International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Role of MDCT in Radiological evaluation of Renal Masses and its beneficial effects on patient management
No full textOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of imaging modalities, viz, x ray, sonography, and MDCT scan in the detection and classification of various cases of renal masses.To list causes of renal masses according to the gender and age groups & to correlate the radiological findings withthe operative results/ final outcome.MATERIALS & METHODS:The patients with renal masses is evaluated by X Ray, Ultrasonography (USG) and MDCT scan for a period of 2 years and the findings are correlated with operative findings and FNAC or BIOPSY. This cross sectional study is comprised of 56 patients who were clinically suspected of renal masses & were studied over a period of two years and the findings are correlated with the operative findings and FNAC/BIOPSY.RESULTS:The age group of the patients ranged from 1-80 years. Majority of the lesions were found in age group of 61-70 years (18 patients). There were 27 male and 29 female patients. RCC (37%) was most common lesion.CONCLUSION:MDCT is one of the most optimal and effective imaging modality for characterization of renal lesions, diagnosis, staging and management of renal neoplasms. Its multiplanar imaging property and high resolution have significant advantage in detection of the renal masses. It can accurately differentiate between solid and cystic lesions, thereby used in characterization of the lesions
Winning the War against Free Radicals with Nutritional Medicine
No full textWhen we sit back and close our eyes and focus on our breathing it feels great. The air entering our lungs brings in life. The oxygen entering the cell is reduced by the transfer of electrons to create energy into the form of ATP and producing water as a by product. Now to reduce oxygen to water requires four electrons, failure to reduction produces a free radical. The part of our body receiving the most free radical injury wears out first and develops degenerative disease. In the eyes it leads to macular degeneration or cataracts. Heart attack and stroke when blood vessels are affected. One develops arthritis in case they are joint spaces. Within the brain you could develop Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease. With the passage of time we become victims of oxidative stress that is caused by free radicals. This oxidative stress is the prime culprit to cause almost all the degenerative diseases and the aging process
Contributions of Ibn Senna in ophthalmology
No full text‘The eye is like a mirror, and the visible object is like the thing reflected in the mirror." -- Avicenna, early 11thcentury.Physicians in ancient Persia played an important role in the development of medicine in the medieval era. One of themost influential figures of this era was Abu Ali Sina or Ibn Sina, known as Avicenna in the western world, the authorof more than 200 books on medicine and philosophy. Few researchers have looked into the different medical issues inhis best known work, the Canon of Medicine, particularly with regard to ophthalmology. In this analysis, Avicenna'sviews on and contributions to the diagnosis and treatment of cataracts in his Canon were elucidated. He identifiescataracts(nozul al maa)as an obstruction where moisture accumulates and prevents images from entering the eye. Healso said that the optic nerve is the organ that is responsible for vision, not the lens, as it had been believed before. Healso described the dilation and contraction of the pupils and iris of the eye and their diagnostic value. He identifiedthe six motor muscles of the eye, physiology of eye movementsand discussed the functions of the tear ducts.Our review of Avicenna's writings on eye disorders in the Canon of Medicine suggests that he had a rigorousapproach to the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from eye disorders
Prevalence of Strabismus in Patients with Cerebral Palsy
No full textBackground: Cerebral palsy is a condition usually associated with treatable ocular pathologies such as strabismus. Objectives: 1. To observe and estimate the prevalence of various types of strabismus in children with cerebral palsy 2. To estimate the strength of association between the presences of squint and birth weight, and squint and gestational age of the child. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional, hospital based study was conducted in Dr SM CSI Medical College, Karakonam, Trivandrum. Eighty children diagnosed with cerebral palsy were included in the study. A detailed ophthalmic evaluation was done. Presence of and type of strabismus was noted. Results: Strabismus was found in 32 of 80 (40%) cases enrolled in the study. Exotropia was found to be 3.4 times more than esotropia. Alternating exotropia was the commonest type accounting for 17 cases (21.3%). No statistical association was found between squint and birth weight or gestational age
A Rare Anomaly Double Cystic Duct with Single Gall Bladder
No full textDouble cystic duct is an extremely rare anomaly. We present a case of double cystic duct with single gallbladder. Patient planned for laparoscopic approach and same was done . Intraoperatively, there is suspicious about bile duct injury. Hence, procedure converted to open cholecystectomy. A single gall bladder with a double cystic duct was identified and cholecystectomy done
Prevalence of Candida Non albicans Species Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Egyptian Women
No full textBackground: The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida non-albicans (CNA) species has increased dramatically in the recent decades. This study aimed to identify and to test antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species isolated from vaginal swabs of women with VVC, and to evaluate the performance of the commercially available Integral System Yeasts Plus (ISYP) for the identification of Candida species. Methods: High vaginal swabs (n=72) were collected from women presented with vaginitis during the period from February to December 2013. Swabs were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar,Blood agar, and Gram stained smears were examined. Identification was done by ISYP and nested PCR, and antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates was done by ISYP. Clinical, Demographic data, and risk factors of women with respect to identified species were also evaluated. Results: The prevalence of VVC was 20/72 (27.8%), and the isolated species were identified by PCR (the gold standard) as C. Glabrata 9/20 (45%) C. albicans 7/20 (35%), C. Parapsilosis 2/20 (10%), C. lambica 1/20 (5%), and C. tropicalis 1/20 (5%).Recurrent VVC (RVVC) accounted for 15/20 (75%) of cases. Resistance to clotrimoxazole was significantly detected in CNA compared to C. albicans isolates (P value= 0.015). Sensitivity to fluconazole was detected in 3/7 (42.9%) of C. albicans compared to 1/13 (7.7%) of CNA isolates, although no statistical significance was found. When the performance of ISYP was evaluated for the identification of Candida species, using PCR as the gold standard, agreement rates of 7/7(100%) and 3/13 (23.1%) were obtained for C.albicans and CNA respectively. Conclusion: The increased prevalence of CNA species (especially C. glabrata) inpatients with VVC and RVVC, as well as the difference in sensitivity to antifungal drugs between C. albicans and CNA, indicate the importance of accurate identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species causing VVC
An extremely rare case of superior venacava syndrome due to invasive aspergillosis with atypical presentation
No full textWe report a case of Invasive Aspergillosis as a cause of Superior Venacava Syndrome in a 40 year old male patient with atypical presentation. Diagnosis of this case was made by clinical examination, Chest Radiograph, Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (Thorax) and sputum microscopy
Methylene blue and its role in ICU patients. A Review
No full textMethylene blue (MB) has multiple applications in ICU patients. Used as antidote in case of methemoglobinemia, as rescue therapy in case of refractory septic shock and anaphylactic shock, for treatment and / prophylaxis in case of Ifosfamide related neurotoxicity. Methylene blue acts by inhibiting both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) of vascular smooth muscle cells along with decreasing the levels of sGC, scavenging nitric oxide (NO) and inhibition of NO synthesis which overall results in hemodynamic stability (basis of treatment in refractory septic shock and anaphylactic shock). It is a reducing agent at physiological doses hence used in patients with methemoglobinemia. Methylene blue also acts as alternate electron acceptor and restores the mitochondrial respiratory chain which is the basic defect in Ifosfamide related neurotoxicity.
It can cause multiple side effects which are transient at physiological doses. Most common side effect is discoloration of body fluids. Methylene blue is widely recommended as an antidote in methemoglobinemia, but the exact role in case of refractory septic shock, anaphylactic shock and Ifosfamide induced neurotoxicity should be confirmed by large observational studies. This review article summarizes the mechanism of action, different uses and complications associated with Methylene blue use in ICU
Clinical Study of Fungal Granulomatous Diseases
Get PDFIntroduction: Fungal Granulomatous disease is characterised by presence of granulomas with multinucleated giant cells and palisiding histiocytes. Aspergillosis is the commonest fungal infection of the nose and sinuses. Mucomycosis is a polymorphic disease with diverse clinical manifestation. The disease has been described as having distinct clinical categories namely- rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal and disseminated.
Material and methods: In this study 10 cases of histologically diagnosed fungal granulomatous disease were studied on the basis of their age distribution, common symptoms, sex ratio, modality and response to treatment
Results: In our study most of the patients were in the age group between 40-60 years. mean age was found to be 45.4 years. Male were the predominant sex to be affected in the ratio of 4:1. Most common symptom were nasal obstruction, headache, epistaxis, nasal mass, nasal/facial deformities. Aspergillus species was found to be the predominant fungus for causation of the disease. Combined medical and surgical modality of treatment yielded good results in terms of recurrence and complications.
Conclusion: In the present study of fungal granulomatous conditions, presentation of the patients varied from nasal symptoms like nasal obstruction, nasal bleed, mass and nasal or facial deformity, in absence of more generalized symptoms. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult and has to be relied on KOH mounting and Histopathological examination of biopsy specimen. Mostly medical and surgical modalities have to be combined together according to clinical situation to reduce the morbidy and mortality
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-An Update for Dentists
No full textSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with far-reaching systemic implications. The hallmark feature in SLE is chronic inflammation. It can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, nervous system, serous membranes such as the pleura and pericardium, mucous membranes and other organs of the body. It is imperative that the dental practitioner be familiar with the broad range of systemic and oral implications, including the clinical and biochemical features of SLE. This review article offers an overview of the multiple organ systems affected by this complex heterogeneous disease process that are most relevant to both the general practitioner and the dental specialist. In particular, ways to recognize and manage the oral and dental manifestations of this systemic illness are presented