International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Maternal Serum and Cord Blood Homocysteine and MDA Levels as Markers of Oxidative Stress in Normal Vs High Risk Deliveries
No full textLipid peroxidation is a normal phenomenon occurring continuously at low level in all human beings, which is effectively counteracted by antioxidant mechanisms. Oxidative stress is implicated in development of utero-placental disorders which can be a cause of high-risk or abnormal pregnancies. In this study malondialdehyde (MDA) and homocysteine levels in maternal plasma and cord blood at labour were taken as markers of oxidative stress, Also uric acid. Aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and Alanine amino-transferase(ALT), levels were assessed to co-relate with the incidence of high- risk pregnancies. 46 pregnancies resulting in high-risk deliveries (pre-term, twin , pregnancy-induced hypertension, abruptio placentae, placenta praevia , premature rupture of membrane, prolonged 2nd stage of labour , meconium stained liquour , low APGAR score of baby at 1 minute, instrumental deliveries) were taken as cases and 54 age-matched mothers with normal vaginal delivery were taken as controls. Levels of MDA and homocysteine were found to be significantly higher in cases (MDA: 5.21 ± 0.39 nmol/ ml, homocysteine: 6.01 ± 0.63 nmol/ ml) as compared to controls (MDA :-3.5 ± 0.76 nmol/ ml, homocysteine: 4.62 ± 0.72 nmol/ ml ) with ‘p’ value <0.05. The level of AST was also significantly higher and uric acid levels were slightly lower in the cases than controls. There was strong positive correlation between maternal homocysteine and MDA values (r = 0.72) and moderate negative correlation between homocysteine and uric acid values (r = - 0.37). These results indicate the association of oxidative stress in cases of high-risk pregnancy outcome and strongly advocate the evaluation of these parameters in ante-partum period and their proper management. It also emphasizes the role of antioxidants in preventing high-risk pregnancies. 
Dermal Grafts: A Permanent and Economical Treatment Option for Depressed Scars
No full textA dermal graft is a skin graft which includes dermal tissue as graft material. Dermal grafts have been reported to be effective as a natural filler material for treating depressed scars. This technique builds on previous subcision and consists of placing dermal grafts into precise pockets under the skin.
Dermal grafts have shown long term survival in various published data and it has been shown that survivals of dermal grafts are much higher than fat transplants. We are reporting our study of 6 cases of depressed scars to extra-polate the benefits of dermal grafting in cosmetically disfiguring conditions like morphea, depressed acne scars and post traumatic scars
Randomised controlled Study comparing Epidural Bupivacaine with Epidural Ropivacaine and Epidural Levobupivacaine in Subumbiical Surgeries for Quality and Duration of Blockade Haemodynamic effects and complications.
No full textThe aim of the study was to compare the effects of 0.5% Bupivacaine(isobaric),0.75% Ropivacaine (isobaric) and 0.5% Levobupivacaine(isobaric) for epidural anaesthesia in elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. were randomly divided into three groups. Group B (Bupivacaine group) patients receiving 20 ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine and Group R (Ropivacaine group) patients receiving 20 ml of 0.75%
In the present study the patients studied in the three groups did not vary much with respect to age, sex or weight
There were no statistically significant differences with regard to onset of sensory and motor block between the groups. The hemodynamic changes and side effect profile of Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine is not significantly different from that of Bupivacaine.
Hence Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine can be used as a safe alternative to Bupivacaine for epidural anaesthesia in lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. The shorter duration of motor block with Ropivacaine suggest that it could be effectively used for early mobilization of patients in the post operative period
Effect of Light & Colour on Shade Selection
No full textNow a day’s dental restoration is consolidated around three mainstays: The use of non-metallic materials, such as composite resins and ceramics; adhesion to dental structures; and achieving a natural cosmetic look. The colour and appearance of teeth is a complex phenomenon, depending on many factors such as lighting conditions, translucency, opacity, light scattering, gloss, the human eye and brain influencing the overall perception of tooth colour. The shade depends upon enamel-dentin thickness, surrounding colour structures and surfaces , type, quantity and intensity of light. The measurement of tooth colour is possible through a number of methods including visual assessment with shade guides, spectrophotometry, colorimetry and computer analysis of digital images. The first step to achieving clinical success in cosmetic dentistry will therefore be the correct identification of the tooth colour which we need to imitate and select material that most closely matches and / or to communicate this information to the laboratory if the restoration is to be fabricated out there. This is a summarisation of some important points to be considered during the shade selection of tooth coloured restorations
Assessment of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) In Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy
No full textBackground: Diabetic nephropathy (DN)is an extremely common complication of diabetesmellitus (DM) that affects more than 25% of all patients with type 2DM; there is growing support for the notion that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a CC chemokine, which plays an important role in the recruitment of monocytes and macrophages from the bloodstream to inflamed tissue. It has been demonstrated that MCP-1-mediated macrophage accumulation and activation is a critical mechanism in the development of DN.
Aim of this study: The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of urinary MCP-1 as biomarkers for early detection of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.
Subjects and Methods: The current study was performed on sixty type 2 diabetic patients. Those patients were classified into three equal groups according to their albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) including patients with normoalbuminuria (ACR < 30 mg/g), patients with microalbuminuria (ACR 30-300 mg/g) and patients with macroalbuminuria (ACR > 300 mg/g). Twenty apparently healthy subjects matching the same age and socioeconomic status were taken as a control group. Signed informed consent was obtained from each patient.
Results: The mean urinary level of MCP-1significantly higher in all diabetic groups when compared to control group. A significant positive correlation was found between urinary MCP-1 and urinary ACR, urine microalbumin, fasting plasma glucose and glycatedhemoglobin in all diabetic groups. Whilea significant negative correlation was found between urinary MCP-1 andeGFR in all diabetic groups. The cut-off level for urinary MCP-1 was 148pg/ml (100% sensitivity and 100% specificity) for discriminating between the diabetic patients with and without nephropathy
Ovarian Capillary Hemangioma Mimicking Carcinoma
No full textINTRODUCTION - Vascular lesions of ovary are very rare, especially ovarian hemangiomas.
CASE REPORT – presenting a case of ovarian capillary hemangioma with massive ascites and elevated Ca 125 level.
DISCUSSION – Hemangiomas are common in other organs but ovarian hemangioma are very rare despite its rich vascular supply. Here presenting a case of ovarian capillary hemangioma with massive ascites and elevated Ca 125 level.
CONCLUSION - To avoid unnecessary radical surgery for a benign neoplasm and considering their rare occurrence haemangioma should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of an ovarian mass before surgery
Physical Exercise (Riyazat) a Boon for Expecting Mothers
No full textCreation has endowed the female of the species with the gift of pro-creation. Therefore this unique gift is the greatest happiness for a woman, who is aware that she and her kind are the ones who have brought mankind in this world. But biologically considering, along with the thought that she would be a mother, the female also has to face the greatest and gravest challenges during pregnancy, so much so that it may also become a matter of life and death. During pregnancy there are progressive anatomical and physiological changes not only confined to the genital organs but also to all systems of the body. Maternal physiological changes are the normal adaptations that a woman undergoes during pregnancy to better accommodate the embryo or fetus. Various ailments among pregnant women are likely the outcome of these physiological changes. These ailments may include backache,leg cramps,ankle oedema, acidity, varicose vein, insomnia and haemorrhoids, while some may develop gestational diabetes. As a precautionary as well as preventive step, women are advised to consume minimum but safe drugs during pregnancy, so as to avoid teratogenic effect, as a result of most drugs crossing the placental barrier. Hence alternative method in which medicines are not used internally would be beneficial for expecting mothers.Ilaj-biltadbeer (Regimenal therapy) of Unani system of medicine is a unique way of treatment ,in which ailments are cured without or with least use of drugs, hence is the best way to relieve pregnancy related discomfort. Exercise( Riyazat) is one of the methods of Ilaj-bil-tadbeer (Regimenal therapy) and is found to be very safe and effective during pregnancy and postpartum period. Exercise ( Riyazat)is a series of voluntary movements which produce deep and rapid respiration. These movements of different parts of body are needed for maintaining health, hence in recent years the need for physical exercise has gained greater importance during pregnancy as well as in postpartumperiod.A daily exercise programme is an important part of healthy pregnancy. Recent studies have proved that prenatal and postnatal exercises can prevent pregnancy related discomfort. So for maintaining better maternal health as well as psychological well being,various exercises like fitness walking, jogging (mild), swimming, aquanatal classes,yoga and stretching, pilatesand low-impact aerobics are recommended during pregnancy and postpartum period
Effect of high blood lead levels on Serum calcium and phosphorus in patients exposed to lead
No full textLead (Pb2+) intoxication is a serious occupational disease that constitutes a major public health problem. In the present work we studied the effect of lead on calcium and phosphorus on two groups namely Cases and Control. Blood samples were taken from 20 workers exposed to lead (blood lead concentration 56.02 ±29.65 μg/dl) and 30 non-exposed workers (3.3 ±1.29 μg/dl). Serum calcium in Cases (7.58 ±0.18 mg/dl) was negatively correlated (p<0.01), as the Lead levels increases, Calcium level decreases in the blood. Also Serum Phosphorus and Lead are positively correlated (p<0.05) as the Lead levels increases, phosphorus level also increases in the blood.Lead is a biochemical analogue, thus it interferes with calcium in several metabolic pathways, that maylead to lead induced decrease in calcium level, the most widely accepted is the interference of lead with the final metabolism of vitamin D to the active metabolite, calcitriol, a hormone required for adequate calcium absorption. Also High blood phosphate levels reduce the formation of the active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) in the kidneys; reduce blood calcium lead to increased PTH release by the parathyroid glands
Morphometry of the scaphoid waist: A better understanding for hand surgery
No full textThe scaphoid bone is one of the eight small bones of the carpus. Along with the lunate and the distal carpal articular surface of the radius, it forms the wrist joint, an ellipsoid variety of synovial joint. The eight small bones arranged in two rows act together to allow simple translational movement and thereby play a special role in wrist stability and in coordinating various movements at the wrist joint. The scaphoid bone is vulnerable to fracture because of its position within the wrist. It is the most frequently fractured carpal bone accounting for seventy-one percent of all carpal bone fractures. This study was performed to observe the circumference of the scaphoid waist. Our study was focused on dry adult scaphoid specimens of humans in population of Bihar and our findings can be useful for clinicians
Prevalence of Acute Cardiac and Renal Complications in Poorly Controlled Diabetics among Inpatients of Govt. General Hospital, Guntur.
No full textBackground: The prevalence of chronic complications of diabetes, microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and macrovascular complications like coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and cerebrovascular disease is related to chronic hyperglycaemia condition. Hence the present study has been done to determine the prevalence of Acute Cardiac and Renal Complications in poorly controlled diabetics. Material & Methods: It was a non experimental prospective observational study done in Government General Hospital, Guntur wherein patients attending general medicine ward, both inpatient and outpatients with diabetes mellitus and age ≥ 18 years were evaluated. Results: Out of the total 511 diabetic subjects, 56% (285) had complications related to diabetes. Renal and Cardiac complications were present in30% (n=155), Acute Renal and Cardiac complications in 13.6% (n= 70), Acute Renal complications in 9.7% (n=50), Acute Cardiac complications in 2.9% (n=15), both acute cardiac and renal complications in 0.97% (n=5). Conclusions: From our study we conclude that uncontrolled diabetes for first few years can cause acute cardiac and renal complications which are life threatening and poorly controlled diabetes can cause long term cardiac and renal complications albeit with mortality rate