive scores
Psychological Disturbances in Lung Cancer Patients
No full textIntroduction: Lung cancer may be conceptualized as a stressor with psychological, behavioral and biological components that can severely impact upon quality of life (QOL). Lung cancer patients generally experience decreased QOL and high levels of psychological distress The study was conducted to assess psychological behavior in lung cancer patients with different stages of diagnosis of lung cancer by using a self-reporting Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).The SCL-90-R consisted 90 questions and each question is rated on five point scale of distress (0-4) ranging from ‘not at all’ at one end to ‘extremely’ at the other end.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in 2 groups of subjects: lung cancer group and control group. A self reporting questionnaire, Hindi adaptation of Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was completed by all the subjects. The SCL-90-R consisted 90 questions and each question is rated on five point scale of distress (0-4) ranging from ‘not at all’ at one end to ‘extremely’ at the other end.Results: Level of significance between the lung cancer and control group was high (p<0.001) in all the symptoms except hostility disorder, which was significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results of present study point to the complex course of psychological responses that may be experienced after lung cancer diagnosis. The study point to need for accurate identification of distressed patients and the need for development of validated interventions to manage the psychological impact of lung cancer particularly in the 1st year following the diagnosis
A Study of Anterior Ethmoidal Foramen Exsutural in North Indian Crania
No full textAnterior ethmoidal foramen normally lies on the suture between medial edge of orbital plates of frontal andethmoidal bones in the medial wall of orbit. It occasionally emerges above the suture. Studies of nonmetric cranialvariants have been a field of considerable interest to research workers especially because of their racial and regionalimportance. Twenty eight north Indian skulls of U.P. were studied for the, a cranial variant in the present study.Findings are discussed and compared with other global studies and are found to be of considerable regional andracial significance
Can Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density Predict Osteoporosis –A Dexa Scan Based Study
No full textDEXA SCAN studies were done for 500 patients of all age groups over 25 years from Jan 2010 to Jan 2015 attending KLE University’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre. The results of this study suggest that advancing age and lower BMI are important risk factors for the occurrence of low BMD and thus leading to osteoporosis. Further studies are required to investigate the effect of other factors like exposure to sunlight, calcium intake, and other habits like smoking, diet, and so forth
Maintenance of maternal arterial pressure during spinal anaesthesia in caesarean section: A comparative clinical study on the efficacy of intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and mephentermine on hypotension post subarachnoid block.
No full textA comparative study was performed on 60 patients to observe the effect of intravenous bolus phenylephrine versus mephentermine during hypotension after subarachnoid block (SAB) for maintenance of arterial pressure during spinal anaesthesia in caesarean section. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each and were randomly allocated to receive an IV bolus of any of the two drugs. Phenylephrine was administered as 500 μg in 1ml bolus IV and Mephentermine was administered as 6mg Inj. Mephentermine Sulphate in 1ml bolus IV. It was observed that systolic arterial pressure was elevated significantly for first six minutes of bolus dose in Phenylephrine group as compared to Mephentermine group
‘‘Ignore Mouth-Ignore Life’’ A Cross Sectional Study on Oral Cancer Awareness among General Medical Practitioners and General Dental Practitioners.
No full textAims and objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the oral cancer awareness, knowledge, attitude and screening practices among general medical practitioners (GMPs) and general dental practitioners (GDPs).
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study consisting of 21 questions was delivered to all GMPs and GDPs related to assessing oral examination habits, delivery of advice on oral cancer risk factors, knowledge of oral cancer risk factors and clinical appearance, preferred point of referral and requests for further information on oral cancer.Results: Response rate of close to 99% was obtained from both GMPs and GDPs respectively. GMPs are less likely to examine oral mucosa and felt less confident to diagnose the oral cancer compared to their counter parts (GDPs). Both GMPs and GDPs suggested smoking and alcohol are the major risk factors for the oral cancer and advise their patients about risk factors for oral cancer. Whereas 28% of GDPs and 4% of GMPs suggested other factors like Chewing tobacco, betel nut etc. are also considered as risk factors for oral cancer. A significant percentage of GDPs and GMPS (97% and 95% respectively) have requested more information and training sessions on oral cancer.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that knowledge levels of both GMPs and GDPs are generally good and however, there are some discrepancies seen in factors related to clinical examination techniques and risk factor knowledge. The oral cancer awareness of GMPs and GDPs could be improved by the inclusion of additional training, conducting oral cancer awareness programmes and teachings on oral health and oral diseases in the medical undergraduate curriculum
Cerebral Edema in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: A Study in Primates by Wet Weight: Dry Weight Method
No full textAim: To verify whether there is any correlation between the microcirculatory perfusion impairment, area of infarction and cerebral edema after occlusion of MCA and find out whether there is any definite “reperfusion window” which could be used effectively to prevent or to reduce the infarction and there by edema.
Materials and Method: For the present study, 24 healthy adult monkeys of either sex were procured from non-forest areas with prior permission from the forest department, government of Karnataka, India. The estimation of cerebral edema was studied by wet-weight and dry-weight method.
Results: On permanent occlusion of the right MCA for 30min, 4 and 12h, there was no statistically significant rise in the water percentage of the whole right ischemic hemisphere, when compared to sham operated monkeys. There was no alteration in the water percentage of left hemisphere of monkeys with the right MCA occluded for 30min, 4, 12h. At 24h, there was an insignificant increase in the left hemisphere.
Conclusion: By demonstrating that cerebral edema is related to infarct size rather than the presence or absence of reperfusion, this study, along with clinical observations, suggests that exacerbation of cerebral edema will not occur after thrombolytic therapy or spontaneous recanulization of occluded cerebral vessels
Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Hospital Workers in a Tertiary Care Referral Centre
No full textAccording to the World Health Organization, more than 2 billion people in the world are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The goal of testing for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is to identify persons who are at increased risk for developing tuberculosis (TB) and who would benefit from treatment of the infection.In this study, the prevalence of tuberculin positivity was calculated among health care workers (n=100) and administrative staff members (n=100) using 5 tuberculin units (TU) of purified protein derivative (PPD) by the standard procedure. All the negative cases were further subjected to 10 TU of PPD in the same volume (0.1 ml).A total of 20 out of 100 and 9 out of 100 cases were positive for tuberculin skin test in the category of health care workers and administrative staff members respectively. Maximum number of positive cases (35%) among the health care workers was from Chest and Tuberculosis department. No additional case was found positive with 10 TU among these categories.Tuberculin testing for latent tuberculosis infection is a strategic component of tuberculosis control that identifies persons at high risk for developing TB who would benefit by treatment, if detected.
 
Comparison of effects of Enalapril, Ramipril and Amlodipine on blood sugar levels in ill-controlled type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients
No full textIntroduction: Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension may co-exist in 15-25 % of individuals in industrialized countries. Vasodilator amodipine, ramipril and enalapril being commonly used drugs, were selected to see their beneficial effect in type 2 diabetics with fasting blood sugar >150 mg%.Materials and methods: This was a prospective, open labeled study in which 45 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with fasting blood glucose more than 150 mg% were allocated to 3 groups (n=15) each of Amlodipine 2.5mg/day, enalapril 2.5mg/day and ramipril 2.5mg/day for a follow up observation period of 8 weeks and blood glucose was estimated at the baseline and every 15 days.Results: In all the three study groups, statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in the fasting blood glucose was found when compared to the ‘baseline’ and also ‘within group’ analysis. Add on therapy with vasodilator in such patients of diabetes mellitus was found to be associated with improved glycemic control at the end of 8 weeks.Conclusion: By addition of vasodilators to their current anti-diabetic treatment we tried to probe better control of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients with improved insulin responsiveness and decreased dose requirement of antidiabetic drugs
Honey comb lesion in nasopharyngeal roof
No full textDuring sagittal sectioning of an adult male cadaver head for undergraduate teaching a swelling was noticed in the nasopharyngeal roof. The lesion was a honey-combed cyst covered by nasopharyngeal mucosa.Light microscopy showed a multiloculated fibrous walled lesion lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with mononuclear cell invasion.The appearance is consistent with Tornwaldt’s cyst. It is formed as a result of retraction of the notochord from where it contacts the endoderm during early development of the pharynx